The variations of carbonaceous aerosols in particulate matter (mostly in PM10 and PM2.5) were rev... more The variations of carbonaceous aerosols in particulate matter (mostly in PM10 and PM2.5) were reviewed in South and East Asia during the period of 2007 to 2014. The selected countries in South and East Asia are Bangladesh, China, India and Nepal. The carbonaceous aerosols consist of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) and combination of two is known as total carbon (TC). Anthropogenic or biogenic sources and atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds and subsequent gas-to-particle conversion processes are the major sources of carbo-naceous aerosols. This paper is reviewed the numerous studies, which were carried out in various hotspot locations (namely residential, industrial, traffic intersections, rural, indoor environment etc) of selected countries in Asian continent. OC/EC ratio in Bangladesh (Dhaka) varied from 0.78 to 1.3. OC/EC ratio in China (Chongqing, Xi'an, Xink-en, Pearl River Delta regions) varied from 1.13 to 6.92. OC/EC ratio in India (Delhi, Ag...
International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2014
Background A study was carried out to classify municipal solid waste (MSW) compost produced in De... more Background A study was carried out to classify municipal solid waste (MSW) compost produced in Delhi, India for their marketability and use in different area with respect to physico-chemical properties, fertilizing and heavy metal polluting potentials. Results The pH of the compost was slightly alkaline (8.4 ± 0.02) and C:N ratio (9.46 ± 0.91) was low as compared to Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) Standard, Government of India, 1985. Sample analysis was carried out using standard methods. The concentrations of some selected heavy metals, e.g., Zn, Cd and Ni were within the permissible limit of FCO standard. However, the concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cr exceeded (66.7 %) the permissible limit of FCO standard. Further, the compost was characterized to know the fertilizing potential and its potential to contaminate the soil. Fertilizing index (FI) was calculated from the values of TOC, TN, TP, TK and C:N ratio and clean index (CI) was also calculated using heavy metal concentrations. FI value of compost was varied from 4.47 to 4.60, whereas CI value of compost was varied from 2.33 to 2.87, respectively. Conclusions The study results indicated that majority of MSW compost produced in Delhi failed to achieve quality control guidelines of FCO standard. The compost has fertilizing potential, however, certain risk to the environment. Hence, the prepared compost in Delhi was not suitable for its intended purpose. Post-treatment of compost is required to improve the quality of compost, which can be utilized for agricultural purposes.
A study was conducted in the residential areas of Delhi, India, to assess the variation in ambien... more A study was conducted in the residential areas of Delhi, India, to assess the variation in ambient air quality and ambient noise levels during pre-Diwali month (DM), Diwali day (DD) and post-Diwali month during the period 2006 to 2008. The use of fireworks during DD showed 1.3 to 4.0 times increase in concentration of respirable particulate matter (PM 10) and 1.6 to 2.5 times increase in concentration of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) than the concentration during DM. There was a significant increase in sulfur dioxide (SO 2) concentration but the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) did not show any considerable variation. Ambient noise level were 1.2 to 1.3 times higher than normal day. The study also showed a strong correlation between PM 10 and TSP (R 2 ≥ 0.9) and SO 2 and NO 2 (R 2 ≥ 0.9) on DD. The correlation between noise level and gaseous pollutant were moderate (R 2 ≥ 0.5). The average concentration of the pollutants during DD was found higher in 2007 which could be due to adverse meteorological conditions. The
The highly populated Indian regions are currently in a phase of rapid economic growth resulting i... more The highly populated Indian regions are currently in a phase of rapid economic growth resulting in high emissions of carbonaceous aerosols. This leads to poor air quality and impact on climate. The chemical composition of carbonaceous aerosols has rarely been studied in industrial areas of India. Here, we investigated carbonaceous aerosols in particulate matter (PM) monthly in the industrial area of Delhi in 2011. The concentrations of organic C and elemental C in PM 10 fraction were analyzed. Results show a clear seasonal variability of organic and elemental C. PM 10 ranged 95.9-453.5 lg m-3 , organic C ranged 28.8-159.4 lg m-3 , and elemental C ranged 7.5-44.0 lg m-3 ; those values were higher than reported values. Organic and elemental C were correlated with each other in pre-monsoon and winter seasons, implying the existence of similar emission sources such as coal combustion, biomass burning and vehicular exhaust. The annual average contribution of total carbonaceous aerosols in PM 10 was estimated as 62 %.
Yamuna river pollution has been extensively studied with regard to some selected parameters in fi... more Yamuna river pollution has been extensively studied with regard to some selected parameters in five locations at Palla, Nizamuddin Midstream, Nizamuddin Quarter Stream, Agra Canal Midstream, and Agra Canal Quarter Stream in Delhi, India. Seasonal and location-wise variation of pollutants namely dissolve oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia (AMM), total coliform and fecal coliform were studied for 6 years during the period of 2000-2005. The study results revealed the lowest level of pollution during monsoon. The
At present scenario, estimation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission in the ambient air has becomes a... more At present scenario, estimation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission in the ambient air has becomes a major concern. Emission of GHG has the direct linkage with ambient air pollution and also poses global environmental threats and challenges. Though several scientists are working to mitigate the emission of GHGs but till date no mitigation/management plan has been implemented in global scale. The emission of GHGs are in general from multiple sectors like energy, industry, waste management plant, agricultural sector etc. The major GHGs are methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In the present study GHG (CH4, CO2 and N2O) fluxes have been reviewed from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), constructed wetlands (CWs) and irrigated rice fields (IRF) in India and compared with other countries like Australia, Europe and China. The emission of CH4, CO2 and N2O fluxes from WWTP in Australian condition varied in an average from 0 to 111, 0 to 769 and 0 to 3 ton/year respective...
The present study investigated the carbonaceous aerosol with respect to organic carbon (OC), elem... more The present study investigated the carbonaceous aerosol with respect to organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) in particulate matter (PM10) in indoor environment of cafeteria located at Netaji Subhash Place, one of the hotspot locations for pollution in northwest district of Delhi during 2014–15 winter season. The collections of samples were carried out during the period of three months (December 2014 to February 2015). PM10 samples were collected by APM 800 samplers (Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., India) on Whatman 37 mm microfiber quartz filter papers for 2–3 hourly bases in the dining area of food court. The flow rate varied from 2.4 lpm to 3 lpm during the period of collection of samples. Indoor PM10 concentrations varied from 1830 to 3212 µg/m3. The concentration of OC, EC and TC in PM10 size of particulate matter varied from 54 to 318, 11 to 71 and 70 to 364 µg/m3, respectively. The percentage contribution of OC and EC in TC were varied from 80 to 90% and 10 t...
The variations of carbonaceous aerosols in particulate matter (mostly in PM10 and PM2.5) were rev... more The variations of carbonaceous aerosols in particulate matter (mostly in PM10 and PM2.5) were reviewed in South and East Asia during the period of 2007 to 2014. The selected countries in South and East Asia are Bangladesh, China, India and Nepal. The carbonaceous aerosols consist of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) and combination of two is known as total carbon (TC). Anthropogenic or biogenic sources and atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds and subsequent gas-to-particle conversion processes are the major sources of carbo-naceous aerosols. This paper is reviewed the numerous studies, which were carried out in various hotspot locations (namely residential, industrial, traffic intersections, rural, indoor environment etc) of selected countries in Asian continent. OC/EC ratio in Bangladesh (Dhaka) varied from 0.78 to 1.3. OC/EC ratio in China (Chongqing, Xi'an, Xink-en, Pearl River Delta regions) varied from 1.13 to 6.92. OC/EC ratio in India (Delhi, Ag...
International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2014
Background A study was carried out to classify municipal solid waste (MSW) compost produced in De... more Background A study was carried out to classify municipal solid waste (MSW) compost produced in Delhi, India for their marketability and use in different area with respect to physico-chemical properties, fertilizing and heavy metal polluting potentials. Results The pH of the compost was slightly alkaline (8.4 ± 0.02) and C:N ratio (9.46 ± 0.91) was low as compared to Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) Standard, Government of India, 1985. Sample analysis was carried out using standard methods. The concentrations of some selected heavy metals, e.g., Zn, Cd and Ni were within the permissible limit of FCO standard. However, the concentrations of Cu, Pb and Cr exceeded (66.7 %) the permissible limit of FCO standard. Further, the compost was characterized to know the fertilizing potential and its potential to contaminate the soil. Fertilizing index (FI) was calculated from the values of TOC, TN, TP, TK and C:N ratio and clean index (CI) was also calculated using heavy metal concentrations. FI value of compost was varied from 4.47 to 4.60, whereas CI value of compost was varied from 2.33 to 2.87, respectively. Conclusions The study results indicated that majority of MSW compost produced in Delhi failed to achieve quality control guidelines of FCO standard. The compost has fertilizing potential, however, certain risk to the environment. Hence, the prepared compost in Delhi was not suitable for its intended purpose. Post-treatment of compost is required to improve the quality of compost, which can be utilized for agricultural purposes.
A study was conducted in the residential areas of Delhi, India, to assess the variation in ambien... more A study was conducted in the residential areas of Delhi, India, to assess the variation in ambient air quality and ambient noise levels during pre-Diwali month (DM), Diwali day (DD) and post-Diwali month during the period 2006 to 2008. The use of fireworks during DD showed 1.3 to 4.0 times increase in concentration of respirable particulate matter (PM 10) and 1.6 to 2.5 times increase in concentration of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) than the concentration during DM. There was a significant increase in sulfur dioxide (SO 2) concentration but the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) did not show any considerable variation. Ambient noise level were 1.2 to 1.3 times higher than normal day. The study also showed a strong correlation between PM 10 and TSP (R 2 ≥ 0.9) and SO 2 and NO 2 (R 2 ≥ 0.9) on DD. The correlation between noise level and gaseous pollutant were moderate (R 2 ≥ 0.5). The average concentration of the pollutants during DD was found higher in 2007 which could be due to adverse meteorological conditions. The
The highly populated Indian regions are currently in a phase of rapid economic growth resulting i... more The highly populated Indian regions are currently in a phase of rapid economic growth resulting in high emissions of carbonaceous aerosols. This leads to poor air quality and impact on climate. The chemical composition of carbonaceous aerosols has rarely been studied in industrial areas of India. Here, we investigated carbonaceous aerosols in particulate matter (PM) monthly in the industrial area of Delhi in 2011. The concentrations of organic C and elemental C in PM 10 fraction were analyzed. Results show a clear seasonal variability of organic and elemental C. PM 10 ranged 95.9-453.5 lg m-3 , organic C ranged 28.8-159.4 lg m-3 , and elemental C ranged 7.5-44.0 lg m-3 ; those values were higher than reported values. Organic and elemental C were correlated with each other in pre-monsoon and winter seasons, implying the existence of similar emission sources such as coal combustion, biomass burning and vehicular exhaust. The annual average contribution of total carbonaceous aerosols in PM 10 was estimated as 62 %.
Yamuna river pollution has been extensively studied with regard to some selected parameters in fi... more Yamuna river pollution has been extensively studied with regard to some selected parameters in five locations at Palla, Nizamuddin Midstream, Nizamuddin Quarter Stream, Agra Canal Midstream, and Agra Canal Quarter Stream in Delhi, India. Seasonal and location-wise variation of pollutants namely dissolve oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia (AMM), total coliform and fecal coliform were studied for 6 years during the period of 2000-2005. The study results revealed the lowest level of pollution during monsoon. The
At present scenario, estimation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission in the ambient air has becomes a... more At present scenario, estimation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission in the ambient air has becomes a major concern. Emission of GHG has the direct linkage with ambient air pollution and also poses global environmental threats and challenges. Though several scientists are working to mitigate the emission of GHGs but till date no mitigation/management plan has been implemented in global scale. The emission of GHGs are in general from multiple sectors like energy, industry, waste management plant, agricultural sector etc. The major GHGs are methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In the present study GHG (CH4, CO2 and N2O) fluxes have been reviewed from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), constructed wetlands (CWs) and irrigated rice fields (IRF) in India and compared with other countries like Australia, Europe and China. The emission of CH4, CO2 and N2O fluxes from WWTP in Australian condition varied in an average from 0 to 111, 0 to 769 and 0 to 3 ton/year respective...
The present study investigated the carbonaceous aerosol with respect to organic carbon (OC), elem... more The present study investigated the carbonaceous aerosol with respect to organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) in particulate matter (PM10) in indoor environment of cafeteria located at Netaji Subhash Place, one of the hotspot locations for pollution in northwest district of Delhi during 2014–15 winter season. The collections of samples were carried out during the period of three months (December 2014 to February 2015). PM10 samples were collected by APM 800 samplers (Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., India) on Whatman 37 mm microfiber quartz filter papers for 2–3 hourly bases in the dining area of food court. The flow rate varied from 2.4 lpm to 3 lpm during the period of collection of samples. Indoor PM10 concentrations varied from 1830 to 3212 µg/m3. The concentration of OC, EC and TC in PM10 size of particulate matter varied from 54 to 318, 11 to 71 and 70 to 364 µg/m3, respectively. The percentage contribution of OC and EC in TC were varied from 80 to 90% and 10 t...
Uploads
Papers by Papiya Mandal