DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2021
OBJECTIVE: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the second major contributor to diseas... more OBJECTIVE: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the second major contributor to disease burden in India, courtesy to tobacco use, and air pollution. However, there are not many studies with a nationwide approach. The present paper aims to correlate Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) due to COPD with tobacco use, secondhand smoking, the use of clean fuel, and economic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study adopted an ecological approach. A secondary analysis was carried out on data collected from the National Family Health Survey 4, the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2: India 2016–17, and India: Health of the Nation's States. Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression were used for state-wise analysis. RESULTS: It was found that states with higher COPD burden were confined to North India. Smoking and secondhand smoking had positive relationships with COPD burden. On regression, smokeless tobacco (SLT) was significantly associated with DALY due to COPD. CONCLUSION: States with the highest proportion of SLT need special intervention to reduce COPD burden in the country.
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), the eighth common cause of disability-adjusted life years in Ind... more Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), the eighth common cause of disability-adjusted life years in India, is a major problem for public health. Social factors such as economic condition and smoking have been implicated among the risk factors for TB. This paper reports the role of different sociodemographic factors in deciding the burden of TB in India. Materials and Methods: In an ecological approach, data from major national surveys were analyzed: National Family Health Survey 4, Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2, and India: Health of the Nation’s States. Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression were used for state-wise analysis. Results: North India seems to be the major contributor to the national TB burden. Several factors such as the use of clean fuel, tobacco use, and economic condition were seen to impact TB burden. On multivariate analysis, only clean fuel was found to be significant (r = −0.540, P = 0.002). Conclusion: A multi-pronged approach for appropriate policy decisions for focussing on sociodemographic factors is the need of the hour for reducing the mortality burden due to TB.
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), the eighth common cause of disability-adjusted life years in Ind... more Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), the eighth common cause of disability-adjusted life years in India, is a major problem for public health. Social factors such as economic condition and smoking have been implicated among the risk factors for TB. This paper reports the role of different sociodemographic factors in deciding the burden of TB in India. Materials and Methods: In an ecological approach, data from major national surveys were analyzed: National Family Health Survey 4, Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2, and India: Health of the Nation’s States. Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression were used for state-wise analysis. Results: North India seems to be the major contributor to the national TB burden. Several factors such as the use of clean fuel, tobacco use, and economic condition were seen to impact TB burden. On multivariate analysis, only clean fuel was found to be significant (r = −0.540, P = 0.002). Conclusion: A multi-pronged approach for appropriate policy decisions for focussing on sociodemographic factors is the need of the hour for reducing the mortality burden due to TB.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Bal Swasthya Poshan Mah (BSPM), a government initiative with support from UNICEF, was launched in... more Bal Swasthya Poshan Mah (BSPM), a government initiative with support from UNICEF, was launched in 2003, and was scaled up and implemented across the UP state, including in Meerut. The program has its special focus on referral of undernourished children, bi-annual supplementation of vitamin A, iodized salt consumption, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding. The activities were linked with outreach plans of Auxillary Nurse Midwives [2].
Pediatric patients are referred for multiple reasons, either for better therapeutic services or d... more Pediatric patients are referred for multiple reasons, either for better therapeutic services or diagnostic purposes. The clinical condition of patients at the time of referral can significantly affect the outcome of such patients and there is not much data on this aspect. The overall objective of this study was to study the demographic and clinical profile, the causes for referral, and the outcome of pediatric patients being referred to a single tertiary care hospital. This was a prospective observational study done in the Department of Pediatrics of a single tertiary care hospital in North India over the course of 1 year. Patients referred from other health facilities in the age group 0 to 12 years who were admitted in the pediatric ward of the hospital were enrolled. The primary objective was to study the clinical profile and outcome (mortality) of these patients. The secondary objectives were to study the referral pattern of the referred patients, causes for referral, and the sev...
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2021
Since the onset of the pandemic caused by Covid-19, air pollution has been repeatedly implicated ... more Since the onset of the pandemic caused by Covid-19, air pollution has been repeatedly implicated for a possible role in determining the magnitude of the outbreak. The present paper aims to find out whether such an association exists between air pollution and Covid-19. For examining such a relationship in India, data on air quality parameters (SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10) and Covid-19 from 30 states were considered. The extent of air pollution was seen to influence the pandemic only in certain locations. Future research may consider it as a potential area for quantifying the threshold. The mitigation of the pandemic should incorporate a particular focus on air pollution.
The role of temperature in Covid 19 pandemic has been subjected to frequent review. An effort was... more The role of temperature in Covid 19 pandemic has been subjected to frequent review. An effort was made to find out such relations from three districts in India. Data were analyzed for 14 weeks. It appears that temperature could impact the spread of the pandemic.
Journal of Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, 2021
Introduction: Infant mortality rate (IMR) is considered one of the key indicators of the social a... more Introduction: Infant mortality rate (IMR) is considered one of the key indicators of the social and economical development of a country. Therefore, some sociodemographic indicators were evaluated from eight poorly performing states of India. Materials and Methods: Data from National Family Health Survey 4 (2015-16) were analyzed, using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Female literacy, provision for improved drinking water and sanitation, use of clean fuel for cooking, measles vaccination, the occurrence of diarrhea, and exclusive breastfeeding were taken into account. Rural and urban parts were considered separately. Results: Lower IMR was noted in urban areas in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Urban Odisha recorded better IMR than other units (21/1000 live births). Female literacy (r = −0.558) and improved sanitation (r = −0.555) were significantly related to IMR. In comparison to National Family Health Survey 3 (2005-06), appreciable reduction was noted in IMR in urban Rajast...
Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology, 2018
Objective To correlate and compare clinical diagnosis with histopathological findings and acid-fa... more Objective To correlate and compare clinical diagnosis with histopathological findings and acid-fast bacilli status in different types of leprosy to compare the efficacy of bacillary index in slit-skin smears and bacterial index of granuloma in biopsies for detecting the acid fast bacilli. Methods Detailed history was taken and thorough clinical examination was done. The findings were noted in a predesigned standard format. Slit-skin smear and skin biopsy were performed and evaluated. Subsequently, association was tested between the histopathological findings, bacteriological index and clinical classification. Results Among the 72 study cases, diagnosis of leprosy was corroborated with histopathological and microbiological finding in 78% cases, among which LL (27.8%) constituted the major group, followed by TT (18.1%), BL (15.3%), BT (12.5%) with the least being BB (4.2%). Another 22.2% cases were non-leprosy histopathologically and diagnosed as nonspecific dermatitis (NSD). Conclusi...
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2021
OBJECTIVE: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the second major contributor to diseas... more OBJECTIVE: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the second major contributor to disease burden in India, courtesy to tobacco use, and air pollution. However, there are not many studies with a nationwide approach. The present paper aims to correlate Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) due to COPD with tobacco use, secondhand smoking, the use of clean fuel, and economic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study adopted an ecological approach. A secondary analysis was carried out on data collected from the National Family Health Survey 4, the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2: India 2016–17, and India: Health of the Nation's States. Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression were used for state-wise analysis. RESULTS: It was found that states with higher COPD burden were confined to North India. Smoking and secondhand smoking had positive relationships with COPD burden. On regression, smokeless tobacco (SLT) was significantly associated with DALY due to COPD. CONCLUSION: States with the highest proportion of SLT need special intervention to reduce COPD burden in the country.
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), the eighth common cause of disability-adjusted life years in Ind... more Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), the eighth common cause of disability-adjusted life years in India, is a major problem for public health. Social factors such as economic condition and smoking have been implicated among the risk factors for TB. This paper reports the role of different sociodemographic factors in deciding the burden of TB in India. Materials and Methods: In an ecological approach, data from major national surveys were analyzed: National Family Health Survey 4, Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2, and India: Health of the Nation’s States. Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression were used for state-wise analysis. Results: North India seems to be the major contributor to the national TB burden. Several factors such as the use of clean fuel, tobacco use, and economic condition were seen to impact TB burden. On multivariate analysis, only clean fuel was found to be significant (r = −0.540, P = 0.002). Conclusion: A multi-pronged approach for appropriate policy decisions for focussing on sociodemographic factors is the need of the hour for reducing the mortality burden due to TB.
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), the eighth common cause of disability-adjusted life years in Ind... more Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), the eighth common cause of disability-adjusted life years in India, is a major problem for public health. Social factors such as economic condition and smoking have been implicated among the risk factors for TB. This paper reports the role of different sociodemographic factors in deciding the burden of TB in India. Materials and Methods: In an ecological approach, data from major national surveys were analyzed: National Family Health Survey 4, Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2, and India: Health of the Nation’s States. Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression were used for state-wise analysis. Results: North India seems to be the major contributor to the national TB burden. Several factors such as the use of clean fuel, tobacco use, and economic condition were seen to impact TB burden. On multivariate analysis, only clean fuel was found to be significant (r = −0.540, P = 0.002). Conclusion: A multi-pronged approach for appropriate policy decisions for focussing on sociodemographic factors is the need of the hour for reducing the mortality burden due to TB.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Bal Swasthya Poshan Mah (BSPM), a government initiative with support from UNICEF, was launched in... more Bal Swasthya Poshan Mah (BSPM), a government initiative with support from UNICEF, was launched in 2003, and was scaled up and implemented across the UP state, including in Meerut. The program has its special focus on referral of undernourished children, bi-annual supplementation of vitamin A, iodized salt consumption, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding. The activities were linked with outreach plans of Auxillary Nurse Midwives [2].
Pediatric patients are referred for multiple reasons, either for better therapeutic services or d... more Pediatric patients are referred for multiple reasons, either for better therapeutic services or diagnostic purposes. The clinical condition of patients at the time of referral can significantly affect the outcome of such patients and there is not much data on this aspect. The overall objective of this study was to study the demographic and clinical profile, the causes for referral, and the outcome of pediatric patients being referred to a single tertiary care hospital. This was a prospective observational study done in the Department of Pediatrics of a single tertiary care hospital in North India over the course of 1 year. Patients referred from other health facilities in the age group 0 to 12 years who were admitted in the pediatric ward of the hospital were enrolled. The primary objective was to study the clinical profile and outcome (mortality) of these patients. The secondary objectives were to study the referral pattern of the referred patients, causes for referral, and the sev...
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2021
Since the onset of the pandemic caused by Covid-19, air pollution has been repeatedly implicated ... more Since the onset of the pandemic caused by Covid-19, air pollution has been repeatedly implicated for a possible role in determining the magnitude of the outbreak. The present paper aims to find out whether such an association exists between air pollution and Covid-19. For examining such a relationship in India, data on air quality parameters (SO2, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10) and Covid-19 from 30 states were considered. The extent of air pollution was seen to influence the pandemic only in certain locations. Future research may consider it as a potential area for quantifying the threshold. The mitigation of the pandemic should incorporate a particular focus on air pollution.
The role of temperature in Covid 19 pandemic has been subjected to frequent review. An effort was... more The role of temperature in Covid 19 pandemic has been subjected to frequent review. An effort was made to find out such relations from three districts in India. Data were analyzed for 14 weeks. It appears that temperature could impact the spread of the pandemic.
Journal of Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, 2021
Introduction: Infant mortality rate (IMR) is considered one of the key indicators of the social a... more Introduction: Infant mortality rate (IMR) is considered one of the key indicators of the social and economical development of a country. Therefore, some sociodemographic indicators were evaluated from eight poorly performing states of India. Materials and Methods: Data from National Family Health Survey 4 (2015-16) were analyzed, using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Female literacy, provision for improved drinking water and sanitation, use of clean fuel for cooking, measles vaccination, the occurrence of diarrhea, and exclusive breastfeeding were taken into account. Rural and urban parts were considered separately. Results: Lower IMR was noted in urban areas in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Urban Odisha recorded better IMR than other units (21/1000 live births). Female literacy (r = −0.558) and improved sanitation (r = −0.555) were significantly related to IMR. In comparison to National Family Health Survey 3 (2005-06), appreciable reduction was noted in IMR in urban Rajast...
Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology, 2018
Objective To correlate and compare clinical diagnosis with histopathological findings and acid-fa... more Objective To correlate and compare clinical diagnosis with histopathological findings and acid-fast bacilli status in different types of leprosy to compare the efficacy of bacillary index in slit-skin smears and bacterial index of granuloma in biopsies for detecting the acid fast bacilli. Methods Detailed history was taken and thorough clinical examination was done. The findings were noted in a predesigned standard format. Slit-skin smear and skin biopsy were performed and evaluated. Subsequently, association was tested between the histopathological findings, bacteriological index and clinical classification. Results Among the 72 study cases, diagnosis of leprosy was corroborated with histopathological and microbiological finding in 78% cases, among which LL (27.8%) constituted the major group, followed by TT (18.1%), BL (15.3%), BT (12.5%) with the least being BB (4.2%). Another 22.2% cases were non-leprosy histopathologically and diagnosed as nonspecific dermatitis (NSD). Conclusi...
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