Papers by Mahmood Hossain
Khulna University Studies
Impact of metal pollution has become alarming with the increasing industrialization. Copper is th... more Impact of metal pollution has become alarming with the increasing industrialization. Copper is the most extensively used metal among other heavy metals. Copper and its alloys are being used almost in every industrial activity and also in our daily life. Copper as a micro-nutrient is essential for all living organisms at lower concentration for their optimal growth and development. But, copper in excess amount than required becomes toxic and the impact is more severe to the aquatic environment. In comparison to freshwater fishes and invertebrate, aquatic plants are equally or less sensitive to copper. Surface water systems should be managed and protected from pollution for the protection of fishes, invertebrates and to ensure aquatic plant survivability. Metal uptake rates will vary according to the organisms and the metal forms in the aquatic systems. The mechanisms of copper toxicity and storage are diverse as they vary with organisms and mode of uptake. Slightly elevated copper le...
Khulna University Studies
Heritiera fomes Buch.-Ham. and Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M. Roem. are the two most important ... more Heritiera fomes Buch.-Ham. and Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M. Roem. are the two most important trees of the Sundarbans. Survival and biomass increment, chlorophyll and proline concentration in leaves were investigated in seedlings of the two species grown at different levels of salinity in hydroponic culture. Seedlings were grown at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ppt salinities for 90 days. Significant reduction of chlorophyll concentration was found with increasing salinity for both the species. Total chlorophyll concentration halved for both the species as the salinity was increased from 0 to 35 ppt (0.34 to 0.17 mg/g for H. fomes and 0.07 to 0.03 mg/g for X. moluccensis). In addition, the H. fomes leaves have five times more chlorophyll concentration than X. moluccensis. Proline accumulation in leaves of X. moluccensis was found considerably high compared to H. fomes and increase with salinity for both the species. It was quadrapoled (254 to 1462 µmoles/g) in X. moluccensis an...
Environmental Challenges, 2021
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. and Mangifera indica L. are the common homestead species that are p... more Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. and Mangifera indica L. are the common homestead species that are planted all over Bangladesh for fruit and commercial timber production to meet the local household demand. The allometric biomass model is a non-destructive mathematical tool to estimate the biomass and carbon storage in trees which are applied to estimate the biomass of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Mangifera indica in this study. The total aboveground biomass of sampled trees was calculated from stem volume, wood density, and biomass expansion factor (BEF). Frequently used four linear models (Ln transformed) were tested to derive the best fit allometric model for the total above-ground biomass (TAGB). The best fit model was selected considering the values of R 2 , RSE, AIC, AICw, and CF. The best fit TAGB allometric models of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Mangifera indica were TAGB = exp(− 0.8971 + 1.9908 * Ln (D)) and TAGB = exp(− 0.2272865 + 1.8017 * Ln(D)) respectively. In the case of both species, the best fit TAGB allometric models showed the highest efficiency in biomass estimation compared to the other frequently used regional and pan-tropical models.
iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 2017
Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and Forestry Salinity strongly drives the survival, gr... more Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and Forestry Salinity strongly drives the survival, growth, leaf demography, and nutrient partitioning in seedlings of Xylocarpus granatum J. König Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique (1) , Sanjoy Saha (2) , Serajis Salekin (1) , Hossain Mahmood (1) Salinity is increasing in the Sundarbans (Bangladesh) due to sea-level rise and the reduction of fresh water flow. Xylocarpus granatum is one of the most valuable mangrove tree species of the Sundarbans. We conducted a six-month long study to investigate the effect of salinity on the survival, growth, leaf demography, and nutrient partitioning in parts of X. granatum seedlings. Our results showed that most of the seedlings (90%) survived at 0 to 5 PSU salinity, and this survival percentage was found to decrease at higher saline conditions. Salinity of more than 25 PSU was lethal to the plants as no seedlings survived under these conditions. In this salinity (25 PSU), accelerated leaf fall coupled with a reduction in the new leaves caused loss of leaves. The relative growth rate (RGR) was higher at 0 to 5 PSU salinity, and conversely, a lower growth rate was observed with increased salinity. Higher saline conditions created stress, which inhibited nutrient (N, P and K) accumulation in different parts (leaf, stem, bark and root) of the seedlings. We concluded that salinity is a critical factor for the growth and survival of X. granatum either by inhibiting plant nutrient uptake or due to salinity related toxicity.
iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 2019
Mofizul IK Forhad (5) , Mariam Akhter (4-6) , Zaheer Iqbal (4) , Falgoonee Kumar Mondol (6) Allom... more Mofizul IK Forhad (5) , Mariam Akhter (4-6) , Zaheer Iqbal (4) , Falgoonee Kumar Mondol (6) Allometric models are commonly used to estimate biomass, nutrients and carbon stocks in trees, and contribute to an understanding of forest status and resource dynamics. The selection of appropriate and robust models, therefore, have considerable influence on the accuracy of estimates obtained. Allometric models can be developed for individual species or to represent a community or bioregion. In Bangladesh, the nation forest inventory classifies tree and forest resources into five zones (Sal, Hill, Coastal, Sundarbans and Village), based on their floristic composition and soil type. This study has developed allometric biomass models for multi-species of the Sal zone. The forest of Sal zone is dominated by Shorea robusta Roth. The study also investigates the concentrations of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Carbon in different tree components. A total of 161 individual trees from 20 different species were harvested across a range of tree size classes. Diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (H) and wood density (WD) were considered as predictor variables, while total above-ground biomass (TAGB), stem, bark, branch and leaf biomass were the output variables of the allometric models. The best fit allometric biomass model for TAGB, stem, bark, branch and leaf were: ln (TAGB) =-2.460 + 2.171 ln (DBH) + 0.367 ln (H) + 0.161 ln (WD); ln (Stem) =-3.373 + 1.934 ln (DBH) + 0.833 ln (H) + 0.452 ln (WD); ln (Bark) =-5.87 + 2.103 ln (DBH) + 0.926 ln (H) + 0.587 ln (WD); ln (Branch) =-3.154 + 2.798 ln (DBH)-0.729 ln (H)-0.355 ln (WD); and ln (Leaf) =-4.713 + 2.066 ln (DBH), respectively. Nutrients and carbon concentration in tree components varied according to tree species and component. A comparison to frequently used regional and pantropical biomass models showed a wide range of model prediction error (35.48 to 85.51%) when the observed TAGB of sampled trees were compared with the estimated TAGB of the models developed in this study. The improved accuracy of the best fit model obtained in this study can therefore be used for more accurate estimation of TAGB and carbon and nutrients in TAGB for the Sal zone of Bangladesh.
Global Journal Of Botanical Science, 2016
Millettia pinnata is a mangrove associates and found to occur in the Sundarbans mangrove forest o... more Millettia pinnata is a mangrove associates and found to occur in the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh. We have examined the effect of salinity on seed germination of this species. Seed germination experiment was conducted with different salinity levels (0 to 35 ppt) at 5 ppt interval. Throughout the experiment Cumulative Germination Percentage (CGP) varied from 73.89% to 27.78% among 0 to 10 ppt and from 17.22% to 4.44% between 15 to 20 ppt salinity. Final germination percentage (FGP) of M. pinnatta seeds varied significantly (p<0.05) among saline treatments and comparatively higher (73.89%) final germination percentage was observed at non saline condition (0 ppt) and germination percentage was sharply decreased to 32.78% and 22.78% for salinity of 5 and 15 ppt salinity respectively, but no germination was observed for higher salinity levels (25 to 35 ppt). Germination Initiation Time (GIT) of seeds varied significantly (p<0.05) among salinity levels. GIT was the lowest (5 days) at 0 ppt and highest (10 days) at 20 ppt salinity level. Mean Germination Time (MGT) of seeds didn't vary significantly (p>0.05) among salinity levels. MGT was the lowest (9 days) at 0 ppt and highest (12 days) at 20 ppt salinity level. Germination Index of seeds varied significantly (p<0.05) among salinity levels. GI was the highest (2.60 seed/day) at 0 ppt and lowest (0.12 seed/day) at 20 ppt salinity level. Germination value (GV) of seeds varied significantly (p<0.05) among salinity levels. GV was the highest (30.90%/day 2) at 0 ppt and lowest (0.15%/day 2) at 20 ppt salinity level. Therefore, we concluded that the salinity is a critical factor for germination of seed and it reduces germination success with increasing salinity either by inhibiting water absorption or by creating ion toxicity on seed.
Forest Ecosystems, 2021
Background National forest inventory and forest monitoring systems are more important than ever c... more Background National forest inventory and forest monitoring systems are more important than ever considering continued global degradation of trees and forests. These systems are especially important in a country like Bangladesh, which is characterised by a large population density, climate change vulnerability and dependence on natural resources. With the aim of supporting the Government’s actions towards sustainable forest management through reliable information, the Bangladesh Forest Inventory (BFI) was designed and implemented through three components: biophysical inventory, socio-economic survey and remote sensing-based land cover mapping. This article documents the approach undertaken by the Forest Department under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change to establish the BFI as a multipurpose, efficient, accurate and replicable national forest assessment. The design, operationalization and some key results of the process are presented. Methods The BFI takes advan...
Environmental Challenges, 2021
The Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh are located in the forest areas of the Cox's Bazar South... more The Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh are located in the forest areas of the Cox's Bazar South Forest Division. The construction of refugee camps has caused detrimental changes in the natural vegetation and soil quality of the campsites. The objectives of this study were to develop a database on the soil quality of the block plantation sites and to prescribe native species for plantation and site quality improvement. A total of 204 soil samples from 34 sites of block plantations and control-denuded hill sites were collected from the refugee camps. Soil physical properties (depth of humus layer, bulk density, soil texture) and chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, and nutrients (N, P, and K) of the collected samples were measured. Depth of soil humus layer was varied from 0.6 to 2.5 cm and only 4% sampling points possessed the humus layer. Comparatively (p < 0.05) higher bulk density (1.64 g/cm 3) was observed for the control-denuded sites. Soil EC found to vary significantly (p < 0.05) among the plantations types and the control-denuded hill sites. Comparatively lower concentration of soil organic carbon and nutrients (N, P, and K) were observed for the control-denuded hill sites. While comparatively higher stocks of carbon and nutrients were observed for block plantations without terraces. This study has prescribed 40 native tree species for plantation in the campsites. However, periodic monitoring of the soil quality properties and carbon stock and sequestration are at a time interval are needed to track the restoration performance of the studied areas.
Heliyon, 2019
Southern coastal people of Bangladesh are highly vulnerable to food insecurity and malnutrition d... more Southern coastal people of Bangladesh are highly vulnerable to food insecurity and malnutrition due to coastal flooding, deforestation and increased soil salinity. A number of green leafy vegetables are found in the southern coastal belt being traditionally eaten as daily basis by local people. But they are unaware of nutritional and medicinal use of these vegetables. To contribute to their wider utilization, five common vegetables namely Hibiscus sabdariffa, Trianthema portulacastrum, Diplazium esculentum, Heliotropium indicum L. and Hygrophila auriculata were selected for analysis of nutritional proximate, micronutrients and antioxidant potential. Nutritional properties were analyzed in terms of moisture, pH, protein, lipid, ash, fibre, minerals and carbohydrate. Total flavonoid, tannin and antioxidant capacity were evaluated using established protocols. The results demonstrated that collected plants are rich in carbohydrate, fibre, proteins, moisture and ash content but low in lipid content. The mineral elements were high with remarkable amount of Na (19.9-21.5 mg/gm), K (7.9-13.5 mg/gm) and P (1.0-1.8 mg/gm). All the samples were found to have considerable amount of flavonoid (90.6-144.5 mg QE/gm) and tannin content (26.8-57.2 mg GAE/gm). The IC 50 value of DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging was the lowest for H. indicum (37.1 and 83.4 μg/ml, respectively) whereas T. portulacastrum possessed high reducing power (IC 50 53.7 μg/ml). Among the five investigated species, T. portulacastrum and H. indicum were found to have good nutritional and antioxidant properties, thus can be promoted as a significant source of nutritional and antioxidant food supplements.
Forest Ecology and Management, 2008
The net primary productivity of Bruguiera parviflora dominated mangrove forest at Kuala Selangor,... more The net primary productivity of Bruguiera parviflora dominated mangrove forest at Kuala Selangor, Malaysia was estimated from the average yearly biomass increment and litter production. The average yearly biomass increment in saplings and trees was 0.58 and 16.51 t ha−1, respectively, and the annual amount of total litter production was 10.35 t ha−1. The biomass increment in saplings and trees was not significantly different (t-test, p > 0.05) in 2 successive years and the estimated net primary productivity was 27.44 t ha−1 year−1. The ratio (2.65:1) of net primary productivity and litterfall suggests that this mangrove forest is at a juvenile stage.
Nine, 2002
1*Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline Khulna University, Khulna -9208, Bangladesh Tel: 880-41... more 1*Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline Khulna University, Khulna -9208, Bangladesh Tel: 880-41-721791 Ext: 228 Fax: 880-41-731244 E-mail: [email protected] ... 2Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 3Faculty of Science and ...
The biological cycling of micro-nutrients (Cu, Fe and Zn) was studied at the Kuala Selangor Natur... more The biological cycling of micro-nutrients (Cu, Fe and Zn) was studied at the Kuala Selangor Nature Park mangrove forest, Malaysia. The total stock of Cu, Fe and Zn in standing biomass of Bruguiera parviflora saplings and trees was 1195.38 g ha -1 , 87962.30 g ha -1 and 2295.02 g ha -1 , respectively. The annual accumulation of Cu, Fe and Zn in plant components was 125.44 g ha -1 , 10073.63 g ha -1 and 238.55 g ha -1 , and the annual return was 79.80 g ha -1 , 790.29 g ha -1 and 178.15 g ha -1 . The calculated turnover period and absorption coefficients of Cu Fe and Zn were 15 yr, 111 yr and 13 yr; and 0.006, 0.001 and 0.003, respectively. The sequences of absorption coefficient and utilization coefficient were Cu>Zn>Fe and Zn>Cu>Fe, respectively.
Agriculture and Forestry, 2014
Cropland agro forestry is an important production system in southwestern Bangladesh.
Journal of Sustainable Forestry
ABSTRACT Aquilaria malaccensis: Lam. is an important commercial tree species of Bangladesh. This ... more ABSTRACT Aquilaria malaccensis: Lam. is an important commercial tree species of Bangladesh. This species is widely planted for the increased demand for an essential oil locally knows as “Agar”. A nondestructive method was adopted to derive the allometric biomass model for A. malaccensis. Stem volume of 254 trees and the model of biomass expansion factor (BEF) were used to estimate the total above-ground biomass (TAGB). A total of five allometric equations with natural logarithm were tested to derive best-fit biomass models for crown, stem, and total above-ground biomass (TAGB). The best-fit allometric model was selected based on the lowest value of akaike information criteria (AIC), residual standard error (RSE), and the highest value of the coefficient of determination (R2) and akaike information criteria weighted (AICw). The best-fit model of BEF was BEF = exp(2.112318 – (DBH*TH)^0.1066121). The best-fit allometric biomass models for crown, stem and TAGB were crown biomass = exp(−0.6031 + 0.4279*Ln(DBH^2*TH), steam biomass = exp(−3.2483 + 1.7910*Ln(DBH) + 0.7881*Ln(TH) and TAGB = exp(−1.9121 + 1.5937*Ln(DBH) + 0.6152*Ln(TH). The best-fit TAGB model showed the highest efficiency in biomass estimation compared to commonly used pan-tropical biomass models in terms of model prediction error (MPE), model efficiency (ME).
Small-scale Forestry
The Sundarbans is a protected forest ecosystem in Bangladesh. A large number of people depend on ... more The Sundarbans is a protected forest ecosystem in Bangladesh. A large number of people depend on this forest for their livelihoods and income. Many farmers in the region are now adopting fish farming-specifically, aquasilviculture (multi-purpose production system that allows production of fish and perennial plants mostly trees), one of the most profitable agroforestry systems in many countries. The present study aimed to study the status, benefits, and farmers' perceptions of and attitudes towards the practice of aquasilviculture in the periphery of the Sundarbans. It was conducted in the Shyamnagar upazilla (administrative district) in the southwestern part of Bangladesh, which is recognized as the most vulnerable upazilla on the coast. About 10% of the area's shrimp farms were randomly selected and their farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Most farmers (87%) had a positive attitude toward and clear perception of aquasilviculture practices. Farmers also perceived that trees helped increase their income and provide sources of fuelwood, timber, and fodder for their livestock. The respondents mainly preferred to plant Albizia procera, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Psidium guajava, Excoecaria agallocha, and Avicennia officinalis on the dikes of fishponds. Farmers considered increased levels of salinity in water and soils, lack of access to capital, and inadequate technical assistance the main barriers to the practice of aquasilviculture in the region. Aquasilviculture could be an environmentally friendly and climatesmart aquaculture practice in the area, one that increases green coverage on fishponds' dikes while also improving the livelihoods of local farmers.
Forest Ecology and Management, 2008
The net primary productivity of Bruguiera parviflora dominated mangrove forest at Kuala Selangor,... more The net primary productivity of Bruguiera parviflora dominated mangrove forest at Kuala Selangor, Malaysia was estimated from the average yearly biomass increment and litter production. The average yearly biomass increment in saplings and trees was 0.58 and 16.51 t ha−1, respectively, and the annual amount of total litter production was 10.35 t ha−1. The biomass increment in saplings and trees was not significantly different (t-test, p > 0.05) in 2 successive years and the estimated net primary productivity was 27.44 t ha−1 year−1. The ratio (2.65:1) of net primary productivity and litterfall suggests that this mangrove forest is at a juvenile stage.
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Papers by Mahmood Hossain