Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1995
This communication presents the first records of mated female Loligo gahi in Falkland Island wate... more This communication presents the first records of mated female Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters. In October 1993 fully mature mated female L. gahi were identified in samples taken from the commercial fishery in waters east of Lively Island, East Falkland, at depths of 145–174 m. Spermatophores were found in both the mantle cavity and buccal sites of deposition. These records, combined with past records of spent females, suggest spawning periods in late October/early November and April/May. These concur with two of the three periods of spawning suggested from previous studies of juvenile and adult L. gahi.
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1997
A detailed analysis of beak length to body length and weight measurements was carried out for the... more A detailed analysis of beak length to body length and weight measurements was carried out for the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens, in the Falkland Islands region of the South Atlantic. Lower and upper rostral lengths were both good predictors of mantle length and body weight. In addition, the relationships of freshly dissected beaks to mantle length and body weight were significantly different to those of beaks dried before measuring, with dried beaks being better predictors of both variables.A considerable amount of information on Southern Ocean squid biology has been obtained from analysis of beaks in the stomach contents of predators (Clarke, 1980,1983). Beak analysis can be particularly useful as it provides information on the species preyed upon as well as estimates of squid size and biomass ingested (Clarke, 1983, 1986).
Sectioned otoliths were used to estimate the age of 29 specimens of the smooth oreo (Pseudocyttus... more Sectioned otoliths were used to estimate the age of 29 specimens of the smooth oreo (Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist 1906) from the Falkland Islands region of the South Atlantic. This represents the ®rst ageing study of this species in this region of the world. All specimens were immature (sub-adults), the largest having a maximum total length of 347 mm. Growth increments were observed in sectioned otoliths and assumed to be annual in periodicity. The maximum age estimate of individuals in this study was 20 years and the form of somatic growth was similar to previous research on this species from Australian waters. The otolith microstructure consisted of an inner, mostly opaque zone with wide increments followed by an outer, mostly translucent zone with narrower increments. It is suggested that these zones correspond to the two growth phases in the life history of this species, namely the pelagic juvenile phase (opaque zone) and the demersal subadult/adult phase (translucent zone).
The distribution and abundance of the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens were assessed for th... more The distribution and abundance of the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens were assessed for the Patagonian Shelf in the Falkland Islands region. Catch records from the commercial ®shery and a research cruise were recorded from 1988 to 1996. Sampling included benthic, pelagic and semi-pelagic trawls and jigging. Moroteuthis ingens was recorded from 1,414 stations out of a total of 9,060 stations with 79.9% of all positive stations being from benthic trawls. Catch size ranged up to approximately 3,000 kg. The length frequency analysis and maturity indices suggested a major recruitment onto the shelf in September with a movement o the shelf during winter. There appears to be a lack of mature females on the Patagonian Shelf, indicating that females migrate into deeper oshore water to spawn. Observations of predation on Moroteuthis ingens on the Patagonian Shelf, along with a literature review, revealed that at least 4 mammal, 17 bird and 13 ®sh species prey on this squid.
The diet of the large pelagic fish, the southern opah Lampris immaculatus was examined along the ... more The diet of the large pelagic fish, the southern opah Lampris immaculatus was examined along the Patagonian Shelf in the Falkland Islands region. Stomachs were available for 69 fish collected in 1993 and 1994. Surprisingly, this fish had a relatively narrow range of prey items. The single most frequent prey item was the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens (predominantly juveniles) which was eaten by 93% of the fish. The other important prey were the loliginid squid Loligo gahi, the myctophid fish Gymnoscopelus nicholsi and the southern blue whiting Micromesistius australis. There was no evidence of larger individuals of L. immaculatus ingesting larger individuals of any of the 4 main prey species. An unexpected finding was the relatively high incidence of plastic ingestion (14% of fish). The plastic came from a variety of sources including food, napkin and cigarette wrappers and various pieces of plastic line and straps used in securing boxes. In several instances, there was evidence of feeding on fishing boat discards. The findings reveal a significant impact of plastic pollution in this region of the Southwest Atlantic.
Records of demersal deep-sea fish assemblages in waters around the Falkland Islands (Patagonian s... more Records of demersal deep-sea fish assemblages in waters around the Falkland Islands (Patagonian shelf area) are rare. Twenty deep-water stations to the east and south of the Falkland Islands were sampled by commercial bottom trawl deployed in upper, middle and lower benthopelagic zones (depth range of approximately 500-1000 m). Forty-one species (22 families) of teleost fish were recorded, 10 species (two families) of elasmobranch and one species of agnathan. Different assemblages of fish were found lo characterize each depth zone (e.g. Moridae in deeper waters, Bothidae and Rajidae in shallower waters), with diversity being greatest in the mid-zone and biomass greatest in the upper and lower zones. Some species occurred in all zones but showed depth-related abundance. Four species, namely the grenadiers Mucrourtis carinutus and Coelorlynchus frrsciutus, the southern blue whiting Micromesistius austrulis, and the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoidcs, accounted for 85% by weight of all fish caught. Quantitative sampling of selected species revealed depth-related variations in their population structure. Length-frequency analyses are presented for M. curinutus and D. &ginoid<~s and show a tendency for larger individuals to inhabit deeper water. Discard rates from the commercial catch were sometimes high, particularly for the smaller species, raising concerns about the impact of a fishery on by-catch species. The potential for deep-sea fisheries in Falkland waters is discussed and further studies are suggested in the light of developing oil, gas and fishing industries. The presence of some invertebrate taxa is recorded. 'V> 1996 The Fisheries Society of the British Ides
Two species of the family Bothidae (lefteye flounders), Mancopsetfa maculatu mut.thtu and M. inil... more Two species of the family Bothidae (lefteye flounders), Mancopsetfa maculatu mut.thtu and M. inilfbvdi occur in the southwest Atlantic but are caught rarely by commercial bottom trawlers. Little is therefore known about their general biology from this area. A total of 251 M. muculutu and 276 M. milfordi were sampled during deep-water exploratory fishing conducted in November 1994 within the Falkland Islands Interim and Outer Conservation Zones, at depths of 400-1000 m, using standard commercial bottom trawling gear. The two species were found to have similar geographical distributions between 48"30'-53"30' S and 55"-62" W and were often obtained at the same stations in depths of 400-900m on the continental slope. Mancopsrtta maculata muculutu showed a uni-modal cohort structure with a modal length at the 29-cm total length size-class. Males of M. m. rnaculufa outnumbered females in a ratio of 3.5 : 1. Mancopsettu rnilfordi showed a tri-modal length distribution, the main mode at the 37-cm total length size-class, with females outnumbering males in a ratio of 1.i : 1. Lengthweight relationships and length-at-age information are presented for the two species. Diet was determined from the analysis of stomach contents and, although the major prey type for both species consisted of crustaceans, the morid fish Austrophycis murginuta also formed an important part of the diet of M. milfordi.
The teaching of entrepreneurship as an academic subject, as opposed to the apprenticeship route, ... more The teaching of entrepreneurship as an academic subject, as opposed to the apprenticeship route, is the subject of ongoing debate. The authors suggest that there is a middle road and that, by integrating the business world into teaching in a significant way, the best of both approaches can be achieved. In a similar vein, the credibility of some university interaction with small business has been called into question. The authors discuss how they have used the role of ‘entrepreneur in residence’ (EIR) to integrate and improve research, teaching and academic-business interaction. The paper describes the experiences of the EIR hosted at Lancaster University Management School's Institute for Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development (IEED) in the UK and examines the outcomes of his work and his perceptions of university life; how his presence challenged internal thinking; and how his fellowship led to service innovation in the host organization. Other formalized EIR activities wit...
ABSTRACT: The diet of the large pelagic fish, the southern opah Lampris immaculatus was examined ... more ABSTRACT: The diet of the large pelagic fish, the southern opah Lampris immaculatus was examined along the Patagonian Shelf in the Falkland Islands region. Stomachs were available for 69 fish collected in 1993 and 1994. Surprisingly, this fish had a relatively ...
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1995
This communication presents the first records of mated female Loligo gahi in Falkland Island wate... more This communication presents the first records of mated female Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters. In October 1993 fully mature mated female L. gahi were identified in samples taken from the commercial fishery in waters east of Lively Island, East Falkland, at depths of 145–174 m. Spermatophores were found in both the mantle cavity and buccal sites of deposition. These records, combined with past records of spent females, suggest spawning periods in late October/early November and April/May. These concur with two of the three periods of spawning suggested from previous studies of juvenile and adult L. gahi.
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1997
A detailed analysis of beak length to body length and weight measurements was carried out for the... more A detailed analysis of beak length to body length and weight measurements was carried out for the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens, in the Falkland Islands region of the South Atlantic. Lower and upper rostral lengths were both good predictors of mantle length and body weight. In addition, the relationships of freshly dissected beaks to mantle length and body weight were significantly different to those of beaks dried before measuring, with dried beaks being better predictors of both variables.A considerable amount of information on Southern Ocean squid biology has been obtained from analysis of beaks in the stomach contents of predators (Clarke, 1980,1983). Beak analysis can be particularly useful as it provides information on the species preyed upon as well as estimates of squid size and biomass ingested (Clarke, 1983, 1986).
Sectioned otoliths were used to estimate the age of 29 specimens of the smooth oreo (Pseudocyttus... more Sectioned otoliths were used to estimate the age of 29 specimens of the smooth oreo (Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist 1906) from the Falkland Islands region of the South Atlantic. This represents the ®rst ageing study of this species in this region of the world. All specimens were immature (sub-adults), the largest having a maximum total length of 347 mm. Growth increments were observed in sectioned otoliths and assumed to be annual in periodicity. The maximum age estimate of individuals in this study was 20 years and the form of somatic growth was similar to previous research on this species from Australian waters. The otolith microstructure consisted of an inner, mostly opaque zone with wide increments followed by an outer, mostly translucent zone with narrower increments. It is suggested that these zones correspond to the two growth phases in the life history of this species, namely the pelagic juvenile phase (opaque zone) and the demersal subadult/adult phase (translucent zone).
The distribution and abundance of the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens were assessed for th... more The distribution and abundance of the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens were assessed for the Patagonian Shelf in the Falkland Islands region. Catch records from the commercial ®shery and a research cruise were recorded from 1988 to 1996. Sampling included benthic, pelagic and semi-pelagic trawls and jigging. Moroteuthis ingens was recorded from 1,414 stations out of a total of 9,060 stations with 79.9% of all positive stations being from benthic trawls. Catch size ranged up to approximately 3,000 kg. The length frequency analysis and maturity indices suggested a major recruitment onto the shelf in September with a movement o the shelf during winter. There appears to be a lack of mature females on the Patagonian Shelf, indicating that females migrate into deeper oshore water to spawn. Observations of predation on Moroteuthis ingens on the Patagonian Shelf, along with a literature review, revealed that at least 4 mammal, 17 bird and 13 ®sh species prey on this squid.
The diet of the large pelagic fish, the southern opah Lampris immaculatus was examined along the ... more The diet of the large pelagic fish, the southern opah Lampris immaculatus was examined along the Patagonian Shelf in the Falkland Islands region. Stomachs were available for 69 fish collected in 1993 and 1994. Surprisingly, this fish had a relatively narrow range of prey items. The single most frequent prey item was the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens (predominantly juveniles) which was eaten by 93% of the fish. The other important prey were the loliginid squid Loligo gahi, the myctophid fish Gymnoscopelus nicholsi and the southern blue whiting Micromesistius australis. There was no evidence of larger individuals of L. immaculatus ingesting larger individuals of any of the 4 main prey species. An unexpected finding was the relatively high incidence of plastic ingestion (14% of fish). The plastic came from a variety of sources including food, napkin and cigarette wrappers and various pieces of plastic line and straps used in securing boxes. In several instances, there was evidence of feeding on fishing boat discards. The findings reveal a significant impact of plastic pollution in this region of the Southwest Atlantic.
Records of demersal deep-sea fish assemblages in waters around the Falkland Islands (Patagonian s... more Records of demersal deep-sea fish assemblages in waters around the Falkland Islands (Patagonian shelf area) are rare. Twenty deep-water stations to the east and south of the Falkland Islands were sampled by commercial bottom trawl deployed in upper, middle and lower benthopelagic zones (depth range of approximately 500-1000 m). Forty-one species (22 families) of teleost fish were recorded, 10 species (two families) of elasmobranch and one species of agnathan. Different assemblages of fish were found lo characterize each depth zone (e.g. Moridae in deeper waters, Bothidae and Rajidae in shallower waters), with diversity being greatest in the mid-zone and biomass greatest in the upper and lower zones. Some species occurred in all zones but showed depth-related abundance. Four species, namely the grenadiers Mucrourtis carinutus and Coelorlynchus frrsciutus, the southern blue whiting Micromesistius austrulis, and the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoidcs, accounted for 85% by weight of all fish caught. Quantitative sampling of selected species revealed depth-related variations in their population structure. Length-frequency analyses are presented for M. curinutus and D. &ginoid<~s and show a tendency for larger individuals to inhabit deeper water. Discard rates from the commercial catch were sometimes high, particularly for the smaller species, raising concerns about the impact of a fishery on by-catch species. The potential for deep-sea fisheries in Falkland waters is discussed and further studies are suggested in the light of developing oil, gas and fishing industries. The presence of some invertebrate taxa is recorded. 'V> 1996 The Fisheries Society of the British Ides
Two species of the family Bothidae (lefteye flounders), Mancopsetfa maculatu mut.thtu and M. inil... more Two species of the family Bothidae (lefteye flounders), Mancopsetfa maculatu mut.thtu and M. inilfbvdi occur in the southwest Atlantic but are caught rarely by commercial bottom trawlers. Little is therefore known about their general biology from this area. A total of 251 M. muculutu and 276 M. milfordi were sampled during deep-water exploratory fishing conducted in November 1994 within the Falkland Islands Interim and Outer Conservation Zones, at depths of 400-1000 m, using standard commercial bottom trawling gear. The two species were found to have similar geographical distributions between 48"30'-53"30' S and 55"-62" W and were often obtained at the same stations in depths of 400-900m on the continental slope. Mancopsrtta maculata muculutu showed a uni-modal cohort structure with a modal length at the 29-cm total length size-class. Males of M. m. rnaculufa outnumbered females in a ratio of 3.5 : 1. Mancopsettu rnilfordi showed a tri-modal length distribution, the main mode at the 37-cm total length size-class, with females outnumbering males in a ratio of 1.i : 1. Lengthweight relationships and length-at-age information are presented for the two species. Diet was determined from the analysis of stomach contents and, although the major prey type for both species consisted of crustaceans, the morid fish Austrophycis murginuta also formed an important part of the diet of M. milfordi.
The teaching of entrepreneurship as an academic subject, as opposed to the apprenticeship route, ... more The teaching of entrepreneurship as an academic subject, as opposed to the apprenticeship route, is the subject of ongoing debate. The authors suggest that there is a middle road and that, by integrating the business world into teaching in a significant way, the best of both approaches can be achieved. In a similar vein, the credibility of some university interaction with small business has been called into question. The authors discuss how they have used the role of ‘entrepreneur in residence’ (EIR) to integrate and improve research, teaching and academic-business interaction. The paper describes the experiences of the EIR hosted at Lancaster University Management School's Institute for Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development (IEED) in the UK and examines the outcomes of his work and his perceptions of university life; how his presence challenged internal thinking; and how his fellowship led to service innovation in the host organization. Other formalized EIR activities wit...
ABSTRACT: The diet of the large pelagic fish, the southern opah Lampris immaculatus was examined ... more ABSTRACT: The diet of the large pelagic fish, the southern opah Lampris immaculatus was examined along the Patagonian Shelf in the Falkland Islands region. Stomachs were available for 69 fish collected in 1993 and 1994. Surprisingly, this fish had a relatively ...
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