Fried foods occupy a large portion of the fast-food market. However, growing consumer health awar... more Fried foods occupy a large portion of the fast-food market. However, growing consumer health awareness is driving research to minimize the oil content of products. The use of specific barriers such as hydrocolloid coatings can avoid high oil absorption. Herein, the physicochemical characteristics of banana fruit cultivars and the effects of hydrocolloid coatings on the quality attributes of banana chips were evaluated. The unripe fruits were analyzed for length, diameter, mass, pulp/peel ratio, firmness, and color. The pulps were analyzed for moisture, total and reducing sugars, crude fat, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and maturation index. Pulp slices were coated before frying with four hydrocolloid solutions: guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, and maltodextrin. The fruits of the cultivar BRS Platina were larger, with a more yellowish pulp and those of FHIA 18 had smaller lengths and diameters. After frying, higher moisture losses were observed in th...
Due to the high perishability of figs, calcium stands out as an important nutrient for orchard ma... more Due to the high perishability of figs, calcium stands out as an important nutrient for orchard management. This study aims to study the pre-harvest applications of calcium chloride in fig orchards. The fig trees were sprayed with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% CaCl2, and fruits were thereafter stored for 0, 7, 14 and 21 d. The variables analysed were the concentration of calcium in leaves and fruits, weight loss, fruit decay, pectinolytic enzyme activity, and physical and chemical attributes of the fruits; CaCl2 sprays enhanced fruit Ca2+ concentration in leaves (14.03%) and fruits (29.3%) and were effective in reducing polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activity, weight loss and fruit decay. Pre-treatment with 1% CaCl2 provided fruits with larger diameters, greater firmness, and higher levels of total phenolic compounds in both fruit peel and pulp. The pre-harvest application at 1% CaCl2 showed to be a promising technique in producing high quality fruits and extended storage by...
Quality attributes of fruits such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, maturity indices, fi... more Quality attributes of fruits such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, maturity indices, firmness, skin colour and sugar content should support choosing the choice of the most appropriate stage to harvest bananas. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the optimal harvest stage of different cultivars according to five fruit diameters. Through a randomized block design with 4 replicates, the following variables were evaluated such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, maturity index, firmness, fruit peel colour and sugar content on the cultivars Prata-Anã, Maçã, FHIA 18, Grand Naine and Nanicão IAC 2001. Fruits from the second bunch of banana bundle were harvested when they reached the diameters of 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 mm. Results showed that the harvest stages (i.e. banana fruit diameters) affect the fruit quality attributes among cultivars; thus, it is recommended to harvest the fruits of ‘FHIA 18’ with 34, 36 or 38 mm in diameters; Grand Naine with 38 or 40 mm; ‘Maçã’...
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Our study was based on the fact that physiological changes in the plant resulting from the growth... more Our study was based on the fact that physiological changes in the plant resulting from the growth conditions alter the properties of the starch. An experimental trial was installed with cassava plants in poor phosphorus soil. A part of plants received phosphate fertilization at a level three times higher than the recommended dose, in order to provide high availability of phosphorus in the soil. The plants grew for two years and the starches were isolated at three times in the second vegetative cycle. The starches had A-type X-ray pattern. Starches isolated from cassava plants grown in soils with high phosphorus had increases of more than 100% in the content of bound phosphorus, which caused changes in the size of the granules, amylose, swelling power, solubility, pasting and thermal properties. These results indicate possibilities of increasing the commercial value of native cassava starch due to the expansion of use, considering the range of uses of phosphate starches for food and non-food purposes.
The cultivar Sanguínea de Mombuca (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) bears lycopene-rich fruits with a... more The cultivar Sanguínea de Mombuca (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) bears lycopene-rich fruits with attractive red pulp and high nutritional value; thus, this cultivar has the potential to diversify orchards for the production of fruits for natural consumption and juice. Therefore, studies on the productive performance in combination with rootstocks are required. This study evaluated the phenological cycles, yield, ripening curve, and fruit quality of this cultivar grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo. The study was conducted in the Midwest of the state of São Paulo, in the subtropical region of southeastern Brazil, and the field experiment was performed over two consecutive seasons. Rootstocks had little effect on the duration of the phenological cycles. The fruit ripening curve predicted the time of harvest as approximately 240 days after anthesis, regardless of rootstock. Fruits harvested from trees grafted onto ‘Swingle’ citrumelo showed higher levels of soluble solid...
The fig fruits have problems with their post-harvest shelf-life, due to the fact that the fruit i... more The fig fruits have problems with their post-harvest shelf-life, due to the fact that the fruit is climacteric and it has high perishability. Faced with this issue, this paper objective was to evaluate the use of calcium chloride in the post-harvest period of Roxo de Valinhos fruits. The fruits were harvested from an experimental orchard and sent to the horticulture department, where they were treated with different concentrations of CaCl2 (0, 1, 2, and 3%), using the dipping method. The fruits were stored in cold chamber (5±1oC and 80± 5% RH), packed with polystyrene trays and covered with PVC film. Evaluations were realized at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after storage, when were observed the following characteristics: firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturation index and sugar content. The weight loss percentage was also evaluated every 2 days until the 20th day of storage. Calcium chloride applications on the post-harvest period of fig fruits promoted few chang...
Sour cassava starch (SCS) is naturally modified through the joint action of anaerobic fermentatio... more Sour cassava starch (SCS) is naturally modified through the joint action of anaerobic fermentation and sundrying, but there appears be an immense variety in the quality of commercial SCS. The present study aimed to produce cassava starch with high expansion property (PCMS). After the establishment of the production conditions, PCMS was compared to commercial starches in terms of specific volume, carbonyl and carboxyl content, thermal and paste properties, as well as, about its use for the production of cheese bread. In order to obtain PCMS, a 5 × 5 factorial design was set to determine lactic acid concentrations and exposure times to UV-C irradiation. The optimal conditions for photo-modification were 20 g/kg of lactic acid concentration and exposure time at UV-C for 75 min. The specific volume of PCMS was 2.85 times higher than native cassava starch but did not differ from the starch with high expansion property. Compared to native cassava starch, the PCMS showed lower peak and setback viscosity, higher amylose content and alteration of gelatinization enthalpy. The cheese bread prepared with PCMS did not differ from those produced with the other two SCS; consequently, PCMS preserved and ensured product quality that may be destined for food industry.
FHIA 18 is a hybrid banana that could replace cultivar Prata, which is highly affected by Black S... more FHIA 18 is a hybrid banana that could replace cultivar Prata, which is highly affected by Black Sigatoka and Panama disease. Still, there is a paucity of literature on FHIA 18 nutrient requirements, especially phosphorus. Nevertheless, we aimed to estimate the best phosphorus levels and its effect on the productive characteristics of FHIA 18 during three crop cycles in the city of São Manuel, state of São Paulo. Triple superphosphate has been given at recommended rates of 0, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 year-1 for three crop cycles that occurred in January 2014 (first cycle), August 2014 (second cycle) and June 2015 (third cycle). Results indicated that maximum fruit number per bunch was achieved at 30 and 26 kg P2O5 ha-1, corresponding to second and third cycle, respectively. Moreover, there was an increase in bunch mass, fruit mass, number of hands per bunch, mass and length of the fruit in the second hand, when P2O5 reached its maximum values from 20 to 34 kg P2O5 ha-1 year...
The 'FHIA-18' hybrid banana is an alternative for producers as it is resistant to Black Sigatoka ... more The 'FHIA-18' hybrid banana is an alternative for producers as it is resistant to Black Sigatoka and Panama disease. However, few studies report the nutritional requirement of this hybrid, especially phosphorus. It is known that the efficiency of phosphorus use can be improved, reducing the need for application, depending on the genotype cultivated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the yield and mineral nutrition of 'FHIA-18' hybrid banana on phosphate fertilization. A banana orchard with the cultivar 'FHIA-18' was conducted on a Typical Red Latosol. Then, triple superphosphate fertilizer was applied on plants at 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kg ha À1 year À1 , over three productive seasons. At the time of flowering the macro and micronutrient contents of the leaves were evaluated. Subsequently, the nutrient contents of the fruits were evaluated. For this, fruit pulp samples from the third and fourth hands were collected. In addition, yield was estimated considering cluster mass and plant density. The following dose 36 kg ha À1 of P 2 O 5 year À1 increased the content of phosphorus in the leaf, despite that banana hybrid cultivar FHIA 18 demanded 50% of the recommended fertilizer to achieve its maximum yield (29.4 t ha À1 year À1). Phosphate fertilization promoted significant changes in P, Ca, Cu, and Zn contents of leaves and fruits. Therefore, it is concluded that the mineral nutrition of banana 'FHIA-18' is affected by phosphate fertilization, as well as requiring less P than recommended to achieve higher yield.
Calcium chloride application on fruits maintains the firmness of fruits, decreases storage breakd... more Calcium chloride application on fruits maintains the firmness of fruits, decreases storage breakdown and rot, extends shelf-life, and increases vitamin C and calcium content. Blackberries have low post-harvest durability due to the intrinsic characteristics of their fruits, mainly the high respiratory rate and low firmness, which causes problems in the production chain of fresh fruits. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-harvest application of calcium chloride on the fruits of ‘Tupy’ blackberry (Rubus spp.). A randomized block design for a factorial scheme was used, i.e. calcium chloride concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5%) and number of applications (1, 2, and 3). Multiple applications occurred between 5-day intervals. The results showed that the calcium content in the fruits increased with a single application of 2.2%, but a decrease in mass loss was observed with a 4.5% application. The results also indicated great firmness and ascorbic acid content of fruits o...
There are a lot of potential uses of sweet potato as a source of starch in food and other industr... more There are a lot of potential uses of sweet potato as a source of starch in food and other industries. Pregelatinization, a physical modification that confers properties of interest for several industrial applications, is a way to expand the use of this starch. Processing conditions have significant impact on the properties of modified starch and therefore, the effects of the concentration of starch and preheating temperature on the physical properties of spray dried starch in this study are evaluated. This study is carried out by applying a central rotational compound experimental design to test two independent variables, starch concentration and preheating temperature, and consisted of a total of 11 treatments. Results showed that the granule size, gelatinization temperature, and breakdown viscosity are significantly affected by the preheating temperature. Besides this, preheating temperature and starch concentration also influenced the crystallinity percentage, enthalpy change, ge...
This study aimed to understand the physicochemical characteristics of sweet potato starch followi... more This study aimed to understand the physicochemical characteristics of sweet potato starch following spray-drying and extrusion processes for desirable applications. Spray-dried starch showed formation of agglomerates and decreased in average granular size from 16.5 lm of the native starch granules to 14.1 lm. Spray-drying reduced the percentage crystallinity from 25.3 to 22.6% and showed a slight decrease in the molecular weight of amylopectin from 3.1 to 2.6 9 10 8 g mol-1. In addition, changes in the pasting and gelatinization properties, higher final viscosity (454.4 RVU), and less enthalpy change (8.73 J g-1) were reported after spray-drying. Thus, spraydrying resulted in partially gelatinized starch, which can be selected for making more viscous products. Extruded sweet potato starch displayed an amorphous structure, showed total loss of crystallinity, and significant reduction in molecular weight of amylopectin to 0.41 9 10 8 g mol-1 , reflecting complete gelatinization of starch granules during extrusion. Extruded starch showed significant changes in pasting properties, including a display cold viscosity (9.4 RVU). Therefore, extruded starch was suitable for products that require quick solubility and a low final viscosity. Thus, the spray-drying and extrusion processes produce sweet potato starches with particular characteristics that can be used for different and potential applications in industries.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and fruit quality of 'Maçã' banan... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and fruit quality of 'Maçã' banana cultivar. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus (P) on the cultivar. The study area presents a subtropical climate, where the mean temperature is 22°C; and the mean rainfall is 1377 mm. The experiment was conducted from November 2012 to May 2014. The experiment design was totally randomized, consisting of six treatments (0, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1) and seven repetitions. The results indicated that plant height, pseudo-stem diameter, number of live leaves, yield and fruit numbers per bunch increased at 51, 45, 44, 34 and 40 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 , respectively. The shortest harvest cycle was of 480 days at 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1. In unripe bananas, RSC improved 13% at 47 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 ; while the highest level of P, Ca and Mg were obtained at 74, 41 and 58 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 , respectively. During banana ripening, maximum fruit firmness (3.07 N) was achieved at 63 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1. Application of triple superphosphate fertilizer (at 34 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1) increased yield, without changing physicochemical characteristics.
Products derived from cassava are not being sufficiently utilised by the food industry, despite t... more Products derived from cassava are not being sufficiently utilised by the food industry, despite their great potential in the preparation of gluten-free products. In the present work, mixtures of sour starch and leaf flour obtained from cassava were prepared and processed in a single screw extruder under different conditions of temperature, moisture, and screw speed, in order to obtain salty expanded snacks. The products were analysed in terms of expansion index, specific volume, hardness, colour, water-absorption index, water-solubility index, and sensory acceptance. Changes in the percentage of cassava leaf flour significantly affected the physical properties of the snacks, while they were less affected by moisture, temperature and screw speed. Processing with 6% cassava leaf flour blended with sour starch, in the presence of 16% moisture at an extrusion temperature of 100oC and screw speed of 230 rpm produced highly crisp, light-coloured puffed snacks with good overall acceptabili...
The limited scion-rootstock combinations used in sweet orange orchards in Brazil reduce the comme... more The limited scion-rootstock combinations used in sweet orange orchards in Brazil reduce the commercial potential of citrus and lead to greater susceptibility to pests and diseases. Aiming to provide germplasm diversification, the research evaluated the Folha Murcha (FM) and Charmute de Brotas (CB) orange trees grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime (RL) and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (SC) rootstocks. The study was conducted in the southern center of the state of São Paulo, in the subtropical region of southeastern Brazil. The grafted trees were planted in September 2016. The field experiment was conducted over two seasons. The combinations were evaluated based on the duration in days and degree-days of the phenological intervals, growth and yield performance, alternate bearing, fruit ripening, and quality. The trees of the two scion cultivars grafted onto RL had the shortest crop cycle, the earliest fruit ripening, and the largest canopy volume. SC produced fewer alternate bearings with greater produ...
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da temperatura de extrusao e daporcentagem de fa... more Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da temperatura de extrusao e daporcentagem de farinha de soja na dureza de biscoitos extrusados de polvilho azedo visando aobtencao de produtos com elevado teor de proteina e caracteristica desejada de textura. O processoseguiu o delineamento ‘central composto rotacional’ para dois fatores: temperatura de extrusao(61,4oC a 118,6oC) e porcentagem de farinha de soja integral misturada ao polvilho azedo (5,7 a34,3%), totalizando 11 tratamentos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a menor dureza foi obtidanas condicoes de baixa porcentagem de farinha de soja e elevada temperatura.
As propriedades de pasta permitem avaliar as modificacoes provocadas pelas condicoesde extrusao n... more As propriedades de pasta permitem avaliar as modificacoes provocadas pelas condicoesde extrusao nos componentes das materias-primas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito daporcentagem de farinha de soja (5,7 a 34,3%) e temperatura de extrusao (61,4 a 118,6oC) sobreparâmetros de viscosidade analisados em RVA (Rapid Visco Analyser). Os resultados obtidosmostraram efeito da porcentagem de farinha de soja nas misturas antes e apos a extrusao, com aobtencao de maiores valores de viscosidade inicial, viscosidade final e tendencia a retrogradacao nascondicoes de menor teor de farinha de soja e temperatura constante (90oC). Nao foi observado efeitoda temperatura de extrusao nas condicoes testadas.
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas (FCA), Departamento de ... more Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas (FCA), Departamento de Producao e Melhoramento Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
In Brazil, the potato cultivar Agata is used for fresh market, while the cultivar Markies is used... more In Brazil, the potato cultivar Agata is used for fresh market, while the cultivar Markies is used for both fresh market and frying industry. However, these cultivars may respond differently to nitrogen (N) management. Thus, field experiments with these cultivars were conducted to evaluate marketable tuber yield and physico-chemical and nutritional quality of tubers in response to four different early N managements (80p: 80 kg N ha−1 at planting; 160p: 160 kg N ha−1 at planting; 40 + 120: 40 kg N ha−1 at planting plus 120 kg N ha−1 at hilling; and 80 + 80: 80 kg N ha−1 at planting plus 80 kg N ha−1 at hilling) combined with late N application rates at tuber bulking stage (0, 20, 40 and 80 kg N ha−1). For both cultivars, the application of only 80 kg N ha−1 at planting was enough to have satisfactory marketable tuber yield and the late N application did not provide benefit to yield. The 80 + 80 treatment reduced the concentrations of starch and carbohydrate and increased the protein concentration in tubers of cultivar Agata, and promoted the Ca biofortification of tubers in both cultivars. Tuber Fe concentration of cultivar Agata was higher with the 80p treatment. The early N managements with N supplied at planting increased tuber Cu concentration of both cultivars. Late N application increased the concentration of protein, Ca and Fe only in the Agata tubers. For cultivar Markies, the tuber reducing sugar concentration was increased by the late application of 40 kg N ha−1 combined with the early N application treatments 160p and 40 + 120, but only small variations in the colour intensity or yellow tonality of the fried potatoes were observed.
Fried foods occupy a large portion of the fast-food market. However, growing consumer health awar... more Fried foods occupy a large portion of the fast-food market. However, growing consumer health awareness is driving research to minimize the oil content of products. The use of specific barriers such as hydrocolloid coatings can avoid high oil absorption. Herein, the physicochemical characteristics of banana fruit cultivars and the effects of hydrocolloid coatings on the quality attributes of banana chips were evaluated. The unripe fruits were analyzed for length, diameter, mass, pulp/peel ratio, firmness, and color. The pulps were analyzed for moisture, total and reducing sugars, crude fat, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and maturation index. Pulp slices were coated before frying with four hydrocolloid solutions: guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, and maltodextrin. The fruits of the cultivar BRS Platina were larger, with a more yellowish pulp and those of FHIA 18 had smaller lengths and diameters. After frying, higher moisture losses were observed in th...
Due to the high perishability of figs, calcium stands out as an important nutrient for orchard ma... more Due to the high perishability of figs, calcium stands out as an important nutrient for orchard management. This study aims to study the pre-harvest applications of calcium chloride in fig orchards. The fig trees were sprayed with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% CaCl2, and fruits were thereafter stored for 0, 7, 14 and 21 d. The variables analysed were the concentration of calcium in leaves and fruits, weight loss, fruit decay, pectinolytic enzyme activity, and physical and chemical attributes of the fruits; CaCl2 sprays enhanced fruit Ca2+ concentration in leaves (14.03%) and fruits (29.3%) and were effective in reducing polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activity, weight loss and fruit decay. Pre-treatment with 1% CaCl2 provided fruits with larger diameters, greater firmness, and higher levels of total phenolic compounds in both fruit peel and pulp. The pre-harvest application at 1% CaCl2 showed to be a promising technique in producing high quality fruits and extended storage by...
Quality attributes of fruits such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, maturity indices, fi... more Quality attributes of fruits such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, maturity indices, firmness, skin colour and sugar content should support choosing the choice of the most appropriate stage to harvest bananas. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the optimal harvest stage of different cultivars according to five fruit diameters. Through a randomized block design with 4 replicates, the following variables were evaluated such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, maturity index, firmness, fruit peel colour and sugar content on the cultivars Prata-Anã, Maçã, FHIA 18, Grand Naine and Nanicão IAC 2001. Fruits from the second bunch of banana bundle were harvested when they reached the diameters of 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 mm. Results showed that the harvest stages (i.e. banana fruit diameters) affect the fruit quality attributes among cultivars; thus, it is recommended to harvest the fruits of ‘FHIA 18’ with 34, 36 or 38 mm in diameters; Grand Naine with 38 or 40 mm; ‘Maçã’...
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Our study was based on the fact that physiological changes in the plant resulting from the growth... more Our study was based on the fact that physiological changes in the plant resulting from the growth conditions alter the properties of the starch. An experimental trial was installed with cassava plants in poor phosphorus soil. A part of plants received phosphate fertilization at a level three times higher than the recommended dose, in order to provide high availability of phosphorus in the soil. The plants grew for two years and the starches were isolated at three times in the second vegetative cycle. The starches had A-type X-ray pattern. Starches isolated from cassava plants grown in soils with high phosphorus had increases of more than 100% in the content of bound phosphorus, which caused changes in the size of the granules, amylose, swelling power, solubility, pasting and thermal properties. These results indicate possibilities of increasing the commercial value of native cassava starch due to the expansion of use, considering the range of uses of phosphate starches for food and non-food purposes.
The cultivar Sanguínea de Mombuca (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) bears lycopene-rich fruits with a... more The cultivar Sanguínea de Mombuca (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) bears lycopene-rich fruits with attractive red pulp and high nutritional value; thus, this cultivar has the potential to diversify orchards for the production of fruits for natural consumption and juice. Therefore, studies on the productive performance in combination with rootstocks are required. This study evaluated the phenological cycles, yield, ripening curve, and fruit quality of this cultivar grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo. The study was conducted in the Midwest of the state of São Paulo, in the subtropical region of southeastern Brazil, and the field experiment was performed over two consecutive seasons. Rootstocks had little effect on the duration of the phenological cycles. The fruit ripening curve predicted the time of harvest as approximately 240 days after anthesis, regardless of rootstock. Fruits harvested from trees grafted onto ‘Swingle’ citrumelo showed higher levels of soluble solid...
The fig fruits have problems with their post-harvest shelf-life, due to the fact that the fruit i... more The fig fruits have problems with their post-harvest shelf-life, due to the fact that the fruit is climacteric and it has high perishability. Faced with this issue, this paper objective was to evaluate the use of calcium chloride in the post-harvest period of Roxo de Valinhos fruits. The fruits were harvested from an experimental orchard and sent to the horticulture department, where they were treated with different concentrations of CaCl2 (0, 1, 2, and 3%), using the dipping method. The fruits were stored in cold chamber (5±1oC and 80± 5% RH), packed with polystyrene trays and covered with PVC film. Evaluations were realized at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after storage, when were observed the following characteristics: firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturation index and sugar content. The weight loss percentage was also evaluated every 2 days until the 20th day of storage. Calcium chloride applications on the post-harvest period of fig fruits promoted few chang...
Sour cassava starch (SCS) is naturally modified through the joint action of anaerobic fermentatio... more Sour cassava starch (SCS) is naturally modified through the joint action of anaerobic fermentation and sundrying, but there appears be an immense variety in the quality of commercial SCS. The present study aimed to produce cassava starch with high expansion property (PCMS). After the establishment of the production conditions, PCMS was compared to commercial starches in terms of specific volume, carbonyl and carboxyl content, thermal and paste properties, as well as, about its use for the production of cheese bread. In order to obtain PCMS, a 5 × 5 factorial design was set to determine lactic acid concentrations and exposure times to UV-C irradiation. The optimal conditions for photo-modification were 20 g/kg of lactic acid concentration and exposure time at UV-C for 75 min. The specific volume of PCMS was 2.85 times higher than native cassava starch but did not differ from the starch with high expansion property. Compared to native cassava starch, the PCMS showed lower peak and setback viscosity, higher amylose content and alteration of gelatinization enthalpy. The cheese bread prepared with PCMS did not differ from those produced with the other two SCS; consequently, PCMS preserved and ensured product quality that may be destined for food industry.
FHIA 18 is a hybrid banana that could replace cultivar Prata, which is highly affected by Black S... more FHIA 18 is a hybrid banana that could replace cultivar Prata, which is highly affected by Black Sigatoka and Panama disease. Still, there is a paucity of literature on FHIA 18 nutrient requirements, especially phosphorus. Nevertheless, we aimed to estimate the best phosphorus levels and its effect on the productive characteristics of FHIA 18 during three crop cycles in the city of São Manuel, state of São Paulo. Triple superphosphate has been given at recommended rates of 0, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 year-1 for three crop cycles that occurred in January 2014 (first cycle), August 2014 (second cycle) and June 2015 (third cycle). Results indicated that maximum fruit number per bunch was achieved at 30 and 26 kg P2O5 ha-1, corresponding to second and third cycle, respectively. Moreover, there was an increase in bunch mass, fruit mass, number of hands per bunch, mass and length of the fruit in the second hand, when P2O5 reached its maximum values from 20 to 34 kg P2O5 ha-1 year...
The 'FHIA-18' hybrid banana is an alternative for producers as it is resistant to Black Sigatoka ... more The 'FHIA-18' hybrid banana is an alternative for producers as it is resistant to Black Sigatoka and Panama disease. However, few studies report the nutritional requirement of this hybrid, especially phosphorus. It is known that the efficiency of phosphorus use can be improved, reducing the need for application, depending on the genotype cultivated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the yield and mineral nutrition of 'FHIA-18' hybrid banana on phosphate fertilization. A banana orchard with the cultivar 'FHIA-18' was conducted on a Typical Red Latosol. Then, triple superphosphate fertilizer was applied on plants at 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kg ha À1 year À1 , over three productive seasons. At the time of flowering the macro and micronutrient contents of the leaves were evaluated. Subsequently, the nutrient contents of the fruits were evaluated. For this, fruit pulp samples from the third and fourth hands were collected. In addition, yield was estimated considering cluster mass and plant density. The following dose 36 kg ha À1 of P 2 O 5 year À1 increased the content of phosphorus in the leaf, despite that banana hybrid cultivar FHIA 18 demanded 50% of the recommended fertilizer to achieve its maximum yield (29.4 t ha À1 year À1). Phosphate fertilization promoted significant changes in P, Ca, Cu, and Zn contents of leaves and fruits. Therefore, it is concluded that the mineral nutrition of banana 'FHIA-18' is affected by phosphate fertilization, as well as requiring less P than recommended to achieve higher yield.
Calcium chloride application on fruits maintains the firmness of fruits, decreases storage breakd... more Calcium chloride application on fruits maintains the firmness of fruits, decreases storage breakdown and rot, extends shelf-life, and increases vitamin C and calcium content. Blackberries have low post-harvest durability due to the intrinsic characteristics of their fruits, mainly the high respiratory rate and low firmness, which causes problems in the production chain of fresh fruits. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-harvest application of calcium chloride on the fruits of ‘Tupy’ blackberry (Rubus spp.). A randomized block design for a factorial scheme was used, i.e. calcium chloride concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5%) and number of applications (1, 2, and 3). Multiple applications occurred between 5-day intervals. The results showed that the calcium content in the fruits increased with a single application of 2.2%, but a decrease in mass loss was observed with a 4.5% application. The results also indicated great firmness and ascorbic acid content of fruits o...
There are a lot of potential uses of sweet potato as a source of starch in food and other industr... more There are a lot of potential uses of sweet potato as a source of starch in food and other industries. Pregelatinization, a physical modification that confers properties of interest for several industrial applications, is a way to expand the use of this starch. Processing conditions have significant impact on the properties of modified starch and therefore, the effects of the concentration of starch and preheating temperature on the physical properties of spray dried starch in this study are evaluated. This study is carried out by applying a central rotational compound experimental design to test two independent variables, starch concentration and preheating temperature, and consisted of a total of 11 treatments. Results showed that the granule size, gelatinization temperature, and breakdown viscosity are significantly affected by the preheating temperature. Besides this, preheating temperature and starch concentration also influenced the crystallinity percentage, enthalpy change, ge...
This study aimed to understand the physicochemical characteristics of sweet potato starch followi... more This study aimed to understand the physicochemical characteristics of sweet potato starch following spray-drying and extrusion processes for desirable applications. Spray-dried starch showed formation of agglomerates and decreased in average granular size from 16.5 lm of the native starch granules to 14.1 lm. Spray-drying reduced the percentage crystallinity from 25.3 to 22.6% and showed a slight decrease in the molecular weight of amylopectin from 3.1 to 2.6 9 10 8 g mol-1. In addition, changes in the pasting and gelatinization properties, higher final viscosity (454.4 RVU), and less enthalpy change (8.73 J g-1) were reported after spray-drying. Thus, spraydrying resulted in partially gelatinized starch, which can be selected for making more viscous products. Extruded sweet potato starch displayed an amorphous structure, showed total loss of crystallinity, and significant reduction in molecular weight of amylopectin to 0.41 9 10 8 g mol-1 , reflecting complete gelatinization of starch granules during extrusion. Extruded starch showed significant changes in pasting properties, including a display cold viscosity (9.4 RVU). Therefore, extruded starch was suitable for products that require quick solubility and a low final viscosity. Thus, the spray-drying and extrusion processes produce sweet potato starches with particular characteristics that can be used for different and potential applications in industries.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and fruit quality of 'Maçã' banan... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and fruit quality of 'Maçã' banana cultivar. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus (P) on the cultivar. The study area presents a subtropical climate, where the mean temperature is 22°C; and the mean rainfall is 1377 mm. The experiment was conducted from November 2012 to May 2014. The experiment design was totally randomized, consisting of six treatments (0, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1) and seven repetitions. The results indicated that plant height, pseudo-stem diameter, number of live leaves, yield and fruit numbers per bunch increased at 51, 45, 44, 34 and 40 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 , respectively. The shortest harvest cycle was of 480 days at 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1. In unripe bananas, RSC improved 13% at 47 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 ; while the highest level of P, Ca and Mg were obtained at 74, 41 and 58 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 , respectively. During banana ripening, maximum fruit firmness (3.07 N) was achieved at 63 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1. Application of triple superphosphate fertilizer (at 34 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1) increased yield, without changing physicochemical characteristics.
Products derived from cassava are not being sufficiently utilised by the food industry, despite t... more Products derived from cassava are not being sufficiently utilised by the food industry, despite their great potential in the preparation of gluten-free products. In the present work, mixtures of sour starch and leaf flour obtained from cassava were prepared and processed in a single screw extruder under different conditions of temperature, moisture, and screw speed, in order to obtain salty expanded snacks. The products were analysed in terms of expansion index, specific volume, hardness, colour, water-absorption index, water-solubility index, and sensory acceptance. Changes in the percentage of cassava leaf flour significantly affected the physical properties of the snacks, while they were less affected by moisture, temperature and screw speed. Processing with 6% cassava leaf flour blended with sour starch, in the presence of 16% moisture at an extrusion temperature of 100oC and screw speed of 230 rpm produced highly crisp, light-coloured puffed snacks with good overall acceptabili...
The limited scion-rootstock combinations used in sweet orange orchards in Brazil reduce the comme... more The limited scion-rootstock combinations used in sweet orange orchards in Brazil reduce the commercial potential of citrus and lead to greater susceptibility to pests and diseases. Aiming to provide germplasm diversification, the research evaluated the Folha Murcha (FM) and Charmute de Brotas (CB) orange trees grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime (RL) and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (SC) rootstocks. The study was conducted in the southern center of the state of São Paulo, in the subtropical region of southeastern Brazil. The grafted trees were planted in September 2016. The field experiment was conducted over two seasons. The combinations were evaluated based on the duration in days and degree-days of the phenological intervals, growth and yield performance, alternate bearing, fruit ripening, and quality. The trees of the two scion cultivars grafted onto RL had the shortest crop cycle, the earliest fruit ripening, and the largest canopy volume. SC produced fewer alternate bearings with greater produ...
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da temperatura de extrusao e daporcentagem de fa... more Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da temperatura de extrusao e daporcentagem de farinha de soja na dureza de biscoitos extrusados de polvilho azedo visando aobtencao de produtos com elevado teor de proteina e caracteristica desejada de textura. O processoseguiu o delineamento ‘central composto rotacional’ para dois fatores: temperatura de extrusao(61,4oC a 118,6oC) e porcentagem de farinha de soja integral misturada ao polvilho azedo (5,7 a34,3%), totalizando 11 tratamentos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a menor dureza foi obtidanas condicoes de baixa porcentagem de farinha de soja e elevada temperatura.
As propriedades de pasta permitem avaliar as modificacoes provocadas pelas condicoesde extrusao n... more As propriedades de pasta permitem avaliar as modificacoes provocadas pelas condicoesde extrusao nos componentes das materias-primas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito daporcentagem de farinha de soja (5,7 a 34,3%) e temperatura de extrusao (61,4 a 118,6oC) sobreparâmetros de viscosidade analisados em RVA (Rapid Visco Analyser). Os resultados obtidosmostraram efeito da porcentagem de farinha de soja nas misturas antes e apos a extrusao, com aobtencao de maiores valores de viscosidade inicial, viscosidade final e tendencia a retrogradacao nascondicoes de menor teor de farinha de soja e temperatura constante (90oC). Nao foi observado efeitoda temperatura de extrusao nas condicoes testadas.
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas (FCA), Departamento de ... more Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas (FCA), Departamento de Producao e Melhoramento Vegetal, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
In Brazil, the potato cultivar Agata is used for fresh market, while the cultivar Markies is used... more In Brazil, the potato cultivar Agata is used for fresh market, while the cultivar Markies is used for both fresh market and frying industry. However, these cultivars may respond differently to nitrogen (N) management. Thus, field experiments with these cultivars were conducted to evaluate marketable tuber yield and physico-chemical and nutritional quality of tubers in response to four different early N managements (80p: 80 kg N ha−1 at planting; 160p: 160 kg N ha−1 at planting; 40 + 120: 40 kg N ha−1 at planting plus 120 kg N ha−1 at hilling; and 80 + 80: 80 kg N ha−1 at planting plus 80 kg N ha−1 at hilling) combined with late N application rates at tuber bulking stage (0, 20, 40 and 80 kg N ha−1). For both cultivars, the application of only 80 kg N ha−1 at planting was enough to have satisfactory marketable tuber yield and the late N application did not provide benefit to yield. The 80 + 80 treatment reduced the concentrations of starch and carbohydrate and increased the protein concentration in tubers of cultivar Agata, and promoted the Ca biofortification of tubers in both cultivars. Tuber Fe concentration of cultivar Agata was higher with the 80p treatment. The early N managements with N supplied at planting increased tuber Cu concentration of both cultivars. Late N application increased the concentration of protein, Ca and Fe only in the Agata tubers. For cultivar Markies, the tuber reducing sugar concentration was increased by the late application of 40 kg N ha−1 combined with the early N application treatments 160p and 40 + 120, but only small variations in the colour intensity or yellow tonality of the fried potatoes were observed.
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