Papers by Madi Ha Nawaz Nawaz
Proteins Protein is a polypeptide which is composed of one or more long chains of amino acids (sm... more Proteins Protein is a polypeptide which is composed of one or more long chains of amino acids (smaller units that are nitrogenous organic compounds). Twenty different types of amino acids are used to form the protein. Protein's specific three dimensional structures and its function are determined by the specific sequence of its amino acid. These polymers of amino acids (proteins) are giant, elaborate molecules that are involved in many complex functions of the body. These are essential for the structure and function of the cell and also play important role in the guideline of tissues and organs. Proteins are used for plenty of functions, i.e. repairing and building tissues, like enzymes aiding the immune process and serving as hormones. All proteins contain the subunit the same basic sub-components beside of their differences in structure. Proteins are of the different types of macromolecules, in addition to carbohydrates, lipids (fats), & nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. Macromolecules are large molecules that perform specialized functions inside living organisms. The structural arrangement of a protein molecule will differ in accordance with its function. Sources: As protein play a role in tissue repair that is why it is so important to have protein in our diet. Protein can be present in all living things. The type and amount of protein within foods can vary, but inevitably it is present in meats, cheeses, poultry, seafood, and nuts beans, that tend to have higher protein content than plenty of plant-based sources. Determination of Protein structure: Primary conformation of proteins is involved in the determination of 3-D array of proteins. The protein conformation and its role in cell are determined by the amino acid sequence which is specified by the genes in cell. Protein is synthesized by the process of translation in which RNA encoded information are used for the polypeptide formation. Before this process RNA is formed by the transcription of DNA which encodes its information into RNA. The DNA has genetic information used to determine the amino acid sequence which produces the polypeptide chain of proteins. Levels of protein structure: Primary structure: Primary structure of protein Explain the initial order where amino acids are joined with each other to form any healthy proteins that are formed by twenty amino acids. Amino acids are formed by following components Alpha carbon atom bonded towards four groups beneath: • Hydrogen atom (H) • Carboxyl group (-COOH) • Amino group (-NH2) • R group which is variable Alpha carbon of the amino acids is bounded to the all these groups i.e. hydrogen, carboxyl, and amino group and " R " group differs involving amino acids as well as ascertains these variances involving most of these healthy proteins monomers. This amino acid collection of the healthy proteins relies on the data found in this cell genetic code. This is associated with amino acids inside a polypeptide exclusive as well as certain to a particular healthy protein. Changing 1 amino acid position can cause any gene mutation; this generally ends in any non-functioning healthy proteins. Secondary structure: This is involved in describing twist of the polypeptide that provides the three dimension array of protein. There are 2 sorts of second set ups affecting the protein. First form could be the alpha helix and this specific construction is similar to a folded spring which is collateralized simply through hydrogen connecting inside the polypeptide. The second construction throughout proteins could be the beta pleated sheet. This specific construction seems to be already
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Papers by Madi Ha Nawaz Nawaz