Papers by Madhusudan Astekar
IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging/International journal of maxillofacial imaging/IP International journal of maxillofacial imaging, May 15, 2024
is the non-invasive method of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of strain and elastic modul... more is the non-invasive method of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of strain and elastic modulus distribution in soft tissues. One of the main benefits of ultrasonography is that it is a straightforward, less intrusive procedure. A general understanding of the underlying principles could benefit the entire process of data acquisition and interpretation, enhancing the USE reproducibility. The present review will highlight the topographies of the novel method and it is used in dentistry. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttribFution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Diagnostics, Nov 26, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2013
Original Research To cope with the widespread problem of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial ... more Original Research To cope with the widespread problem of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial alternatives have been proposed. [5-7] Use of natural products for the control of fungal diseases is considered as an interesting alternative to synthetic fungicides due to their lower negative impact, reduced cost, and adverse reactions to plant preparations compared to modern conventional pharmaceuticals. India is considered to be a rich emporium of drug plants, mainly used in preventive and curative medicine. [8] Screening of medicinal plants for antimicrobial agents has gained much importance. Hence, there is urgent need to promote the traditional preventive measures that are acceptable, easily available, and cost effective.
Biotechnic & Histochemistry, Mar 25, 2014
The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as donor material for periodontal plastic surgery. ... more The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as donor material for periodontal plastic surgery. The thickness of graft tissue is important for graft survival. We investigated the thickness of palatal mucosa using a bone sounding technique. We also examined the relation of age and gender to the thickness of palatal mucosa. Fifty healthy subjects were divided into a younger age group of 25 subjects, 14-21 years old (mean, 19 years); the older age group consisted of 25 subjects, 30-59 years old (mean, 34.4 years). A bone sounding method using a periodontal probe and endodontic spreader no. 60 was used to assess the thickness of palatal mucosa at 15 pre-determined sites defined according to the gingival margin and palatal lines. Student's 't' test was used to validate differences in mucosal thickness between the groups. The mean thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa ranged from 2.5 to 3.7 mm. The younger age group had a thinner mucosa than the older age group and females had a thinner mucosa than males. The canine and premolar areas appeared to be the most appropriate donor sites for grafting procedures.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 2021
Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is an ulcerative condition of th... more Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is an ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa amid a chronic course and delayed healing. It is a reactive lesion that usually affects the tongue. TUGSE is a rare mucosal lesion to aid as an ulcer or an indurated submucosal mass and might cause diagnostic problems as it mimics a traumatic or neoplastic ulcer. However, chronic irritation from traumatic agents is well thought out to be a major initiating aspect. Histopathologically, it is categorized by an eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate penetrating into the underlying muscle. It is significant to make out this mucosal lesion as it mimics malignant ulcers; the condition tends to resolve on its own. Thus, attentiveness of this entity is imperative to emphasize the accurate diagnosis of indurated ulcerated lesions and convey suitable and effective treatment. The present case highlights the clinical aspects, etiopathogenesis and histopathology of this unusual lesion.
PubMed, 2019
Oral focal mucinosis an oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis, is a rare disease of unkno... more Oral focal mucinosis an oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis, is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Its pathogenesis may be due to the overproduction of hyaluronic acid by a fibroblast, at the expense of collagen production, resulting in focal myxoid degeneration of the connective tissue, primarily affecting the mucosa overlying the bone. Oral focal mucinosis occurs predonderantly in adults during the fourth and fifth decade of life, although it has been reported sparingly in children and adolescents. It has no distinctive clinical features, as the diagnosis is solely based on the histopathological features and treatment involves complete surgical excision. Recurrence is unreported. This case report put forward the clinical and histological presentation and consequent management of Oral focal mucinosis in an adolescent female patient.
PubMed, Nov 1, 2016
Background: Surgical resection has been the principle treatment approach for early lesions as wel... more Background: Surgical resection has been the principle treatment approach for early lesions as well as advanced stage carcinomas of upper aero digestive tract. Neck dissection is the primary treatment given to nodal metastasis of oral carcinomas. Choice of irradiation and chemotherapy post surgery relies heavily on the histopathological assessment of surgical margins of resected tumor, dissected lymph nodes and accessory tissues. Methods: A total of ten cases of head and neck carcinomas reported in two years period were analyzed. The tissues were assessed histopathologically for tumor grade, margin status, nodal metastasis and vascular invasion. Results: Out of the total 10 neck dissection specimens, eight cases were of Well Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma, one each of ameloblastic carcinoma and occult cancer with metastasis in cervical lymph nodes. In case of marginal clearance, two cases were negative, one case was of occult primary and seven cases had positive involvement at the margin, of which five cases demonstrated tumor component at <5mm from the surgical cut margin and two cases at >5mm. Concerning the nodal involvement, four cases were positive, five were negative, while in one case no lymph node was available for assessment. Among the accessory tissues received, submandibular gland and perinodal tissue involvement was seen in one case each whereas skin and muscle involvement was negative for tumor cells in all the cases. Conclusion: The emphasis is on the role of oral pathologists in assessment of such neck dissection specimens. The information provided would maximize treatment outcome and minimize recurrence.
PubMed, May 1, 2017
Osteosarcoma is a primeval disease which is still partly understood. It is a malignancy of mesenc... more Osteosarcoma is a primeval disease which is still partly understood. It is a malignancy of mesenchymal cells that have the capacity to generate osteoid or immature bone. There have been an abundance of debate and controversies about the nature, aggressiveness, behavior, and various treatment modalities of this entity. Different histologic variation has been common in osteosarcoma; hence multiple diagnostic approaches are vital in all cases. Detection of precise anatomic and histologic variants is of prime importance in view of better outcome. The purpose behind writing this case report was to highlight the importance of various investigation techniques for an affirmative diagnosis.
PubMed, Sep 1, 2017
Lymphomas are diverse group of neoplasm affecting the lymphoreticular system. Diffuse large B cel... more Lymphomas are diverse group of neoplasm affecting the lymphoreticular system. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most frequently diagnosed type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is the fifth most frequent malignancy, accounting for about 40% of cases reported. In the present case report a 40 year old female patient complains of swelling on right side of face since 45 days and gradually increased to present size. Intra-orally an ulcero-proliferative growth was present on the right side of hard palate. Incisional biopsy was suggestive of Lymphoproliferative disorder. Panel of immunohistochemical antibodies were used; which showed positivity for CD45, PAX5, Bcl2, Ki67, CD138 and negativity for CD3, CD10, CD20 and CD30. Therefore through routine standard hematoxylin and eosin staining a clear cut diagnosis of specific lymphoma was difficult to obtain and thus immunohistochemistry plays an important role in confirming the pinpoint diagnosis.
PubMed, Sep 1, 2017
One challenging feature of head and neck pathology is that a dizzying array of spindle cell lesio... more One challenging feature of head and neck pathology is that a dizzying array of spindle cell lesions occurs here which ranges all the way from reactive, very aggressive forms to malignant lesions. Leiomyosarcoma is one such malignant tumour of mesenchymal origin exhibiting smooth muscle differentiation; presenting generally nonspecific signs and symptoms. Here we present a case of leiomyosarcoma in a 21 year old female patient associated with single reddish pink swelling present in the posterior right maxillary tuberosity region with moderate facial asymmetry. On histopathological analysis, all the classic features were noted and diagnosis of a spindle cell neoplasm was made without any obscurity. There are many lesions like rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, multiple peripheral nerve sheath tumour, angiosarcomas, melanomas, kaposi sarcoma, solitary fibrous tumors, etc., which mimic leiomyosarcoma clinically and histopathologically and therefore immunohistochemical staining with specific markers plays a vital role in arriving at a conclusive diagnosis.
International Journal of Dental Clinics, Mar 31, 2011
ABSTRACT Focal fibrous hyperplasia is a localized reactive progressive, proliferation of oral muc... more ABSTRACT Focal fibrous hyperplasia is a localized reactive progressive, proliferation of oral mucosa in response to injury or local irritation. The most common site is the buccal mucosa along the line of occlusion and sessile lesion on the gingiva. This paper reports two cases of focal fibrous hyperplasia.
Journal of The Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2018
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic, granulomatous, mucocutaneous infection caused by Rhinosporidium se... more Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic, granulomatous, mucocutaneous infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. The infection is non-contagious and sporadic in humans. The site most commonly affected is the mucous membrane of the nose and nasopharynx, followed by the oropharynx, trachea, bronchi, ear, eye, and genitourinary tract. It can also spread to other areas through blood and lymph. Here, we report a case of rhinosporidiosis affecting the palate in a 60-year-old female patient.
PubMed, May 1, 2018
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck regions and ... more Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck regions and accounts for more than 90% of cancers in the oral cavity. The angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and epithelial mesenchymal transition are known to be pivotal for tumor progression and metastasis. In the last decade, much data has been generated concerning the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and its significance in pathological conditions. The main angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors have been identified as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), forkhead box (FOX) C2 while vascular endothelial growth factor C/D (VEGF-C/D), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), Prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1), LYVE-1, podoplanin, Tie/Angioprotein (Ang) 2 and EphrinB2 respectively. PROX1 is a mammalian homologue of Drosophilia homeobox protein, prospero and important for the embryonic development of many mammalian tissues. It has been suggested that it plays various tissue dependent functional roles, which reflects both oncogenic potential and a tumor suppressive role. The exact role in OSCC remains controversial. FOXC2 is a transcription factor belongs to large family of protein, forkhead box. It has been shown to be involved in cancer angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis through its induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition while its significance in OSCC remains unknown. Based on these data, this article reviews the role of novel prognostic factors PROX1 and FOXC2 in carcinogenesis of OSCC so that they might be considered as an attractive therapeutic target for both tumor associated blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and tumor cells.
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, Oct 1, 2014
Biotechnic & Histochemistry, May 6, 2014
We evaluated micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in exfoliated epithelial cells of the oral c... more We evaluated micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in exfoliated epithelial cells of the oral cavity on the side opposite the lesion targeted by radiotherapy and correlated them with radiation doses. Buccal smears were obtained from oral cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy with a cumulative dose of at least 1000 rad for 3 weeks and from controls matched for age, gender and habits. The exfoliated cells from the mucosa were collected using a cytobrush; smears were prepared, fixed in 80% methanol and stained using the Feulgen plus fast green method. The mean number of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies/1000 cells was significantly greater in patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment, but the differences were not significant compared to radiation doses. It appears that radiotherapy has a potent clastogenic effect on buccal mucosal cells of oral cancer patients.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2018
Pulp space is complex, root canals may divide and rejoin. In the simplest form each root with one... more Pulp space is complex, root canals may divide and rejoin. In the simplest form each root with one canal and single apical foramen is not observed always, other canal configurations are present which exit the root with two, three or more foramen. Several classifications have been proposed to describe root canal configurations for communication. With the advent of three dimensional imaging technique researchers are reporting newer configurations which cannot be classified using current system. Hence, newer classifications are proposed by each researcher. It is difficult to retain all classifications. Secondly, these newer classification are not the continuation of previous ones. Also, similar terminology has been used by different researchers for different configurations. Hence, in this paper instead of grouping root canal configurations into types, nomenclature system is proposed to identify each configuration individually.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 2018
Mandibular molars requiring endodontic therapy are frequently encountered in dental practice. The... more Mandibular molars requiring endodontic therapy are frequently encountered in dental practice. The mesial root of a mandibular molar commonly presents a mesiobuccal (MB) and a mesiolingual (ML) canal, while the distal root more often contains one canal rather than two. A narrow connection which also contains pulp tissue, the isthmus, is present between two mesial/distal canals. This isthmus area leads to anatomical variations such as middle canals. [1] Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the various studies and case reports on the morphology and prevalence of middle canals in the mandibular molars. Methodology: Electronic databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect and various journals were screened to identify published literature till March 2017 and earlier for articles related to middle canals in the human permanent mandibular molars. Obtained articles were categorized as original researches, case reports and review articles. Well-defined review questions were developed using the patient population, intervention, comparison and outcome framework to summarize the objectives: "Does middle canal vary in morphology and anatomic location? What is the prevalence of middle canals in mandibular molars? Does ethnicity affect the prevalence of middle canals in mandibular molars?" Morphology was studied and prevalence rates were determined from the evaluation of data extracted from the articles. Results: The search strategy resulted in 87 articles, of which 36 were original research papers and 51 were case reports. The prevalence of middle canals in the various populations ranged from 0.26% to 53.8%. Middle canals were reported in Europeans, Asians, Africans and South and North American populations. The prevalence of middle mesial canal and middle distal canal in various races was reported as up to 53.8% and 10%, respectively. The orifice of middle canal exists below a dentinal projection in the groove between the two main canals. They were observed in fin, confluent and independent configuration. Out of these, confluent configuration was more prevalent. Conclusion: Middle canal varies in morphology and anatomic location. Ethnicity affects the prevalence of middle canals in the mandibular molars.
PubMed, Nov 1, 2018
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a major contributor to disability and death caused by... more Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a major contributor to disability and death caused by malignant tumors. Variations in social, cultural, and geographic factors affect the tumor behavior and response to treatment. In this study, we undertake a seven years institutional review and analysis of Oral squamous cell carcinoma cases in Bareilly. Materials and methods: A total of 1938 histologically diagnosed cases during the period of seven years i.e. from 2010 to 2016 were extracted from the archives of Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly and evaluated to know the prevalence of Oral squamous cell carcinoma. The details like age, sex, habits and anatomical site were also recorded from the archived patient's case sheets. Results: Out of the total 1938 cases, 318 were found to be Oral squamous cell carcinoma of which 232 were males and 86 were females. Incidence was highest in 40-49 year age group. The most common site was buccal mucosa (190 cases), followed by tongue (68 cases). Most lesions were well differentiated Oral squamous cell carcinoma (230 cases). Patients with poorly differentiated lesions had a comparatively lower mean age than their counterparts with other histological varieties. Conclusion: The pattern of Oral squamous cell carcinoma differs from that of previous studies in relation to incidence and age correlation with the grade of carcinoma. The majority of the lesions were well differentiated. There is a need for intensive oral health awareness to encourage early presentation to cancer center as early detection will further enhance prognosis.
Case Reports, Feb 1, 2019
Ewing sarcoma is a lesion of bone, described in small round cell neoplasm. This tumour resembles ... more Ewing sarcoma is a lesion of bone, described in small round cell neoplasm. This tumour resembles primitive neuroectodermal tumour both clinically and histologically. Major difference between these two is that the former arises in the bone and the later in soft tissue. It appears most frequently in males at the age range of of 5–25 years, 80% of which occurs within first two decades of life. Males are more commonly affected than females. Present paper reported with a case report of male patient with 24-year-old showing Ewing’s sarcoma of right maxilla.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
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Papers by Madhusudan Astekar
Keywords: Natal teeth, Mandible, Foetal teeth, Infancy.