Anahtar Kelimeler : Determinizm, İradecilikÖZETSOSYAL BİLİMLERİN DAVRANIŞ KURAMLARI İLE DİNİ İLİM... more Anahtar Kelimeler : Determinizm, İradecilikÖZETSOSYAL BİLİMLERİN DAVRANIŞ KURAMLARI İLE DİNİ İLİMLERİN AMEL NAZARİYELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI Hem sosyal bilimler hem de dini ilimlerde insan davranışının merkezi bir öneme sahip olduğunu görüyoruz. Ancak sosyal bilimler ve bilhassa davranış bilimleri, davranışın altında yatan psikolojik ve sosyal sebepleri araştırırken; dini ilimler, amelleri hem dünyevi hem de uhrevi sonuçları bakımından değerlendirmekte, Allah’ın sonsuz ve sınırsız iradesiyle insanın dini ve ahlaki sorumluluğu arasında bir denge kurmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Davranış bilimleri deskriptif bir karaktere sahipken, dini ilimlerin normatif yönü ağır basmaktadır.Dini ilimlerin amel tasavvurunun, sosyal bilimlerinkinden daha kapsamlı olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Sosyal bilimler, davranışı yalnızca dünyevi ve fiziki sebep ve sonuçlarıyla değerlendirirken; dini ilimler, insan davranışını dünyevi, metafiziksel ve uhrevi sebep ve sonuçlarıyla birlikte değerlendirmektedir.İnsan davranı...
Merkezzâde Ahmed Efendi (ölümü: 963/1556), meşhur Halvetî-Sünbülî şeyhi Merkez Efendi’nin oğludur... more Merkezzâde Ahmed Efendi (ölümü: 963/1556), meşhur Halvetî-Sünbülî şeyhi Merkez Efendi’nin oğludur. Bundan dolayı Merkezzâde, İbn Merkez ve Merkezî adlarıyla anılmaktadır. Ahmed Efendi’nin soyundan gelen Prof. Dr. Emel Esin’de mevcut olan İstanbul’daki Merkez Efendi Külliyesi’nin hamam ve müştemilatına ait 959/1552 tarihli vakfiyeye göre annesi, Yavuz Sultan Selim’in kızı Şah Sultan’dır. Kaynaklarda doğum tarihi belirtilmeyen Ahmed Efendi babasından Arapça, Hadis, Tefsîr dersleri okudu. Zamanla ilimde babasını geçtiği rivayet edilmektedir. Daha sonra tasavvuf yoluna girdi ve bu yolun son noktasına kadar ulaştı. Vaaz ve nasihatle meşgul oldu. Bu şekilde kendisinden pek çok kimse istifade etmiştir. Ahmed Efendi, Arap Dilinin en önemli sözlüklerinden biri olan, Fîrûzâbâdî’nin (ö. 817/1415) el-Kâmûsü’l- Muhît adlı eserinin ilk Türkçe tercümesi el-Bâbûs’ü 950/1543 yılında tamamladı. Kaynaklarda, bu tercümenin ulema nezdinde çok itibar gördüğü kaydedilmektedir. Ahmed Efendi sözlüğünün muka...
Niyazi Berkes (1908-1988), Turk modernlesmesi ve cagdaslasmasi ile ilgili gorusleriyle taninan on... more Niyazi Berkes (1908-1988), Turk modernlesmesi ve cagdaslasmasi ile ilgili gorusleriyle taninan onemli bir fikir adami ve sosyologdur. Berkes’in, cagdaslasma meselesini; aydinlanmaci-pozitivist, modernlesmeci, bati merkezci bir paradigmadan hareketle cozumlemekte oldugu gorulmektedir. Dolayisiyla soz konusu paradigmaya yonelik tum elestirilerin Berkes’e de yoneltilebilecegini rahatlikla soyleyebiliriz. Onun Kur’an, Sunnet, Islam Hukuku, Tasavvuf gibi konulardaki yazilari, yer yer ilgi cekici, degerli tespitler de barindirmakla birlikte; ilahiyat alanina yabanci olmanin, mustesriklerin tarafli yorumlarina itibar etmenin ve aydinlanmaci-pozitivist din tasavvuruna sahip olmanin yarattigi celiskiler ve sinirliliklarla maluldur. Berkes’in; Islam Hukuku’nun, dini dogmalara dayandigi icin duragan bir toplum yarattigi, toplumsal degismeye karsi, cagdas ihtiyaclari karsilamaktan uzak oldugu gibi tespitleri bizce gercegi yansitmamaktadir. Fikih bilginleri, dinin ruhuna ve acik naslara aykiri o...
Determinism-voluntarism dichotomy about human behaviours has caused theoretic polarizations both ... more Determinism-voluntarism dichotomy about human behaviours has caused theoretic polarizations both in social sciences and theology. In sociology, the perceptive of positivist-naturalist social science which has produced the macro theories emphasizing structures and systems determining the actions of individuals is on the side of determinist c& the perceptive of interpretative-humanist which has produced theories emphasizing a human subject building up the structures and systems is on the side of voluntarist camp. In the Kalam, it is possible to trace the same discussion about human behaviour. However, here, we notice that the issue is to be discussed regarding to the belief in destiny. In the Kalam, instead of structure, system, etc. which determines human behaviour in the sociology, God, omnipotent, is to take part in. In the Islamic studies, the destiny problem which implies that human behaviour has been determined by Allah in advance is issue of compromising with omnipotent of God ...
Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies, 2021
In this study, it is emphasized that there are two different readings of Ibn Khaldun, which are d... more In this study, it is emphasized that there are two different readings of Ibn Khaldun, which are diametrically opposed to each other, and these different readings are discussed on the basis of his views on religion-state relations, and it is tried to reveal which Ibn Khaldun's conception is more accurate. It has been determined that the approach claiming that Ibn Khaldun defended the laic-secular state administration mostly depended on the enlightenment-positivist world view and it is based on Ibn Khaldun's rational politicsreligious politics, the caliphate-sultanate and rational sciences-religious sciences distinction. Likewise, it has been determined that the second approach, which advocates the opposite idea, rejects the universal human evolution scheme of the enlightened-positivist paradigm, emphasizes the difference between the historicalcultural accumulation and experience of Islamic civilization and Christian-Western civilization, and claims that it is not possible to associate Ibn Khaldun, who is a member of the tradition of Islamic thought, with a principle such as laicism, which is the product of the specific historical-cultural experience of the West. It was emphasized that, unlike the West, there was no conflict between religion and state and other institutions in the Islamic world, based on arguments such as the institutional structure of Islam is different from Christianity and the absence of an organization that represents religion, such as the Church, that has become the focus of economic, legal, political and intellectual power and the advanced ability of tradition of Islamic thought and the understanding of law to adapt to social reality. By stating that Ibn Khaldun openly defended the unity of religion and state in accordance with the traditional Islamic thought, it was concluded that he was not a supporter of the secular state administration and therefore the approach that envisioned him as a thinker committed to the tradition of Islamic thought was correct.
Although the sociological positivism developed by the famous French philosopher and sociologist A... more Although the sociological positivism developed by the famous French philosopher and sociologist Auguste Comte (1798-1857), is often associated with the idea of enlightenment and its progress conception, there is also an anti-enlightenment vnessel in Comte's conception of positivism. We will discourse on this vessel we generally believe to be neglected or not understood correctly, and we will examine the subject by associating it with the metaphysical stage in the famous three-state law of Comte. According to Comte, the metaphysical phase is a transitional phase that arises from the inability of the human mind to pass directly from theological to positive thinking. At this stage, the human mind is prepared for positive thinking step by step. The idea of Comte's evolutionist progression, his unshakable confidence in reason and science, and his need to use the method of natural sciences in social sciences is undoubtedly the heritage of enlightenment. His passion for order, however, led the enlightened thinkers to rank as metaphysicians. According to him, the idea of enlightenment, the individual emphasizes, flourishes anarchic principles such as individual freedom, equality, and sovereignty of the people. It was not possible to construct a positive-organic society with this principle. He applauded the traditional thinkers for defending order and consensus, but for the reconstruction of the order, he considered the idea that it was necessary to go back to the feudal-Catholic system of the past, was impossible and funny. Because history was not able to flow backwards. That is why he tried to dissolve the notion of enlightened progress and the notion of traditionalist order in a pot. For this purpose, the positive sciences had to be completed with the science of sociology which he had recently established. Sociology, a positive science, would show the way to progress to the western people without compromising order.
The concept of religious behaviour in terms of sociology of religion is to refer to a special kin... more The concept of religious behaviour in terms of sociology of religion is to refer to a special kind of social behaviour. It is either a direct religious behaviour (religious ceremonies, etc.) or is shaped by religious forms and contents. In sociology, there are fundamental differences between the positivist and the interpretative conception of sociology. While the first one produces the macro theories emphasizing structures and systems which determine the actions of individuals, the second one produces theories building up the structures and systems and emphasizing a person as the subject. The dualism of action-structure has important consequences in terms of religious behaviour theories. The structural theories tend to see religion as a result of large scale social changes and emphasize the important of religion to the needs of a society. In the theories emphasizing a person as the subject the target is to understand action of the actor by interpreting. According to these theories, ...
It is seen thatboth in social sciences and theology human behaviours have critical importance.How... more It is seen thatboth in social sciences and theology human behaviours have critical importance.However while social sciences and especially behavioral sciences are lookingfor the psychological and social reasons under lying behaviour; theology takesacts into consideration both in terms of secular and otherworldly results,tries to harden between the endless and limitless will of God and religiousand ethical responsibility of man. While behavioral sciences have a descriptivecharacter, the normative side of theology predominates. Determinismvoluntarismdichotomy about human behaviours has caused theoreticpolarizations both in social sciences and theology. It can be easily concludedthat in social sciences, the perceptive of positivist-naturalist social science isin the determinist c& the perceptive of interpretive- constructionist whichhas raised as a reaction to the aforementioned perspective is in the voluntaristcamp. There are important differences between the imagination of religiousb...
Anahtar Kelimeler : Determinizm, İradecilikÖZETSOSYAL BİLİMLERİN DAVRANIŞ KURAMLARI İLE DİNİ İLİM... more Anahtar Kelimeler : Determinizm, İradecilikÖZETSOSYAL BİLİMLERİN DAVRANIŞ KURAMLARI İLE DİNİ İLİMLERİN AMEL NAZARİYELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI Hem sosyal bilimler hem de dini ilimlerde insan davranışının merkezi bir öneme sahip olduğunu görüyoruz. Ancak sosyal bilimler ve bilhassa davranış bilimleri, davranışın altında yatan psikolojik ve sosyal sebepleri araştırırken; dini ilimler, amelleri hem dünyevi hem de uhrevi sonuçları bakımından değerlendirmekte, Allah’ın sonsuz ve sınırsız iradesiyle insanın dini ve ahlaki sorumluluğu arasında bir denge kurmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Davranış bilimleri deskriptif bir karaktere sahipken, dini ilimlerin normatif yönü ağır basmaktadır.Dini ilimlerin amel tasavvurunun, sosyal bilimlerinkinden daha kapsamlı olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Sosyal bilimler, davranışı yalnızca dünyevi ve fiziki sebep ve sonuçlarıyla değerlendirirken; dini ilimler, insan davranışını dünyevi, metafiziksel ve uhrevi sebep ve sonuçlarıyla birlikte değerlendirmektedir.İnsan davranı...
Merkezzâde Ahmed Efendi (ölümü: 963/1556), meşhur Halvetî-Sünbülî şeyhi Merkez Efendi’nin oğludur... more Merkezzâde Ahmed Efendi (ölümü: 963/1556), meşhur Halvetî-Sünbülî şeyhi Merkez Efendi’nin oğludur. Bundan dolayı Merkezzâde, İbn Merkez ve Merkezî adlarıyla anılmaktadır. Ahmed Efendi’nin soyundan gelen Prof. Dr. Emel Esin’de mevcut olan İstanbul’daki Merkez Efendi Külliyesi’nin hamam ve müştemilatına ait 959/1552 tarihli vakfiyeye göre annesi, Yavuz Sultan Selim’in kızı Şah Sultan’dır. Kaynaklarda doğum tarihi belirtilmeyen Ahmed Efendi babasından Arapça, Hadis, Tefsîr dersleri okudu. Zamanla ilimde babasını geçtiği rivayet edilmektedir. Daha sonra tasavvuf yoluna girdi ve bu yolun son noktasına kadar ulaştı. Vaaz ve nasihatle meşgul oldu. Bu şekilde kendisinden pek çok kimse istifade etmiştir. Ahmed Efendi, Arap Dilinin en önemli sözlüklerinden biri olan, Fîrûzâbâdî’nin (ö. 817/1415) el-Kâmûsü’l- Muhît adlı eserinin ilk Türkçe tercümesi el-Bâbûs’ü 950/1543 yılında tamamladı. Kaynaklarda, bu tercümenin ulema nezdinde çok itibar gördüğü kaydedilmektedir. Ahmed Efendi sözlüğünün muka...
Niyazi Berkes (1908-1988), Turk modernlesmesi ve cagdaslasmasi ile ilgili gorusleriyle taninan on... more Niyazi Berkes (1908-1988), Turk modernlesmesi ve cagdaslasmasi ile ilgili gorusleriyle taninan onemli bir fikir adami ve sosyologdur. Berkes’in, cagdaslasma meselesini; aydinlanmaci-pozitivist, modernlesmeci, bati merkezci bir paradigmadan hareketle cozumlemekte oldugu gorulmektedir. Dolayisiyla soz konusu paradigmaya yonelik tum elestirilerin Berkes’e de yoneltilebilecegini rahatlikla soyleyebiliriz. Onun Kur’an, Sunnet, Islam Hukuku, Tasavvuf gibi konulardaki yazilari, yer yer ilgi cekici, degerli tespitler de barindirmakla birlikte; ilahiyat alanina yabanci olmanin, mustesriklerin tarafli yorumlarina itibar etmenin ve aydinlanmaci-pozitivist din tasavvuruna sahip olmanin yarattigi celiskiler ve sinirliliklarla maluldur. Berkes’in; Islam Hukuku’nun, dini dogmalara dayandigi icin duragan bir toplum yarattigi, toplumsal degismeye karsi, cagdas ihtiyaclari karsilamaktan uzak oldugu gibi tespitleri bizce gercegi yansitmamaktadir. Fikih bilginleri, dinin ruhuna ve acik naslara aykiri o...
Determinism-voluntarism dichotomy about human behaviours has caused theoretic polarizations both ... more Determinism-voluntarism dichotomy about human behaviours has caused theoretic polarizations both in social sciences and theology. In sociology, the perceptive of positivist-naturalist social science which has produced the macro theories emphasizing structures and systems determining the actions of individuals is on the side of determinist c& the perceptive of interpretative-humanist which has produced theories emphasizing a human subject building up the structures and systems is on the side of voluntarist camp. In the Kalam, it is possible to trace the same discussion about human behaviour. However, here, we notice that the issue is to be discussed regarding to the belief in destiny. In the Kalam, instead of structure, system, etc. which determines human behaviour in the sociology, God, omnipotent, is to take part in. In the Islamic studies, the destiny problem which implies that human behaviour has been determined by Allah in advance is issue of compromising with omnipotent of God ...
Turkish Studies-Comparative Religious Studies, 2021
In this study, it is emphasized that there are two different readings of Ibn Khaldun, which are d... more In this study, it is emphasized that there are two different readings of Ibn Khaldun, which are diametrically opposed to each other, and these different readings are discussed on the basis of his views on religion-state relations, and it is tried to reveal which Ibn Khaldun's conception is more accurate. It has been determined that the approach claiming that Ibn Khaldun defended the laic-secular state administration mostly depended on the enlightenment-positivist world view and it is based on Ibn Khaldun's rational politicsreligious politics, the caliphate-sultanate and rational sciences-religious sciences distinction. Likewise, it has been determined that the second approach, which advocates the opposite idea, rejects the universal human evolution scheme of the enlightened-positivist paradigm, emphasizes the difference between the historicalcultural accumulation and experience of Islamic civilization and Christian-Western civilization, and claims that it is not possible to associate Ibn Khaldun, who is a member of the tradition of Islamic thought, with a principle such as laicism, which is the product of the specific historical-cultural experience of the West. It was emphasized that, unlike the West, there was no conflict between religion and state and other institutions in the Islamic world, based on arguments such as the institutional structure of Islam is different from Christianity and the absence of an organization that represents religion, such as the Church, that has become the focus of economic, legal, political and intellectual power and the advanced ability of tradition of Islamic thought and the understanding of law to adapt to social reality. By stating that Ibn Khaldun openly defended the unity of religion and state in accordance with the traditional Islamic thought, it was concluded that he was not a supporter of the secular state administration and therefore the approach that envisioned him as a thinker committed to the tradition of Islamic thought was correct.
Although the sociological positivism developed by the famous French philosopher and sociologist A... more Although the sociological positivism developed by the famous French philosopher and sociologist Auguste Comte (1798-1857), is often associated with the idea of enlightenment and its progress conception, there is also an anti-enlightenment vnessel in Comte's conception of positivism. We will discourse on this vessel we generally believe to be neglected or not understood correctly, and we will examine the subject by associating it with the metaphysical stage in the famous three-state law of Comte. According to Comte, the metaphysical phase is a transitional phase that arises from the inability of the human mind to pass directly from theological to positive thinking. At this stage, the human mind is prepared for positive thinking step by step. The idea of Comte's evolutionist progression, his unshakable confidence in reason and science, and his need to use the method of natural sciences in social sciences is undoubtedly the heritage of enlightenment. His passion for order, however, led the enlightened thinkers to rank as metaphysicians. According to him, the idea of enlightenment, the individual emphasizes, flourishes anarchic principles such as individual freedom, equality, and sovereignty of the people. It was not possible to construct a positive-organic society with this principle. He applauded the traditional thinkers for defending order and consensus, but for the reconstruction of the order, he considered the idea that it was necessary to go back to the feudal-Catholic system of the past, was impossible and funny. Because history was not able to flow backwards. That is why he tried to dissolve the notion of enlightened progress and the notion of traditionalist order in a pot. For this purpose, the positive sciences had to be completed with the science of sociology which he had recently established. Sociology, a positive science, would show the way to progress to the western people without compromising order.
The concept of religious behaviour in terms of sociology of religion is to refer to a special kin... more The concept of religious behaviour in terms of sociology of religion is to refer to a special kind of social behaviour. It is either a direct religious behaviour (religious ceremonies, etc.) or is shaped by religious forms and contents. In sociology, there are fundamental differences between the positivist and the interpretative conception of sociology. While the first one produces the macro theories emphasizing structures and systems which determine the actions of individuals, the second one produces theories building up the structures and systems and emphasizing a person as the subject. The dualism of action-structure has important consequences in terms of religious behaviour theories. The structural theories tend to see religion as a result of large scale social changes and emphasize the important of religion to the needs of a society. In the theories emphasizing a person as the subject the target is to understand action of the actor by interpreting. According to these theories, ...
It is seen thatboth in social sciences and theology human behaviours have critical importance.How... more It is seen thatboth in social sciences and theology human behaviours have critical importance.However while social sciences and especially behavioral sciences are lookingfor the psychological and social reasons under lying behaviour; theology takesacts into consideration both in terms of secular and otherworldly results,tries to harden between the endless and limitless will of God and religiousand ethical responsibility of man. While behavioral sciences have a descriptivecharacter, the normative side of theology predominates. Determinismvoluntarismdichotomy about human behaviours has caused theoreticpolarizations both in social sciences and theology. It can be easily concludedthat in social sciences, the perceptive of positivist-naturalist social science isin the determinist c& the perceptive of interpretive- constructionist whichhas raised as a reaction to the aforementioned perspective is in the voluntaristcamp. There are important differences between the imagination of religiousb...
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