Papers by MUHAMMAD AHMAD RAZA
Cells
Environmental abiotic stresses challenge food security by depressing crop yields often exceeding ... more Environmental abiotic stresses challenge food security by depressing crop yields often exceeding 50% of their annual production. Different methods, including conventional as well as genomic-assisted breeding, mutagenesis, and genetic engineering have been utilized to enhance stress resilience in several crop species. Plant breeding has been partly successful in developing crop varieties against abiotic stresses owning to the complex genetics of the traits as well as the narrow genetic base in the germplasm. Irrespective of the fact that genetic engineering can transfer gene(s) from any organism(s), transgenic crops have become controversial mainly due to the potential risk of transgene-outcrossing. Consequently, the cultivation of transgenic crops is banned in certain countries, particularly in European countries. In this scenario, the discovery of the CRISPR tool provides a platform for producing transgene-free genetically edited plants—similar to the mutagenized crops that are not...
Journal of King Saud University - Science
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Central Asia
Afghanistan is located at the convergence of Central, Middle and South Asian regions, one of the ... more Afghanistan is located at the convergence of Central, Middle and South Asian regions, one of the most world prime geographical locations. Its strategic location and abundant mineral resources have always attracted international community including India. Hence Indian objectives to develop relations with Afghanistan are manifold and decades old. Indian foreign policy is devised by many factors like its bitter relations with Pakistan and its desire of access route to Central Asian Republics by limiting Pakistan’s reach that has serious implications for Pakistan. In view of its past experience, Pakistan perceives Indian extended desire to engage in Afghanistan as a deliberate strategy of using the later as a battleground to show its power and use influence against Pakistan. Terrorist incidents in Balochistan provide evidence and links with Indian RAW activities organized in Afghan areas. So, Indian intention to invest in Afghanistan for infrastructure rebuilding is not as simple as it ...
Cureus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome management secondary to coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been overw... more Severe acute respiratory syndrome management secondary to coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been overwhelming for healthcare systems. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection can present with symptoms ranging from a mild flu-like illness to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients who develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and present with hypoxic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation typically follow ARDS physiology. Many of them develop complications including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium. In this case series, we present multiple instances where patients with severe COVID-19 infections developed tension pneumothoraces during their hospital course.
Cureus
Encephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain that is most frequently caused by viral infectio... more Encephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain that is most frequently caused by viral infection (particularly herpes simplex virus type 1 [HSV-1]). In some instances, it may be associated with substantial neurological mortality and long-term morbidity. Although HSV-1 is the most common agent involved in producing neurological infections and disorders, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) can occasionally affect the central nervous system, particularly in immunocompromised patients. We discuss the case of an immunocompetent male patient with a history of well-controlled diabetes who presented with symptoms of encephalitis. Our patient did not have a history of herpes infection, indicating the presence of subclinical infections. His initial magnetic resonance imaging was inconclusive, but the diagnosis was established following a lumbar puncture and subsequent cerebrospinal fluid analyses.
Symmetry
Expectiles have gained considerable attention in recent years due to wide applications in many ar... more Expectiles have gained considerable attention in recent years due to wide applications in many areas. In this study, the k-nearest neighbours approach, together with the asymmetric least squares loss function, called ex-kNN, is proposed for computing expectiles. Firstly, the effect of various distance measures on ex-kNN in terms of test error and computational time is evaluated. It is found that Canberra, Lorentzian, and Soergel distance measures lead to minimum test error, whereas Euclidean, Canberra, and Average of (L1,L∞) lead to a low computational cost. Secondly, the performance of ex-kNN is compared with existing packages er-boost and ex-svm for computing expectiles that are based on nine real life examples. Depending on the nature of data, the ex-kNN showed two to 10 times better performance than er-boost and comparable performance with ex-svm regarding test error. Computationally, the ex-kNN is found two to five times faster than ex-svm and much faster than er-boost, particu...
Cureus
Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug with a structure comparable to thyroid hormone and ... more Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug with a structure comparable to thyroid hormone and 37% iodine content by weight. In addition to direct drug cytotoxicity on thyroid cells, amiodarone deiodination in the body releases an excessive amount of iodine, which can impair thyroid function and cause hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, including thyroid storm in susceptible individuals. In this report, we discuss the case of a 52-year-old woman who experienced a thyroid storm after being treated with amiodarone, eventually leading to her death.
arXiv (Cornell University), Dec 6, 2021
Learning object-centric scene representations is essential for attaining structural understanding... more Learning object-centric scene representations is essential for attaining structural understanding and abstraction of complex scenes. Yet, as current approaches for unsupervised object-centric representation learning are built upon either a stationary observer assumption or a static scene assumption, they often: i) suffer single-view spatial ambiguities, or ii) infer incorrectly or inaccurately object representations from dynamic scenes. To address this, we propose Dynamicsaware Multi-Object Network (DyMON), a method that broadens the scope of multi-view object-centric representation learning to dynamic scenes. We train Dy-MON on multi-view-dynamic-scene data and show that DyMON learns-without supervision-to factorize the entangled effects of observer motions and scene object dynamics from a sequence of observations, and constructs scene object spatial representations suitable for rendering at arbitrary times (querying across time) and from arbitrary viewpoints (querying across space). We also show that the factorized scene representations (w.r.t. objects) support querying about a single object by space and time independently.
Sensors, 2022
The use of face masks has increased dramatically since the COVID-19 pandemic started in order to ... more The use of face masks has increased dramatically since the COVID-19 pandemic started in order to to curb the spread of the disease. Additionally, breakthrough infections caused by the Delta and Omicron variants have further increased the importance of wearing a face mask, even for vaccinated individuals. However, the use of face masks also induces attenuation in speech signals, and this change may impact speech processing technologies, e.g., automated speaker verification (ASV) and speech to text conversion. In this paper we examine Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) systems against the speech samples in the presence of three different types of face mask: surgical, cloth, and filtered N95, and analyze the impact on acoustics and other factors. In addition, we explore the effect of different microphones, and distance from the microphone, and the impact of face masks when speakers use ASV systems in real-world scenarios. Our analysis shows a significant deterioration in performance ...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2022
Background: The endometrial polyps are overgrowths of localized endometrial tissue. These Polyps ... more Background: The endometrial polyps are overgrowths of localized endometrial tissue. These Polyps vary in size and can be pedunculated or sessile, single or multiple and they contain blood vessels and stroma in varying amounts covered by pseudo stratified epithelium. Depending on the pattern analyzed and the resection techniques used, occurrence rate of malignancy related to endometrial polyp levels from 0.8% to 8%1. Aim: To find out the rate of malignancy of endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women that are symptomatic. Method: In this systematic review data extracted by different search engines. The following search engines provided data for this systematic review, PubMed, Medline, Science direct, NCBI, Medscape, and Google scholars. Results: A literature review of more than 25 articles was included in this review, it is found that endometrial polyp is an asymptomatic disease so it can occur in both groups of reproduction and postmenopausal. The mean age of all subjects is about ...
Statistical Learning-Based Grant-Free Access for Delay-Sensitive Internet of Things Applications
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022
This research is an extension of classical statistics distribution theory as the theory did not&l... more This research is an extension of classical statistics distribution theory as the theory did not<br> deal with the problems having ambiguity, impreciseness, or indeterminacy. An important life-time<br> distribution called Beta distribution from classical statistics is proposed by considering the<br> indeterminate environment and named the new proposed distribution as neutrosophic beta<br> distribution. Various distributional properties like mean, variance, moment generating function, r-th<br> moment order statistics that includes smallest order statistics, largest order statistics, joint order<br> statistics, and median order statistics are derived. The parameters of the proposed distribution are<br> estimated via maximum likelihood method. Proposed distribution is applied on two real data sets<br> and goodness of fit is assessed through AIC and BIC criteria's. The estimates of the proposed<br> distribution suggested a better ...
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2022
Plant communities in cities have obvious beautification and improvement effects on the environmen... more Plant communities in cities have obvious beautification and improvement effects on the environment, and at the same time are important places and open spaces for biodiversity conservation. With the acceleration of urbanization, the research and development of urban plant communities has become a trend of urban ecological construction, and making full use of trees is also an important guiding ideology in current urban greening in my country. Therefore, this article conducts a comparative analysis and research on the species diversity of different types of plant communities in the urban area Karachi. In Karachi, which is in the province of sindh, Pakistan, roadside trees along various road types (e.g., wide, medium and narrow roads) have been studied. Field study has been conducted on different paths of the Karachi city to understand the diversity pattern of the species. A total of 150 plots, divided into 3 categories of roads which were surveyed. The highest quantity of tree biomass per unit area was found on wide roads, followed by medium roads. On narrow roads, the least biomass was detected. A single species or a limited number of species dominated the diversity of species. Conocarpus erectus was the most dominant non-native species along all types of roads, followed by the species Guaiacum officinale. A total of 76 species (32 non-native and 44 native) that were selectively spread along the roadsides of the city were studied. There was a significant difference in phylogenetic diversity (PD), phylogenetic mean pairwise distance (MPD) and phylogenetic mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) between different types of roads. Our study identified patterns of diversity in roadside trees in Karachi.
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2017
A coexistence decision-making (CDM) system for efficient TV whitespace (TVWS) sharing among white... more A coexistence decision-making (CDM) system for efficient TV whitespace (TVWS) sharing among whitespace objects (WSOs) is introduced in this paper. The proposed system is considered versatile in functionality as it jointly takes care of three distinct channel allocation features: (a) optimizing system quality of service (QoS) performance metrics, (b) improving TVWS utility, and (c) satisfying WSO channel demands. Regarding system QoS performance metrics, the TVWS sharing problem is defined as an optimization problem with an aim to maximize the system throughput and minimize unfairness in allocation. Supporting the WSOs channel demands in a TVWS sharing problem is a multifold task which requires elaborate consideration in different aspects of the system performance. To this end, the variations of the SNR of wireless frequency channels which result in variable throughput gain of the WSOs are also taken care of in the proposed CDM system. A fast channel allocation algorithm is then desi...
Toxocara (T) vitulorum is a nematode, which residues in the small intestines of Bubalus and Bos s... more Toxocara (T) vitulorum is a nematode, which residues in the small intestines of Bubalus and Bos species. The present study was conducted from January to March 2008 in Multan district, Pakistan to determine the prevalence of T. vitulorum in cattle and buffalo in relation with species, age and sex of the host. Small intestines of (n=282) buffalo were examined (n=180) were found positive and prevalence of T. vitulorum was recorded as 63.83% while intestines of cattle found positive (n=54) out of (n=144) and its prevalence was 37.50%. The data was analyzed statistically by using Chi- square and there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in buffalo and cattle indicating that prevalence of T. vitulorum is species dependent. Cattle and buffalo were divided into three different age groups. In group A, cattle and buffalo were ≥1 year of age, in group B between 1-5 years of age and in group C ≤5 years of age. Prevalence of T. vitulorum was 72.09% (186/258) in group A, 18.18% (12/66) in gr...
Physical barriers like head works, dams barrages are main cause of fragmentation and declining of... more Physical barriers like head works, dams barrages are main cause of fragmentation and declining of freshwater fish population in natural habitat. Present study focused on RAPD marker technique to assess the genetic variability among and between the populations of endangered sperata sarwari (Singharee) inhabited in the Indus drainage system of Punjab. Total eight populations (80 speciemen) of S. sarwari were collected from the up and downstream of four Rivers (Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi and Indus) of Punjab. Genomic DNA isolated from muscle tissue of adipose side and ten RAPD marker were used, which produced 50 scorable bands with average band ranging from 250–1050 bp which used for further genetic analysis of S. sarwari. Downstream Indus population of S. sarwari showed highest values of observed alleles (na), effected alleles (ne), Nei’s diversity (h), Shannon index (I) and polymorphism which indicated that downstream Indus population was more genetically variant. The genetic variability (...
ArXiv, 2018
The problem of providing massive connectivity in Internet-of-Things (IoT) with a limited number o... more The problem of providing massive connectivity in Internet-of-Things (IoT) with a limited number of available resources motivates the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) solutions. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the signature-based NOMA (S-NOMA) schemes as potential candidates for IoT. The signature in S-NOMA represents the way the data stream of an active device is spread over available resources in a non-orthogonal manner. It can be designed based on device-specific codebook structures, delay patterns, spreading sequences, interleaving patterns, and scrambling sequences. Additionally, we present the detection algorithms employed to decode each device's data from non-orthogonally superimposed signals at the receiver. The bit error rate of different S-NOMA schemes is simulated in impulsive noise environments, which can be important in machine-type communications. Simulation results show that the performance of the S-NOMA schemes degrades under such condit...
This research is an extension of classical statistics distribution theory as the theory did not d... more This research is an extension of classical statistics distribution theory as the theory did not deal with the problems having ambiguity, impreciseness, or indeterminacy. An important life-time distribution called Beta distribution from classical statistics is proposed by considering the indeterminate environment and named the new proposed distribution as neutrosophic beta distribution. Various distributional properties like mean, variance, moment generating function, r-th moment order statistics that includes smallest order statistics, largest order statistics, joint order statistics, and median order statistics are derived. The parameters of the proposed distribution are estimated via maximum likelihood method. Proposed distribution is applied on two real data sets and goodness of fit is assessed through AIC and BIC criteria’s. The estimates of the proposed distribution suggested a better fit than the classical form of Beta distribution and recommended to use when the data in the i...
IEEE Access, 2021
Applications and technologies of the Internet of Things are in high demand with the increase of n... more Applications and technologies of the Internet of Things are in high demand with the increase of network devices. With the development of technologies such as 5G, machine learning, edge computing, and Industry 4.0, the Internet of Things has evolved. This survey article discusses the evolution of the Internet of Things and presents the vision for Internet of Things 2.0. The Internet of Things 2.0 development is discussed across seven major fields. These fields are machine learning intelligence, mission critical communication, scalability, energy harvesting-based energy sustainability, interoperability, user friendly IoT, and security. Other than these major fields, the architectural development of the Internet of Things and major types of applications are also reviewed. Finally, this article ends with the vision and current limitations of the Internet of Things in future network environments.
Scientia Iranica, 2020
This study proposed a dual EWMA statistics based nonparametric sign control chart to monitor the ... more This study proposed a dual EWMA statistics based nonparametric sign control chart to monitor the process deviation from the targeted value. The performance of the proposed chart is compared with the existing nonparametric version of the EWMA sign and CUSUM mean control charts by using out-of-control average run length for various shifts in the process. The simulation study showed the superiority of the suggested chart over the existing counterparts. A real dataset is also considered for the application of the proposed chart.
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Papers by MUHAMMAD AHMAD RAZA