International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Background: Evaluating Foveal avascular zone by OCTA (Optical Coherence Tomography angiography) i... more Background: Evaluating Foveal avascular zone by OCTA (Optical Coherence Tomography angiography) in diabetic patients, has a crucial role in early detection of pathophhsiological changes affecting the macular area, and has a pedective value for early retinal neuro degenerative changes. Materials and experiments: Aim: To evaluate dimensions of Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) at level of superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP/DCP) in patients with different grades of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy without Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) using OCTA. Eighty type II diabetes mellitus patients and 20 healthy control, ecxluding proliferative diabetic retinopathy and DME. Divided to four groups according to ETDRS Classification. All undewent: measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin level, standard Structural OCT for the macula and optic nerve head with OCTA for evaluation of FAZ in both SCP and DCP networks of all eyes using (Heidelberg engineering, OCT spectralis, Germany) (SD-OCT). Results: Mean FAZ in SCP in control group (0.32 ± 0.12) mm 2 versus (0.44 ± 0.17) mm 2 in patients` group, while FAZ IN DCP (0.23) mm 2 ± 0.12 in controls versus (0.34 ± 0.16) mm 2 in patients. There was a statistically significant wider FAZ in DR patients (P-value 0.003). Conclusion: Enlargement of FAZ in SCP and DCP in patients with moderate to severe NPDR without DME was detected using OCTA, Preceeded by reduction in thickness of ORL and GCC layer. This can be used to monitor the progression of the disease and to evaluate the response to treatment.
Evaluating the action of the residues of pesticides on non-target organisms has been of interest ... more Evaluating the action of the residues of pesticides on non-target organisms has been of interest to many researchers. The present study aimed to evaluate the pesticides deltamethrin and endosulfan on biochemical toxicity and some neurotransmitter contents in different brain areas of male albino mice. The results showed that the daily oral administration of deltamethrin and endosulfan caused a significant decrease in neurotransmitter contents (NE, DA and GABA) in most of the tested brain areas (cerebellum, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem and hippocampus). On the other hand a gradual significant reduction, ALT, AST and ALP enzyme activities, while the glucose level and acid phosphatase increase were observed in serum of mice treated with deltamethrin and endosulfan for two weeks. Also, this study has a significant inhibition in the activities of enzymes in liver tissues of treated mice including glutathione reductase. Meanwhile, the activity of lipid peroxide, glyc...
Male albino rats (Rattus rattus) were divided into four groups of fifteen rats in each group. Two... more Male albino rats (Rattus rattus) were divided into four groups of fifteen rats in each group. Two of the studied groups (Group I & II) including the control group (Group I) administered tap water and uncontaminated dried fish collected from a branch of the river Nile, Bahr Yousef at El-Fayoum Governorate. Other studied groups (III & IV) administered highly heavy metals contaminated water and dried fish collected from El-Bats drainage canal, where agricultural and waste municipal of Fayoum Governorate discharged. Moreover, rats in the aforementioned groups administered uncontaminated and contaminated water and dried fish, for eight weeks, supplemented with 300 mg fennel /kg body weight/ day (Second and Fourth groups).The present study revealed highly bioaccumulated heavy metals (copper, lead. Cadmium and zinc) in liver and kidney of rats administered contaminated water and dried fish. Moreover, rats exhibited the lowest growth rate and progressive fall in RBCs count, Hb content, haem...
Background Diabetic macular edema (DME) is defined as a retinal thickening in one-disc diameter (... more Background Diabetic macular edema (DME) is defined as a retinal thickening in one-disc diameter (DD) of the centre of the macula. It is a number of microvascular retinal changes that lead to blood–retinal barrier (BRB) disruption, causing leakage of fluid and plasma components into the inner and outer plexiform layers. Aim of the Work to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis estimating the efficacy and complications of posterior sub-Tenon’s capsule injection of triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) compared to intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for management of DME. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the databases Google scholar, PubMed, MEDS, web of science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for published studies from 1 January 2000 to 1 September 2019.This meta-analysis included ten studies. They were randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), and about 343 patients with DME (469 eyes) participated in these studies. R...
Global Retinoblastoma Study Group IMPORTANCE Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common i... more Global Retinoblastoma Study Group IMPORTANCE Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. OBJECTIVES To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. RESULTS The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.
Background: The superficial location of the eye and its cystic composition make ultrasound ideal ... more Background: The superficial location of the eye and its cystic composition make ultrasound ideal for imaging the eye. It is a simple, non ionizing, cost effective, real time imaging modality providing detailed cross sectional anatomy of the entire globe. Aim of Study: To evaluate the accuracy of B-scan ultrasonography (US) in various types of ocular trauma by comparing the findings with the clinical examination and surgical findings if possible. Patients and Methods: Descriptive analysis of cases of ocular trauma in patients who presented to Ophthalmology Department, Ain Shams University, in the period from November 2017 to May 2018 to compare clinical and surgical findings in those patients with the ultrasonography findings. Results: Accuracy of US in the present study in prediction of post traumatic cataract was 80%, lens dislocation was 83.64%, vitreous hemorrhage was 100%, PVD was 100%, choroidal detachment was 100%, partial retinal detachment was 96.4% and in detection of metallic IOFB was 100%. Conclusion: Ultrasound B-scan is an excellent, noninvasive, rapid diagnostic tool in assessing intraocular damage caused by blunt or penetrating eye injuries which most of the time renders ophthalmoscopy impossible due to opacification of light transmitting media. The images provide essential and detailed information about soft tissues damage, helping in the decision regarding early surgery, before chronic changes have occurred.
Role of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation on Some Physiological and Histopathological Changes in the Cultured Oreochromis Niloticus and Mugil Cephalus at El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt
Choudhury et al., 2000b; Weijl et al., 2004). Moreover, these drugs are also highly genotoxic, in... more Choudhury et al., 2000b; Weijl et al., 2004). Moreover, these drugs are also highly genotoxic, inducing cytogenetic damage as well as cytostatic activity in many test systems (Osanto et al., 1991; Krishnaswamy and Dewey, 1993; Antunes et al., 2000). There is evidence that oxidative stress and the formation of reactive oxygen species is responsible for the toxic effects of these drugs (Jordan and Carmo-Fonseca, 2000; Widemann and Adamson, 2006). Dietary antioxidants may enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy by decreasing or preventing certain side effects resulted from * Significant at p < 0.05, ** highly significant at p < 0.01, *** Very highly significant at p < 0.001, using Student's t-test. 23.280 + 2.271 b*** 31.847 + 4.062 b* c*** Five mice were used per group and data was expressed as Mean + SD. a, Statistically compared with the negative control group. b, Statistically compared with CMN group.
Background: Transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS) had shown a growing interest during the last few ... more Background: Transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS) had shown a growing interest during the last few years in the diagnosis of some chest diseases that have a high mortality. Objective: This study was conducted to decide the diagnostic performance of TUS in patients with pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. METHODS: Patients and methods: The study population involved 17 cases of pneumonia (10 males and 7 females) with a mean age of 52.02 years and 14 cases of pulmonary embolism(9 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 43.4 yrs. Diagnosis was based on the standard guidelines. Chest x-rays, arterial blood gases, Multislice CT chest with pulmonary angiography and TUS were implemented. Lung profiles and other sonographic abnormalities were evaluated by TUS. RESULTS: Results: The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of TUS were 88.2%, 87.5% and 93.5% respectively for pneumonia, while, those for embolism were71.4%, 80.9% and 87.1 % respectively. C hest x-ray was diagnostic for pneumonia in 11/ 17 cases (sensitivity 64.7%) whereas TUS was positive in 14/ 17 (sensitivity 82.4%) with a significant higher area under the curve for TUS against chest x-ray (0.84 vs. 0.70, P¼0.02).TUS detected pleural effusion in 50% of cases of pneumonia and in 33.3% of cases of embolism, while in contrast. chest radiograph had a lower sensitivity (35% and 20% respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions: TUS is a real time bedside imaging application that can perform well as a rapid diagnostic technique among patients with pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. TUS seems to be superior to chest x-ray in diagnosis of pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and associated pleural effusion. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: TUS is a valuable imaging modality for rapid diagnosis of pneumonia and pulmonary embolism.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cellular photoablation using BCECF-AM [2', 7'-bis-... more To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cellular photoablation using BCECF-AM [2', 7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester mixed isomers] as a method to control postoperative fibrosis in subscleral trabeculectomy (SST) compared to mitomycin C (MMC) in a rabbit model. A comparative prospective case-control animal study was conducted. Fourteen rabbits were subjected to SST with intraoperative use of wound modulating agents (MMC or BCECF-AM) of the right eye (study groups I and II respectively) and SST without use of intraoperative wound modulating agents for the left eye (control group II). Two rabbits 4 eyes were considered as control group I with no surgical intervention. BCECF-AM was injected subconjunctivally 30min before surgery followed by intraoperative illumination with diffuse blue light for 10min. Antifibrotic efficacy was established by clinical response and histological examination. Clinical response was assessed by measuring intrao...
Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, 2013
Background: Conventional TB diagnosis continues to rely on smear microscopy, culture and chest ra... more Background: Conventional TB diagnosis continues to rely on smear microscopy, culture and chest radiography. Other non-conventional approaches include detection of immunological response and the search for biochemical markers. Cancer antigen 125 (Ca-125) was evaluated mainly in patients with extra pulmonary TB. Objective: This study was designed to detect the role of Ca-125 in differentiating pulmonary tuberculosis from other pulmonary infections. Also to determine the value of Ca-125 was an indicator of response to anti-tuberculous drugs. Design: Eighty patients were included in the study, 27 with active pulmonary TB and 33 with other pulmonary infections. Twenty healthy volunteers were used as a control group. Measurement of serum Ca-125 was performed once in all groups, it was re-assayed after 4 months of anti-tuberculous drugs among patients with active pulmonary TB. Results: There was a significant increase of Ca-125 among patients with active pulmonary TB than the other groups, which decrease significantly after anti-tuberculous drugs. The sensitivity and specificity of Ca-125 were found to be 81.4% and 95%, respectively, at a 34.6 U/ml cutoff point. Conclusion: Ca-125 can be a useful marker in differentiating pulmonary TB from other pulmonary infections and in assessment the response to anti-tuberculoussis drugs.
Background: Two major acute-phase proteins were identified in human, C-reactive protein and serum... more Background: Two major acute-phase proteins were identified in human, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A. There are 3 types of C-reactive protein assays: conventional C-reactive protein, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and cardiac C-reactive protein. High sensitivity C-reactive protein assays can detect minor inflammatory changes that could be missed by other indices of inflammation. Induced sputum cell counts are relatively non-invasive, safe and reliable method for identifying the presence and type of airway inflammation in asthmatic patients. Purpose of the work: This study was designed to detect the role of serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in asthmatic patients with or without inhaled corticosteroids treatment. Also to determine the relationship of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels to clinical indices of asthma and inflammatory cell counts in induced sputum. Subjects & Methods: Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein level, pulmonary function tests, body mass index and induced sputum cell counts were estimated in 50 asthmatic patients (26 steroid inhaled and 24 steroid naïve). Fifteen healthy volunteers, who matched in age and sex with the other groups, were used as a control group. Results: There was an increase of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in asthmatic patients among both steroid inhaled and steroid naïve patients compared to the healthy controls. Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein correlated negatively with pulmonary function tests and positively with sputum eosinophil % in both inhaled steroid and steroid naïve groups. Conclusion: High sensitivity C-reactive protein is one of the markers of systemic inflammation that can be indirectly reflecting the degree of severity of airway inflammation in bronchial asthma.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2012
with episodic viral wheeze who clinicians see in droves in the autumn and winter months, most of ... more with episodic viral wheeze who clinicians see in droves in the autumn and winter months, most of whom are not at high risk for asthma and allergic disease. In a large randomized, controlled trial of prednisolone for viral episodic wheeze (10) only 124 of 700 children enrolled were judged to be at high risk of asthma in later years using a recognized risk score (13). Hence the findings of these birth cohorts, although they have an important role in elucidating mechanisms of asthma etiology, do not help us predict whether children with episodic viral wheeze will respond to available treatments or indeed whether they will develop asthma in later years. Paradoxically, these are the questions parents would most like answered. The strength of the present study is to suggest mechanisms by which allergic sensitization and inflammation may lead to rhinovirus wheeze and asthma. The authors rightly point out that the results of allergen avoidance strategies have been disappointing. The COAST cohort should reinvigorate the search for novel therapeutic interventions to prevent allergic sensitization and asthma.
International journal of clinical and experimental pathology, 2014
CD117 (C-kit) is thought to play an important role in tumourigenesis. There are limited data in t... more CD117 (C-kit) is thought to play an important role in tumourigenesis. There are limited data in the literature concerning C-kit expression in retinoblastoma. To date, no immunohistochemical studies have been performed to assess the possible association of C-kit with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinoblastoma. This study was designed to investigate C-kit and VEGF immunoexpression in retinoblastoma, their relationship with prognostic parameters as well as the correlation between them. A prospective immunohistochemical study was conducted on 56 retinoblastoma cases. Patients who had received preoperative chemotherapy were excluded. Positive C-kit and VEGF immunoreactivity was observed in 48.2% and 76.8% of retinoblastoma cases respectively. No C-kit immunostaining was seen in the adjacent uninvolved retina. However, VEGF expression was detected within its vasculature. Retinoblastomas with combined pattern of tumour growth revealed a highly significant positive C-kit ex...
International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Background: Evaluating Foveal avascular zone by OCTA (Optical Coherence Tomography angiography) i... more Background: Evaluating Foveal avascular zone by OCTA (Optical Coherence Tomography angiography) in diabetic patients, has a crucial role in early detection of pathophhsiological changes affecting the macular area, and has a pedective value for early retinal neuro degenerative changes. Materials and experiments: Aim: To evaluate dimensions of Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) at level of superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP/DCP) in patients with different grades of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy without Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) using OCTA. Eighty type II diabetes mellitus patients and 20 healthy control, ecxluding proliferative diabetic retinopathy and DME. Divided to four groups according to ETDRS Classification. All undewent: measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin level, standard Structural OCT for the macula and optic nerve head with OCTA for evaluation of FAZ in both SCP and DCP networks of all eyes using (Heidelberg engineering, OCT spectralis, Germany) (SD-OCT). Results: Mean FAZ in SCP in control group (0.32 ± 0.12) mm 2 versus (0.44 ± 0.17) mm 2 in patients` group, while FAZ IN DCP (0.23) mm 2 ± 0.12 in controls versus (0.34 ± 0.16) mm 2 in patients. There was a statistically significant wider FAZ in DR patients (P-value 0.003). Conclusion: Enlargement of FAZ in SCP and DCP in patients with moderate to severe NPDR without DME was detected using OCTA, Preceeded by reduction in thickness of ORL and GCC layer. This can be used to monitor the progression of the disease and to evaluate the response to treatment.
Evaluating the action of the residues of pesticides on non-target organisms has been of interest ... more Evaluating the action of the residues of pesticides on non-target organisms has been of interest to many researchers. The present study aimed to evaluate the pesticides deltamethrin and endosulfan on biochemical toxicity and some neurotransmitter contents in different brain areas of male albino mice. The results showed that the daily oral administration of deltamethrin and endosulfan caused a significant decrease in neurotransmitter contents (NE, DA and GABA) in most of the tested brain areas (cerebellum, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem and hippocampus). On the other hand a gradual significant reduction, ALT, AST and ALP enzyme activities, while the glucose level and acid phosphatase increase were observed in serum of mice treated with deltamethrin and endosulfan for two weeks. Also, this study has a significant inhibition in the activities of enzymes in liver tissues of treated mice including glutathione reductase. Meanwhile, the activity of lipid peroxide, glyc...
Male albino rats (Rattus rattus) were divided into four groups of fifteen rats in each group. Two... more Male albino rats (Rattus rattus) were divided into four groups of fifteen rats in each group. Two of the studied groups (Group I & II) including the control group (Group I) administered tap water and uncontaminated dried fish collected from a branch of the river Nile, Bahr Yousef at El-Fayoum Governorate. Other studied groups (III & IV) administered highly heavy metals contaminated water and dried fish collected from El-Bats drainage canal, where agricultural and waste municipal of Fayoum Governorate discharged. Moreover, rats in the aforementioned groups administered uncontaminated and contaminated water and dried fish, for eight weeks, supplemented with 300 mg fennel /kg body weight/ day (Second and Fourth groups).The present study revealed highly bioaccumulated heavy metals (copper, lead. Cadmium and zinc) in liver and kidney of rats administered contaminated water and dried fish. Moreover, rats exhibited the lowest growth rate and progressive fall in RBCs count, Hb content, haem...
Background Diabetic macular edema (DME) is defined as a retinal thickening in one-disc diameter (... more Background Diabetic macular edema (DME) is defined as a retinal thickening in one-disc diameter (DD) of the centre of the macula. It is a number of microvascular retinal changes that lead to blood–retinal barrier (BRB) disruption, causing leakage of fluid and plasma components into the inner and outer plexiform layers. Aim of the Work to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis estimating the efficacy and complications of posterior sub-Tenon’s capsule injection of triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) compared to intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for management of DME. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the databases Google scholar, PubMed, MEDS, web of science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for published studies from 1 January 2000 to 1 September 2019.This meta-analysis included ten studies. They were randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), and about 343 patients with DME (469 eyes) participated in these studies. R...
Global Retinoblastoma Study Group IMPORTANCE Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common i... more Global Retinoblastoma Study Group IMPORTANCE Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. OBJECTIVES To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. RESULTS The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.
Background: The superficial location of the eye and its cystic composition make ultrasound ideal ... more Background: The superficial location of the eye and its cystic composition make ultrasound ideal for imaging the eye. It is a simple, non ionizing, cost effective, real time imaging modality providing detailed cross sectional anatomy of the entire globe. Aim of Study: To evaluate the accuracy of B-scan ultrasonography (US) in various types of ocular trauma by comparing the findings with the clinical examination and surgical findings if possible. Patients and Methods: Descriptive analysis of cases of ocular trauma in patients who presented to Ophthalmology Department, Ain Shams University, in the period from November 2017 to May 2018 to compare clinical and surgical findings in those patients with the ultrasonography findings. Results: Accuracy of US in the present study in prediction of post traumatic cataract was 80%, lens dislocation was 83.64%, vitreous hemorrhage was 100%, PVD was 100%, choroidal detachment was 100%, partial retinal detachment was 96.4% and in detection of metallic IOFB was 100%. Conclusion: Ultrasound B-scan is an excellent, noninvasive, rapid diagnostic tool in assessing intraocular damage caused by blunt or penetrating eye injuries which most of the time renders ophthalmoscopy impossible due to opacification of light transmitting media. The images provide essential and detailed information about soft tissues damage, helping in the decision regarding early surgery, before chronic changes have occurred.
Role of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation on Some Physiological and Histopathological Changes in the Cultured Oreochromis Niloticus and Mugil Cephalus at El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt
Choudhury et al., 2000b; Weijl et al., 2004). Moreover, these drugs are also highly genotoxic, in... more Choudhury et al., 2000b; Weijl et al., 2004). Moreover, these drugs are also highly genotoxic, inducing cytogenetic damage as well as cytostatic activity in many test systems (Osanto et al., 1991; Krishnaswamy and Dewey, 1993; Antunes et al., 2000). There is evidence that oxidative stress and the formation of reactive oxygen species is responsible for the toxic effects of these drugs (Jordan and Carmo-Fonseca, 2000; Widemann and Adamson, 2006). Dietary antioxidants may enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy by decreasing or preventing certain side effects resulted from * Significant at p < 0.05, ** highly significant at p < 0.01, *** Very highly significant at p < 0.001, using Student's t-test. 23.280 + 2.271 b*** 31.847 + 4.062 b* c*** Five mice were used per group and data was expressed as Mean + SD. a, Statistically compared with the negative control group. b, Statistically compared with CMN group.
Background: Transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS) had shown a growing interest during the last few ... more Background: Transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS) had shown a growing interest during the last few years in the diagnosis of some chest diseases that have a high mortality. Objective: This study was conducted to decide the diagnostic performance of TUS in patients with pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. METHODS: Patients and methods: The study population involved 17 cases of pneumonia (10 males and 7 females) with a mean age of 52.02 years and 14 cases of pulmonary embolism(9 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 43.4 yrs. Diagnosis was based on the standard guidelines. Chest x-rays, arterial blood gases, Multislice CT chest with pulmonary angiography and TUS were implemented. Lung profiles and other sonographic abnormalities were evaluated by TUS. RESULTS: Results: The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of TUS were 88.2%, 87.5% and 93.5% respectively for pneumonia, while, those for embolism were71.4%, 80.9% and 87.1 % respectively. C hest x-ray was diagnostic for pneumonia in 11/ 17 cases (sensitivity 64.7%) whereas TUS was positive in 14/ 17 (sensitivity 82.4%) with a significant higher area under the curve for TUS against chest x-ray (0.84 vs. 0.70, P¼0.02).TUS detected pleural effusion in 50% of cases of pneumonia and in 33.3% of cases of embolism, while in contrast. chest radiograph had a lower sensitivity (35% and 20% respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions: TUS is a real time bedside imaging application that can perform well as a rapid diagnostic technique among patients with pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. TUS seems to be superior to chest x-ray in diagnosis of pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and associated pleural effusion. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: TUS is a valuable imaging modality for rapid diagnosis of pneumonia and pulmonary embolism.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cellular photoablation using BCECF-AM [2', 7'-bis-... more To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cellular photoablation using BCECF-AM [2', 7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester mixed isomers] as a method to control postoperative fibrosis in subscleral trabeculectomy (SST) compared to mitomycin C (MMC) in a rabbit model. A comparative prospective case-control animal study was conducted. Fourteen rabbits were subjected to SST with intraoperative use of wound modulating agents (MMC or BCECF-AM) of the right eye (study groups I and II respectively) and SST without use of intraoperative wound modulating agents for the left eye (control group II). Two rabbits 4 eyes were considered as control group I with no surgical intervention. BCECF-AM was injected subconjunctivally 30min before surgery followed by intraoperative illumination with diffuse blue light for 10min. Antifibrotic efficacy was established by clinical response and histological examination. Clinical response was assessed by measuring intrao...
Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, 2013
Background: Conventional TB diagnosis continues to rely on smear microscopy, culture and chest ra... more Background: Conventional TB diagnosis continues to rely on smear microscopy, culture and chest radiography. Other non-conventional approaches include detection of immunological response and the search for biochemical markers. Cancer antigen 125 (Ca-125) was evaluated mainly in patients with extra pulmonary TB. Objective: This study was designed to detect the role of Ca-125 in differentiating pulmonary tuberculosis from other pulmonary infections. Also to determine the value of Ca-125 was an indicator of response to anti-tuberculous drugs. Design: Eighty patients were included in the study, 27 with active pulmonary TB and 33 with other pulmonary infections. Twenty healthy volunteers were used as a control group. Measurement of serum Ca-125 was performed once in all groups, it was re-assayed after 4 months of anti-tuberculous drugs among patients with active pulmonary TB. Results: There was a significant increase of Ca-125 among patients with active pulmonary TB than the other groups, which decrease significantly after anti-tuberculous drugs. The sensitivity and specificity of Ca-125 were found to be 81.4% and 95%, respectively, at a 34.6 U/ml cutoff point. Conclusion: Ca-125 can be a useful marker in differentiating pulmonary TB from other pulmonary infections and in assessment the response to anti-tuberculoussis drugs.
Background: Two major acute-phase proteins were identified in human, C-reactive protein and serum... more Background: Two major acute-phase proteins were identified in human, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A. There are 3 types of C-reactive protein assays: conventional C-reactive protein, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and cardiac C-reactive protein. High sensitivity C-reactive protein assays can detect minor inflammatory changes that could be missed by other indices of inflammation. Induced sputum cell counts are relatively non-invasive, safe and reliable method for identifying the presence and type of airway inflammation in asthmatic patients. Purpose of the work: This study was designed to detect the role of serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in asthmatic patients with or without inhaled corticosteroids treatment. Also to determine the relationship of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels to clinical indices of asthma and inflammatory cell counts in induced sputum. Subjects & Methods: Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein level, pulmonary function tests, body mass index and induced sputum cell counts were estimated in 50 asthmatic patients (26 steroid inhaled and 24 steroid naïve). Fifteen healthy volunteers, who matched in age and sex with the other groups, were used as a control group. Results: There was an increase of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in asthmatic patients among both steroid inhaled and steroid naïve patients compared to the healthy controls. Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein correlated negatively with pulmonary function tests and positively with sputum eosinophil % in both inhaled steroid and steroid naïve groups. Conclusion: High sensitivity C-reactive protein is one of the markers of systemic inflammation that can be indirectly reflecting the degree of severity of airway inflammation in bronchial asthma.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2012
with episodic viral wheeze who clinicians see in droves in the autumn and winter months, most of ... more with episodic viral wheeze who clinicians see in droves in the autumn and winter months, most of whom are not at high risk for asthma and allergic disease. In a large randomized, controlled trial of prednisolone for viral episodic wheeze (10) only 124 of 700 children enrolled were judged to be at high risk of asthma in later years using a recognized risk score (13). Hence the findings of these birth cohorts, although they have an important role in elucidating mechanisms of asthma etiology, do not help us predict whether children with episodic viral wheeze will respond to available treatments or indeed whether they will develop asthma in later years. Paradoxically, these are the questions parents would most like answered. The strength of the present study is to suggest mechanisms by which allergic sensitization and inflammation may lead to rhinovirus wheeze and asthma. The authors rightly point out that the results of allergen avoidance strategies have been disappointing. The COAST cohort should reinvigorate the search for novel therapeutic interventions to prevent allergic sensitization and asthma.
International journal of clinical and experimental pathology, 2014
CD117 (C-kit) is thought to play an important role in tumourigenesis. There are limited data in t... more CD117 (C-kit) is thought to play an important role in tumourigenesis. There are limited data in the literature concerning C-kit expression in retinoblastoma. To date, no immunohistochemical studies have been performed to assess the possible association of C-kit with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinoblastoma. This study was designed to investigate C-kit and VEGF immunoexpression in retinoblastoma, their relationship with prognostic parameters as well as the correlation between them. A prospective immunohistochemical study was conducted on 56 retinoblastoma cases. Patients who had received preoperative chemotherapy were excluded. Positive C-kit and VEGF immunoreactivity was observed in 48.2% and 76.8% of retinoblastoma cases respectively. No C-kit immunostaining was seen in the adjacent uninvolved retina. However, VEGF expression was detected within its vasculature. Retinoblastomas with combined pattern of tumour growth revealed a highly significant positive C-kit ex...
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Papers by Azza M Said