The link between climate change and environmental vulnerability has now been well established. Th... more The link between climate change and environmental vulnerability has now been well established. The impacts of climate change can be evidenced by, inter alia, the increased incidence of droughts, desertification, rising sea levels, and extreme weather patterns. 2 These impacts, consequently, are likely to affect the lives of millions of people around the globe. The loss of livelihoods and living space, as a result, threaten to dramatically increase human movement both within states and across international borders. 3 Almost twenty years ago, the First Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (1990) warned that the gravest effect of climate change would likely be on human migration. 4 Thus the human impact on the environment is creating a new kind of global casualty 5-the increasing number of people displaced as a direct result of climate change. 6 It is believed that
The scientific literature, media, international summits, and policy forums highlighted enough the... more The scientific literature, media, international summits, and policy forums highlighted enough the people who either move or are willing to move because of environmental reasons. Still, the voluntary environmental non-migrants (ENM), who are assumed to have strong resilience and coping capacity, are inordinately overlooked. The importance of addressing these ENMs has increasingly been emphasised. First, the paper explains the characteristics of ENM, outlining the key distinction between voluntary and forced non-migrants. Second, it emphasises the need to protect populations affected by environmental change and disaster, specifically highlighting oft-neglected ENM policy gaps. Thus, it examines to what extent ENM is addressed in existing global legal and policy responses. Having identified the gaps, it further considers the importance of adaptation strategies and well-planned relocation policies to support non-migration. Finally, it summarises the existing ENM policies' scope and reflects on the key policy gaps identified to suggest the way forward. This paper urges for a pragmatic and strategic policy approach that ensures bottom-up community-oriented approaches for supporting ENM by: (i) coordinating adaptation activities, (ii) ensuring planned relocation and migration with dignity, (iii) enabling informed decision-making, (iv) mobilising national and international support, and (v) developing appropriate institutional structures for adaptation.
The High Court in Yerkey v Jones considered the enforceability of a guarantee provided by a marri... more The High Court in Yerkey v Jones considered the enforceability of a guarantee provided by a married woman to secure her husband's debts. Dixon J said that although the relationship of husband and wife did not give rise to a presumption of undue influence, the law had never been divested completely of 'the equitable presumption of an invalidating tendency'. Dixon J's formulation was essentially adopted by the majority justices in Garcia v National Australia Bank and their judgment thus represents the definitive endorsement of Dixon J's view. Kirby J on the other hand rejected 'the stereotype underlying Yerkey', which he described as evidence of an 'unprincipled discriminatory category'. This article advances the argument that the majority's view of wives was stereotypical and accordingly would be inconsistent with the principles of contemporary sex discrimination laws which prohibit discrimination based on the assumption of stereotypical views. This inconsistency will be explored by first discussing the propositions that underpinned the Yerkey and Garcia, and by comparing them with the treatment of those propositions in contemporary discrimination law. * Lecturer in Law, School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University. Formerly a solicitor until 1996 then a Barrister at Francis Burt Chambers. This article is dedicated to his very dear friend and colleague Elisabeth Lambert for introducing him to the rich tapestry of human rights law and inspiring him to pursue his interest in it. ♦ Lecturer in Law, School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of our manuscript and their many insightful comments and suggestions.
This book examines whether a global consensus is emerging on climate change and human mobility an... more This book examines whether a global consensus is emerging on climate change and human mobility and presents evidence of a slow-moving but dynamic, step-by-step process of international policy development on climaterelated mobility. Naser reviews the range of solutions offered to address climate-related mobility problems, such as extending the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, adopting an additional protocol to the UNFCCC or creating a new international treaty to support those facing climate-related migration and displacement problems. He examines the accumulating stock of international policies and initiatives relevant to climate-related mobility using a framework of six policy areas: human rights, refugees, climate change, disaster risk reduction, migration, and sustainable development. He uses this framework to define and summarise the main UN actions and milestones on climate-related mobility. Despite the difficult context affecting the global community of worsening climate change impacts and human rights under threat, Naser asserts that the foundations of global consensus on climate-related mobility have been built, particularly in the last decade. This book will be of great relevance to students, scholars and policymakers with an interest in the increasing interface between climate change and human mobility policy issues.
Global climate change and consequent potential migration pose a number of challenges and are beco... more Global climate change and consequent potential migration pose a number of challenges and are becoming increasingly important policy issues for Bangladesh. Therefore, policy responses need to deal with diverse issues, including sustainable development (SD), adaptation to climate change, and humanitarian assistance, to address the future challenges posed by climate change and consequent human displacement. There is no simple and straightforward solution to the challenges posed by climate-induced migration, and a "one-size-fits-all" approach will not effectively resolve the complex nature, and patterns, of population displacement. Rather than any single approach, a multifarious, comprehensive, proactive, and coherent policy approach is imperative for managing climate-induced migration in an orderly and humane manner. Based on the available data regarding the environment, climate change, and migration, this paper suggests a range of policy tools and approaches. It also sets out a road map showing how policy interventions could contribute to better integrating the full spectrum of migration issues and concerns into an overall environmental and developmental policy, and vice versa, within Bangladesh.
The scientific literature, media, international summits, and policy forums highlighted enough the... more The scientific literature, media, international summits, and policy forums highlighted enough the people who either move or are willing to move because of environmental reasons. Still, the voluntary environmental non-migrants (ENM), who are assumed to have strong resilience and coping capacity, are inordinately overlooked. The importance of addressing these ENMs has increasingly been emphasised. First, the paper explains the characteristics of ENM, outlining the key distinction between voluntary and forced non-migrants. Second, it emphasises the need to protect populations affected by environmental change and disaster, specifically highlighting oft-neglected ENM policy gaps. Thus, it examines to what extent ENM is addressed in existing global legal and policy responses. Having identified the gaps, it further considers the importance of adaptation strategies and well-planned relocation policies to support non-migration. Finally, it summarises the existing ENM policies’ scope and refl...
The High Court in Yerkey v Jones considered the enforceability of a guarantee provided by a marri... more The High Court in Yerkey v Jones considered the enforceability of a guarantee provided by a married woman to secure her husband’s debts. Dixon J said that although the relationship of husband and wife did not give rise to a presumption of undue influence, the law had never been divested completely of ‘the equitable presumption of an invalidating tendency’. Dixon J’s formulation was essentially adopted by the majority justices in Garcia v National Australia Bank and their judgment thus represents the definitive endorsement of Dixon J’s view. Kirby J on the other hand rejected ‘the stereotype underlying Yerkey’, which he described as evidence of an ‘unprincipled discriminatory category’. This article advances the argument that the majority’s view of wives was stereotypical and accordingly would be inconsistent with the principles of contemporary sex discrimination laws which prohibit discrimination based on the assumption of stereotypical views. This inconsistency will be explored by ...
'The greatest single impact of climate change could be on human migration', stated the In... more 'The greatest single impact of climate change could be on human migration', stated the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1990. Since then there has been considerable concern about the large-scale population movements that might take place because of climate change. This book examines emerging patterns of human mobility in relation to climate change, drawing on a multidisciplinary approach including anthropology and geography. It addresses both larger, general questions and concrete local cases, where the link between climate change and human mobility is manifest and demands attention - empirically, analytically and conceptually. Among the cases explored are both historical and contemporary instances of migration in response to climate change, and together they illustrate the necessity of analyzing new patterns of movement, historic cultural images and regulation practices in the wake of new global processes.
There are no course-specific requirements. Prior knowledge of UN regimes and public international... more There are no course-specific requirements. Prior knowledge of UN regimes and public international law is encouraged. Course Overview Global Governance: Climate Change & Migration introduces students to the key notions, levels, and forms of global governance regimes. The course goes beyond international relations theories to provide a variety of theoretical and practical perspectives on global public goods, global public policy, and multi-level governance. It will thus highlight interlinkages between global-level interventions and regional, national, and local activities and outcomes. Whereas global governance regimes cover a wide range of issues, this course deliberately focuses on two sample areas: climate change and migration/refugees. While the linkages between climate change and mobility will be discussed, the course focuses on these two issues separately. This allows for in-depth discussions on different governance issues, levels, and aspects within these areas of work. The discussions will shed light on different institutions, actors and actor constellations, as well as the effectiveness, representativeness, and coherence of multilateral regimes. Students will engage with key questions and analytical categories to approach global governance issues and the role of international law, goal setting, platforms, and frameworks. While the course has a specific focus on climate change and migration it aims at creating a broader understanding of global governance issues. A range of guest speakers will join the class discussions to add additional perspectives. In addition to critical scholarship on global governance, the course relies on students' primary analysis of relevant proceedings at the UN, original policy documents, as well as expert testimony from a range of guest lecturers, who share their extensive firsthand observations as participants and actors of global governance processes from the United Nations, NGOs, think tanks, and academia. By these means, Global Governance: Climate Change & Migration offers insights into the processes, challenges, and impacts of different regimes and aims at enhancing participants' understanding of how to make global governance regimes stronger, more effective, and accountable.
PurposeGenetically modified (GM) food has received considerable interest from academics and pract... more PurposeGenetically modified (GM) food has received considerable interest from academics and practitioners. However, research on consumer loyalty towards GM food is relatively sparse. Guided by the theory of planned behaviour, this study aims to explore the factors that influence consumer repurchase intention and behavioural loyalty towards GM food.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 464 Australian consumer panel members surveyed through a nationwide online survey, with data analysed by structural equation modelling using AMOS (v. 22.0).FindingsThe findings reveal that consumer loyalty towards GM food is influenced by the interplay between awareness of benefits and risks, situational and social influences and attitude and repurchase intention. Female consumers are found to not only possess a relatively more favourable attitude and repurchase intention, but also are more loyal towards GM food compared to male consumers. Unlike older consumers, younger consumers' lo...
This book examines whether a global consensus is emerging on climate change and human mobility an... more This book examines whether a global consensus is emerging on climate change and human mobility and presents evidence of a slow-moving but dynamic, step-by-step process of international policy development on climaterelated mobility. Naser reviews the range of solutions offered to address climate-related mobility problems, such as extending the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, adopting an additional protocol to the UNFCCC or creating a new international treaty to support those facing climate-related migration and displacement problems. He examines the accumulating stock of international policies and initiatives relevant to climate-related mobility using a framework of six policy areas: human rights, refugees, climate change, disaster risk reduction, migration, and sustainable development. He uses this framework to define and summarise the main UN actions and milestones on climate-related mobility. Despite the difficult context affecting the global community of worsening climate change impacts and human rights under threat, Naser asserts that the foundations of global consensus on climate-related mobility have been built, particularly in the last decade. This book will be of great relevance to students, scholars and policymakers with an interest in the increasing interface between climate change and human mobility policy issues.
Climate change and migration are two cross-cutting issues demanding immediate and appropriate res... more Climate change and migration are two cross-cutting issues demanding immediate and appropriate responses from duty-bearers. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), human-induced climate change will transform the ecological balance of our planet and lead to calamitous consequences for the human rights of millions of people all over the world. The threat of climate change encompasses the livelihoods of peoples in distant corners of the world contributing to the rise of sea levels, altered patterns of desertification, and to the increase in number and intensity of disastrous environmental events. Climate change induced droughts, flooding, wildfires, extreme weather, soil erosion, desertification, deforestation and natural disasters are likely to further intensify pre-existing stresses in vulnerable regions in the world. Consequently, there are apprehensions of problems like food insecurity, scarcity of water, reduced agricultural production, population pressures, unequal access to resources, poverty, break-out of epidemics and spreading of diseases. Each and all of these factors and risks can lead to displacement and migration on an unprecedented scale. In turn, such climate-induced movements can also carry a wide range of implications for the enjoyment of human rights.
The link between climate change and environmental vulnerability has now been well established. Th... more The link between climate change and environmental vulnerability has now been well established. The impacts of climate change can be evidenced by, inter alia, the increased incidence of droughts, desertification, rising sea levels, and extreme weather patterns. 2 These impacts, consequently, are likely to affect the lives of millions of people around the globe. The loss of livelihoods and living space, as a result, threaten to dramatically increase human movement both within states and across international borders. 3 Almost twenty years ago, the First Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (1990) warned that the gravest effect of climate change would likely be on human migration. 4 Thus the human impact on the environment is creating a new kind of global casualty 5-the increasing number of people displaced as a direct result of climate change. 6 It is believed that
The scientific literature, media, international summits, and policy forums highlighted enough the... more The scientific literature, media, international summits, and policy forums highlighted enough the people who either move or are willing to move because of environmental reasons. Still, the voluntary environmental non-migrants (ENM), who are assumed to have strong resilience and coping capacity, are inordinately overlooked. The importance of addressing these ENMs has increasingly been emphasised. First, the paper explains the characteristics of ENM, outlining the key distinction between voluntary and forced non-migrants. Second, it emphasises the need to protect populations affected by environmental change and disaster, specifically highlighting oft-neglected ENM policy gaps. Thus, it examines to what extent ENM is addressed in existing global legal and policy responses. Having identified the gaps, it further considers the importance of adaptation strategies and well-planned relocation policies to support non-migration. Finally, it summarises the existing ENM policies' scope and reflects on the key policy gaps identified to suggest the way forward. This paper urges for a pragmatic and strategic policy approach that ensures bottom-up community-oriented approaches for supporting ENM by: (i) coordinating adaptation activities, (ii) ensuring planned relocation and migration with dignity, (iii) enabling informed decision-making, (iv) mobilising national and international support, and (v) developing appropriate institutional structures for adaptation.
The High Court in Yerkey v Jones considered the enforceability of a guarantee provided by a marri... more The High Court in Yerkey v Jones considered the enforceability of a guarantee provided by a married woman to secure her husband's debts. Dixon J said that although the relationship of husband and wife did not give rise to a presumption of undue influence, the law had never been divested completely of 'the equitable presumption of an invalidating tendency'. Dixon J's formulation was essentially adopted by the majority justices in Garcia v National Australia Bank and their judgment thus represents the definitive endorsement of Dixon J's view. Kirby J on the other hand rejected 'the stereotype underlying Yerkey', which he described as evidence of an 'unprincipled discriminatory category'. This article advances the argument that the majority's view of wives was stereotypical and accordingly would be inconsistent with the principles of contemporary sex discrimination laws which prohibit discrimination based on the assumption of stereotypical views. This inconsistency will be explored by first discussing the propositions that underpinned the Yerkey and Garcia, and by comparing them with the treatment of those propositions in contemporary discrimination law. * Lecturer in Law, School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University. Formerly a solicitor until 1996 then a Barrister at Francis Burt Chambers. This article is dedicated to his very dear friend and colleague Elisabeth Lambert for introducing him to the rich tapestry of human rights law and inspiring him to pursue his interest in it. ♦ Lecturer in Law, School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of our manuscript and their many insightful comments and suggestions.
This book examines whether a global consensus is emerging on climate change and human mobility an... more This book examines whether a global consensus is emerging on climate change and human mobility and presents evidence of a slow-moving but dynamic, step-by-step process of international policy development on climaterelated mobility. Naser reviews the range of solutions offered to address climate-related mobility problems, such as extending the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, adopting an additional protocol to the UNFCCC or creating a new international treaty to support those facing climate-related migration and displacement problems. He examines the accumulating stock of international policies and initiatives relevant to climate-related mobility using a framework of six policy areas: human rights, refugees, climate change, disaster risk reduction, migration, and sustainable development. He uses this framework to define and summarise the main UN actions and milestones on climate-related mobility. Despite the difficult context affecting the global community of worsening climate change impacts and human rights under threat, Naser asserts that the foundations of global consensus on climate-related mobility have been built, particularly in the last decade. This book will be of great relevance to students, scholars and policymakers with an interest in the increasing interface between climate change and human mobility policy issues.
Global climate change and consequent potential migration pose a number of challenges and are beco... more Global climate change and consequent potential migration pose a number of challenges and are becoming increasingly important policy issues for Bangladesh. Therefore, policy responses need to deal with diverse issues, including sustainable development (SD), adaptation to climate change, and humanitarian assistance, to address the future challenges posed by climate change and consequent human displacement. There is no simple and straightforward solution to the challenges posed by climate-induced migration, and a "one-size-fits-all" approach will not effectively resolve the complex nature, and patterns, of population displacement. Rather than any single approach, a multifarious, comprehensive, proactive, and coherent policy approach is imperative for managing climate-induced migration in an orderly and humane manner. Based on the available data regarding the environment, climate change, and migration, this paper suggests a range of policy tools and approaches. It also sets out a road map showing how policy interventions could contribute to better integrating the full spectrum of migration issues and concerns into an overall environmental and developmental policy, and vice versa, within Bangladesh.
The scientific literature, media, international summits, and policy forums highlighted enough the... more The scientific literature, media, international summits, and policy forums highlighted enough the people who either move or are willing to move because of environmental reasons. Still, the voluntary environmental non-migrants (ENM), who are assumed to have strong resilience and coping capacity, are inordinately overlooked. The importance of addressing these ENMs has increasingly been emphasised. First, the paper explains the characteristics of ENM, outlining the key distinction between voluntary and forced non-migrants. Second, it emphasises the need to protect populations affected by environmental change and disaster, specifically highlighting oft-neglected ENM policy gaps. Thus, it examines to what extent ENM is addressed in existing global legal and policy responses. Having identified the gaps, it further considers the importance of adaptation strategies and well-planned relocation policies to support non-migration. Finally, it summarises the existing ENM policies’ scope and refl...
The High Court in Yerkey v Jones considered the enforceability of a guarantee provided by a marri... more The High Court in Yerkey v Jones considered the enforceability of a guarantee provided by a married woman to secure her husband’s debts. Dixon J said that although the relationship of husband and wife did not give rise to a presumption of undue influence, the law had never been divested completely of ‘the equitable presumption of an invalidating tendency’. Dixon J’s formulation was essentially adopted by the majority justices in Garcia v National Australia Bank and their judgment thus represents the definitive endorsement of Dixon J’s view. Kirby J on the other hand rejected ‘the stereotype underlying Yerkey’, which he described as evidence of an ‘unprincipled discriminatory category’. This article advances the argument that the majority’s view of wives was stereotypical and accordingly would be inconsistent with the principles of contemporary sex discrimination laws which prohibit discrimination based on the assumption of stereotypical views. This inconsistency will be explored by ...
'The greatest single impact of climate change could be on human migration', stated the In... more 'The greatest single impact of climate change could be on human migration', stated the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1990. Since then there has been considerable concern about the large-scale population movements that might take place because of climate change. This book examines emerging patterns of human mobility in relation to climate change, drawing on a multidisciplinary approach including anthropology and geography. It addresses both larger, general questions and concrete local cases, where the link between climate change and human mobility is manifest and demands attention - empirically, analytically and conceptually. Among the cases explored are both historical and contemporary instances of migration in response to climate change, and together they illustrate the necessity of analyzing new patterns of movement, historic cultural images and regulation practices in the wake of new global processes.
There are no course-specific requirements. Prior knowledge of UN regimes and public international... more There are no course-specific requirements. Prior knowledge of UN regimes and public international law is encouraged. Course Overview Global Governance: Climate Change & Migration introduces students to the key notions, levels, and forms of global governance regimes. The course goes beyond international relations theories to provide a variety of theoretical and practical perspectives on global public goods, global public policy, and multi-level governance. It will thus highlight interlinkages between global-level interventions and regional, national, and local activities and outcomes. Whereas global governance regimes cover a wide range of issues, this course deliberately focuses on two sample areas: climate change and migration/refugees. While the linkages between climate change and mobility will be discussed, the course focuses on these two issues separately. This allows for in-depth discussions on different governance issues, levels, and aspects within these areas of work. The discussions will shed light on different institutions, actors and actor constellations, as well as the effectiveness, representativeness, and coherence of multilateral regimes. Students will engage with key questions and analytical categories to approach global governance issues and the role of international law, goal setting, platforms, and frameworks. While the course has a specific focus on climate change and migration it aims at creating a broader understanding of global governance issues. A range of guest speakers will join the class discussions to add additional perspectives. In addition to critical scholarship on global governance, the course relies on students' primary analysis of relevant proceedings at the UN, original policy documents, as well as expert testimony from a range of guest lecturers, who share their extensive firsthand observations as participants and actors of global governance processes from the United Nations, NGOs, think tanks, and academia. By these means, Global Governance: Climate Change & Migration offers insights into the processes, challenges, and impacts of different regimes and aims at enhancing participants' understanding of how to make global governance regimes stronger, more effective, and accountable.
PurposeGenetically modified (GM) food has received considerable interest from academics and pract... more PurposeGenetically modified (GM) food has received considerable interest from academics and practitioners. However, research on consumer loyalty towards GM food is relatively sparse. Guided by the theory of planned behaviour, this study aims to explore the factors that influence consumer repurchase intention and behavioural loyalty towards GM food.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 464 Australian consumer panel members surveyed through a nationwide online survey, with data analysed by structural equation modelling using AMOS (v. 22.0).FindingsThe findings reveal that consumer loyalty towards GM food is influenced by the interplay between awareness of benefits and risks, situational and social influences and attitude and repurchase intention. Female consumers are found to not only possess a relatively more favourable attitude and repurchase intention, but also are more loyal towards GM food compared to male consumers. Unlike older consumers, younger consumers' lo...
This book examines whether a global consensus is emerging on climate change and human mobility an... more This book examines whether a global consensus is emerging on climate change and human mobility and presents evidence of a slow-moving but dynamic, step-by-step process of international policy development on climaterelated mobility. Naser reviews the range of solutions offered to address climate-related mobility problems, such as extending the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, adopting an additional protocol to the UNFCCC or creating a new international treaty to support those facing climate-related migration and displacement problems. He examines the accumulating stock of international policies and initiatives relevant to climate-related mobility using a framework of six policy areas: human rights, refugees, climate change, disaster risk reduction, migration, and sustainable development. He uses this framework to define and summarise the main UN actions and milestones on climate-related mobility. Despite the difficult context affecting the global community of worsening climate change impacts and human rights under threat, Naser asserts that the foundations of global consensus on climate-related mobility have been built, particularly in the last decade. This book will be of great relevance to students, scholars and policymakers with an interest in the increasing interface between climate change and human mobility policy issues.
Climate change and migration are two cross-cutting issues demanding immediate and appropriate res... more Climate change and migration are two cross-cutting issues demanding immediate and appropriate responses from duty-bearers. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), human-induced climate change will transform the ecological balance of our planet and lead to calamitous consequences for the human rights of millions of people all over the world. The threat of climate change encompasses the livelihoods of peoples in distant corners of the world contributing to the rise of sea levels, altered patterns of desertification, and to the increase in number and intensity of disastrous environmental events. Climate change induced droughts, flooding, wildfires, extreme weather, soil erosion, desertification, deforestation and natural disasters are likely to further intensify pre-existing stresses in vulnerable regions in the world. Consequently, there are apprehensions of problems like food insecurity, scarcity of water, reduced agricultural production, population pressures, unequal access to resources, poverty, break-out of epidemics and spreading of diseases. Each and all of these factors and risks can lead to displacement and migration on an unprecedented scale. In turn, such climate-induced movements can also carry a wide range of implications for the enjoyment of human rights.
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