When shielding from cosmic heavy ions, one is faced with limited knowledge about the physical pro... more When shielding from cosmic heavy ions, one is faced with limited knowledge about the physical properties and biological responses of these radiations. Herein, the current status of space shielding technology and its impact on radiation health is discussed in terms of conventional protection practice and a test biological response model. The impact of biological response on optimum materials selection for cosmic ray shielding is presented in terms of the transmission characteristics of the shield material. Although liquid hydrogen is an optimum shield material, evaluation of the effectiveness of polymeric structural materials must await improvement in our knowledge of both the biological response and the nuclear processes. Health Phys. 68(1):50-58; 1995
We report a noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patient with spontaneous, severe hypog... more We report a noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patient with spontaneous, severe hypoglycemic reactions and the presence of insulin antibodies. He had a remote antecedent history of beef-pork insulin therapy as well as exposure to hydralazine. Detailed insulin binding kinetic studies were performed in this patient as well as in six other insulintreated diabetic patients with anti-insulin antibodies (three with and three without an obvious cause of hypoglycemia). Sera from the current patient and five of the six other diabetic patients (one NIDDM, four IDDM) revealed two types of binding sites: hi~h-affinity with low capacity (Kd, 0.4-12.4 • 10-mol/L; binding capacity, 0.6-659 mU/L) and low-affinity with high capacity (Kd, 0.3 to 35.7 x 10 -7 tool/L; binding capacity; 202-113,680 mU/L). One NIDDM patient had only high-affinity antibodies (Kd, 22.9 • 10 -9 mol//; binding capacity of 78 mU/L). Type of diabetes mellitus, insulin antibody titers or their binding capacities, insulin levels (total, bound, or free), and bioavailable insulin were not related to hypoglycemic reactions. Two calculated values by the method described tended to discriminate patients with and without hypoglycemia. The calculated amount of low-affinity antibody bound insulin ranged from 69.4-2090 mU/L vs <4-70.6 mU/L in patients with and without hypoglycemia, respectively. The best discrimination was afforded by the percent saturation of low-affinity binding sites; values were clearly higher in the patients with hypoglycemia (2.5-34.4 %) than in those without hypoglycemia (not detectable, 0.06, 0.15 %).
When shielding from cosmic heavy ions, one is faced with limited knowledge about the physical pro... more When shielding from cosmic heavy ions, one is faced with limited knowledge about the physical properties and biological responses of these radiations. Herein, the current status of space shielding technology and its impact on radiation health is discussed in terms of conventional protection practice and a test biological response model. The impact of biological response on optimum materials selection for cosmic ray shielding is presented in terms of the transmission characteristics of the shield material. Although liquid hydrogen is an optimum shield material, evaluation of the effectiveness of polymeric structural materials must await improvement in our knowledge of both the biological response and the nuclear processes. Health Phys. 68(1):50-58; 1995
We report a noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patient with spontaneous, severe hypog... more We report a noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patient with spontaneous, severe hypoglycemic reactions and the presence of insulin antibodies. He had a remote antecedent history of beef-pork insulin therapy as well as exposure to hydralazine. Detailed insulin binding kinetic studies were performed in this patient as well as in six other insulintreated diabetic patients with anti-insulin antibodies (three with and three without an obvious cause of hypoglycemia). Sera from the current patient and five of the six other diabetic patients (one NIDDM, four IDDM) revealed two types of binding sites: hi~h-affinity with low capacity (Kd, 0.4-12.4 • 10-mol/L; binding capacity, 0.6-659 mU/L) and low-affinity with high capacity (Kd, 0.3 to 35.7 x 10 -7 tool/L; binding capacity; 202-113,680 mU/L). One NIDDM patient had only high-affinity antibodies (Kd, 22.9 • 10 -9 mol//; binding capacity of 78 mU/L). Type of diabetes mellitus, insulin antibody titers or their binding capacities, insulin levels (total, bound, or free), and bioavailable insulin were not related to hypoglycemic reactions. Two calculated values by the method described tended to discriminate patients with and without hypoglycemia. The calculated amount of low-affinity antibody bound insulin ranged from 69.4-2090 mU/L vs <4-70.6 mU/L in patients with and without hypoglycemia, respectively. The best discrimination was afforded by the percent saturation of low-affinity binding sites; values were clearly higher in the patients with hypoglycemia (2.5-34.4 %) than in those without hypoglycemia (not detectable, 0.06, 0.15 %).
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Papers by M. Kim