Until now, there is no internationally accepted guideline for the measurement, data exchange and ... more Until now, there is no internationally accepted guideline for the measurement, data exchange and analysis of PV-Wind Hybrid Systems. As there is a need for such a tool, so as to overcome the barrier that the lack of confidence due to the absence of reliability means for the development of the market of Hybrid Systems, an effort has been made to suggest one tool for PV-Wind Hybrid Systems. The suggested guidelines presented in this work are based on the existing guidelines for PV Systems, as a PV-Wind Hybrid system can be roughly thought of as a PV System to which wind generation has been added. So, the guidelines for PV Systems are valid for the PV-Wind System, and only the part referred to wind generation should be included. This has been the process followed in this work. The proposed method is applied to a case study, the CICLOPS Project, a 5 kW PV, 7.5 kW Wind Hybrid system installed at the Isolated Wind Systems Test Site that CIEMAT owns in CEDER (Soria, Spain). This system has been fully monitored through a year and the results of the monitoring activity, characterizing the long-term performance of the system are shown in this work.
Until now, there is no internationally accepted guideline for the measurement, data exchange and ... more Until now, there is no internationally accepted guideline for the measurement, data exchange and analysis of PV-Wind Hybrid Systems. As there is a need for such a tool, so as to overcome the barrier that the lack of confidence due to the absence of reliability means for the development of the market of Hybrid Systems, an effort has been made to suggest one tool for PV-Wind Hybrid Systems. The suggested guidelines presented in this work are based on the existing guidelines for PV Systems, as a PV-Wind Hybrid system can be roughly thought of as a PV System to which wind generation has been added. So, the guidelines for PV Systems are valid for the PV-Wind System, and only the part referred to wind generation should be included. This has been the process followed in this work. The proposed method is applied to a case study, the CICLOPS Project, a 5 kW PV, 7.5 kW Wind Hybrid system installed at the Isolated Wind Systems Test Site that CIEMAT owns in CEDER (Soria, Spain). This system has been fully monitored through a year and the results of the monitoring activity, characterizing the long-term performance of the system are shown in this work.
Resumen: Se propone un modelo mixto binomial general para la función de acumulación de especies b... more Resumen: Se propone un modelo mixto binomial general para la función de acumulación de especies basado en la presencia-ausencia (incidencia) de las especies que ocurren en una muestra de cuadros u otras unidades de muestreo. El modelo abarca la interpolación entre cero y el número observado de muestras, así como la extrapolación más allá del conjunto de muestras observadas. En el caso de la interpolación (rarefacción basada en muestras), se desarrollan expresiones de forma cerrada de fácil cálculo mediante el método de momentos, tanto para la riqueza esperada como para sus límites de confianza. Esto elimina completamente la necesidad de utilizar métodos de remuestreo y permite la comparación estadística directa de la riqueza entre conjuntos de muestras. Basada en la incidencia de especies, se desarrolla una variante del modelo de Coleman (ordenación aleatoria) y ésta se compara con el método de interpolación basado en momentos. Para la extrapolación más allá del conjunto de muestras empíricas (y a su vez, como un método alternativo de interpolación), se describe un estimador probabilístico con un intervalo de confianza bootstrap basado en un algoritmo secuencial guiado por el Criterio Akaike de Información (CAI) para ajustar los parámetros del modelo mixto. Tanto el estimador probabilístico como el del momento se ilustran con conjuntos de datos para aves de climas templados, y semillas, hormigas y árboles tropicales. El estimador basado en el momento se recomienda confiablemente para interpolación (rarefacción con base en las muestras). Para la extrapolación, el estimador probabilístico se desempeña bien al duplicar o triplicar el número de muestras empíricas, pero no es confiable para estimar la asíntota de la riqueza. Se discute la sensibilidad a la heterogeneidad [patchiness] espacial (o temporal) de la rarefacción basada en individuos y la basada en muestras.
Until now, there is no internationally accepted guideline for the measurement, data exchange and ... more Until now, there is no internationally accepted guideline for the measurement, data exchange and analysis of PV-Wind Hybrid Systems. As there is a need for such a tool, so as to overcome the barrier that the lack of confidence due to the absence of reliability means for the development of the market of Hybrid Systems, an effort has been made to suggest one tool for PV-Wind Hybrid Systems. The suggested guidelines presented in this work are based on the existing guidelines for PV Systems, as a PV-Wind Hybrid system can be roughly thought of as a PV System to which wind generation has been added. So, the guidelines for PV Systems are valid for the PV-Wind System, and only the part referred to wind generation should be included. This has been the process followed in this work. The proposed method is applied to a case study, the CICLOPS Project, a 5 kW PV, 7.5 kW Wind Hybrid system installed at the Isolated Wind Systems Test Site that CIEMAT owns in CEDER (Soria, Spain). This system has been fully monitored through a year and the results of the monitoring activity, characterizing the long-term performance of the system are shown in this work.
Until now, there is no internationally accepted guideline for the measurement, data exchange and ... more Until now, there is no internationally accepted guideline for the measurement, data exchange and analysis of PV-Wind Hybrid Systems. As there is a need for such a tool, so as to overcome the barrier that the lack of confidence due to the absence of reliability means for the development of the market of Hybrid Systems, an effort has been made to suggest one tool for PV-Wind Hybrid Systems. The suggested guidelines presented in this work are based on the existing guidelines for PV Systems, as a PV-Wind Hybrid system can be roughly thought of as a PV System to which wind generation has been added. So, the guidelines for PV Systems are valid for the PV-Wind System, and only the part referred to wind generation should be included. This has been the process followed in this work. The proposed method is applied to a case study, the CICLOPS Project, a 5 kW PV, 7.5 kW Wind Hybrid system installed at the Isolated Wind Systems Test Site that CIEMAT owns in CEDER (Soria, Spain). This system has been fully monitored through a year and the results of the monitoring activity, characterizing the long-term performance of the system are shown in this work.
Resumen: Se propone un modelo mixto binomial general para la función de acumulación de especies b... more Resumen: Se propone un modelo mixto binomial general para la función de acumulación de especies basado en la presencia-ausencia (incidencia) de las especies que ocurren en una muestra de cuadros u otras unidades de muestreo. El modelo abarca la interpolación entre cero y el número observado de muestras, así como la extrapolación más allá del conjunto de muestras observadas. En el caso de la interpolación (rarefacción basada en muestras), se desarrollan expresiones de forma cerrada de fácil cálculo mediante el método de momentos, tanto para la riqueza esperada como para sus límites de confianza. Esto elimina completamente la necesidad de utilizar métodos de remuestreo y permite la comparación estadística directa de la riqueza entre conjuntos de muestras. Basada en la incidencia de especies, se desarrolla una variante del modelo de Coleman (ordenación aleatoria) y ésta se compara con el método de interpolación basado en momentos. Para la extrapolación más allá del conjunto de muestras empíricas (y a su vez, como un método alternativo de interpolación), se describe un estimador probabilístico con un intervalo de confianza bootstrap basado en un algoritmo secuencial guiado por el Criterio Akaike de Información (CAI) para ajustar los parámetros del modelo mixto. Tanto el estimador probabilístico como el del momento se ilustran con conjuntos de datos para aves de climas templados, y semillas, hormigas y árboles tropicales. El estimador basado en el momento se recomienda confiablemente para interpolación (rarefacción con base en las muestras). Para la extrapolación, el estimador probabilístico se desempeña bien al duplicar o triplicar el número de muestras empíricas, pero no es confiable para estimar la asíntota de la riqueza. Se discute la sensibilidad a la heterogeneidad [patchiness] espacial (o temporal) de la rarefacción basada en individuos y la basada en muestras.
Uploads
Papers by Luis Cano