20. Where should the CAP go post-2020? Allan Buckwell 1. Why it isn't too early to start thinking... more 20. Where should the CAP go post-2020? Allan Buckwell 1. Why it isn't too early to start thinking about the next reform 2. Will there continue to be justification for a grand policy for agriculture and rural development? 3. Will we still require a common EU agricultural policy? 4. What are the options for reform? 5. What are the weaknesses of the current CAP? 6. Lessons learned from past reforms 7. The context in which the reform debate takes place and in which the next policy will operate 8. In summary, what could be the broad elements of the next reform debate? References 21. Is there a need for a mid-term review of the 2013 CAP reform? Rolf Moehler Box 10.1 The proposed agricultural practices beneficial to climate and the environment Box 10.2 Structural bias in the trilogue negotiations towards further weakening of the greening proposals Box 15.1 Policy amendments Box 15.2 Compromise amendments Box 16.1 The draft reports in figures Box 16.2 The nature of the Parliament's influence from a comparative perspective Box 16.3 CAP reform under co-decision: a multi-staged and complex process xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AMS Aggregate Measurement of Support ANC Areas with Natural Constraints AoA Agreement on Agriculture ARC Agricultural and Rural Convention BEPA Bureau of European Policy Advisors BPS Basic Payment Scheme CAP Common Agricultural Policy CBD Convention on Biological Diversity (United Nations) CEEC Central and Eastern European country CEMA European Agricultural Machinery CETA EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement CMO Common Market Organisation COMAGRI Committee for Agriculture and Rural Development CONT Committee on Budgetary Control COP Conference of the Parties CSE Consumer Support Estimate CSF Common Strategic Framework xix
Recent developments in international trade theory give growing emphasis to the quality of the exp... more Recent developments in international trade theory give growing emphasis to the quality of the exported products, showing that it affects both the direction of trade and the countries' export performances. However, as quality is unobservable, a measurement problem clearly emerges. In this paper we measure product quality relying on a nested logit demand structure developed by Berry (1994) and then applied to trade data by Khandelwal (2010). Our main goal is to investigate the reliability and the properties of the estimated qualities, focusing on the EU food sector, where the growing attention on quality and safety issues is leading to an increase in the demand for high quality products. Main results give credence to the accuracy of the quality estimates, which display some interesting properties. Indeed, the quality rankings we draw are in line with the expectations, and quality growth proves to be strongly correlated with TFP growth. Moreover, results reveal that the competitive...
Background: A contextual understanding of hypertension control can inform population health manag... more Background: A contextual understanding of hypertension control can inform population health management strategies to mitigate cardiovascular disease events. This retrospective cohort study links neighborhood-level data with patients’ health records to describe racial/ethnic differences in uncontrolled hypertension and determine if and to what extent these differences are mediated by neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES). Methods: We conducted a mediation analysis using a sample of patients with hypertension from 2 health care delivery systems in San Francisco over 2 years (n=47 031). We used generalized structural equation modeling, adjusted for age, sex, and health care system, to estimate the contribution of nSES to disparities in uncontrolled hypertension between White patients and Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian patients, respectively. Sensitivity analysis removed adjustment for health care system. Results: Over half the cohort (62%) experienced uncontrolled hypertension du...
Managing our transition to sustainability requires a solid understanding of how conditions of fin... more Managing our transition to sustainability requires a solid understanding of how conditions of financial crisis affect our natural environment. Yet, there has been little focus on the nature of the relationship between financial crises and environmental sustainability, especially in relation to forests and deforestation. This study addressed this gap by providing novel evidence on the impact of financial crises on deforestation. A panel data approach is used looking at Global Forest Watch deforestation data from > 150 countries in > 100 crises in the twenty-first century. This includes an analysis of crises effects on principle drivers of deforestation; timber and agricultural commodities—palm oil, soybean, coffee, cattle, and cocoa. At a global level, financial crises are associated with a reduction in deforestation rates (− 36 p.p) and deforestation drivers; roundwood (− 6.7 p.p.), cattle (− 2.3 p.p.) and cocoa production (− 8.3 p.p.). Regionally, deforestation rates in Asia,...
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 2021
This article investigates the influence of lobbying, electoral incentives, and US state governors... more This article investigates the influence of lobbying, electoral incentives, and US state governors’ party affiliation on environmental expenditures. A theoretical framework is presented, emphasizing the potential impact of lobbying from interest groups on environmental policies. The major causal link for environmental expenditures depends on the governor’s political preferences. Implementing a regression discontinuity design (RDD), we identify and estimate the causal effect of state governors on the level of environmental expenditures. We test whether governors tend to deviate from their own political preferences when facing pressures from polluting lobbies and electoral incentives from environmental organizations. The empirical results reveal that, when Democratic governors are in charge, environmental expenditures are, on average, higher. However, in oil-abundant states, and/or in states where polluting industries are economically important, Democratic politicians tend to allocate ...
After five years of debates, consultations and negotiations, the European institutions reached an... more After five years of debates, consultations and negotiations, the European institutions reached an agreement in 2013 on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the 2014-2020 period. The outcome has major implications for the EU’s budget and farmers’ incomes but also for Europe’s environment, its contribution to global climate change and to food security in the EU and in the world. It was decided to spend more than €400 billion during the rest of the decade on the CAP.The official claims are that the new CAP will take better account of society's expectations and lead to far-reaching changes by making subsidies fairer and ‘greener’ and making the CAP more efficient. It is also asserted that the CAP will play a key part in achieving the overall objective of promoting smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. However, there is significant scepticism about these claims and disappointment with the outcome of the decision-making, the first in which the European Parliament was involved u...
In this paper, we investigate the effect of lobbying and consumer externality on the pattern of p... more In this paper, we investigate the effect of lobbying and consumer externality on the pattern of protection through non-tariff barriers to trade (NTMs) across United States manufacturing sectors. We first extend the Grossman and Helpman (1994) model, “Protection for Sale”, incorporating consumer externality. Externality is intended, in our framework, as the concern of a government for consumers’ safety and the environment, which should result in increased protection through standards and technical measures. In our model, externality adds to interest groups’ lobbying activity in determining the increase in nontariff measures. We test the predictions of our model using a novel database on 2014 stock of NTMs. We measure political organization of industries through lobbying expenditures data, and we identify sectors where government cares the most about consumers’ wellbeing using media sources. Our results suggest that both pressure from interest groups and concerns about safety and envi...
This article investigates the influence of lobbying, electoral incentives, and the ideology of U.... more This article investigates the influence of lobbying, electoral incentives, and the ideology of U.S. state governors on environmental expenditures. A theoretical framework is presented, emphasizing that the potential impact of lobbying and messaging from interest groups on environmental policies depends on the ideology of governors. Implementing a Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD), we identify and estimate the causal effect of state governors on the level of environmental expenditures. We test whether governors tend to deviate from their own political ideology when facing pressures from polluting lobbies and electoral incentives from environmental organizations. The empirical results reveal that, when Democratic governors are in charge, environmental expenditures are, on average, higher. However, in oil-abundant states, Democratic politicians tend to allocate fewer resources to environmental preservation, suggesting that political pressure from lobbying groups matters.
In this paper, we investigate the effect of lobbying and consumers’ externality on the pattern of... more In this paper, we investigate the effect of lobbying and consumers’ externality on the pattern of protection through non-tariff barriers to trade (NTMs) across US manufacturing sectors. We first extend the Grossman and Helpman (1994) model, “Protection for Sale”, incorporating consumer externality. Externality is intended, in our framework, as the concern of a government for consumers’ safety and the environment, which should result in icreased protection through standards and technical measures. We test our model using a novel database on 2014 stock of NTMs. We measure political organization of industries through lobbying expenditures data, and we identify sectors where government cares the most about consumers’ well-being using media sources. Our results suggest that both pressure from interest groups and concerns about safety and environmental issues lead to an increase in the pattern of protection across US manufacturing sectors.
Introduction: Hypertensive black patients have the lowest rates of blood pressure (BP) control. I... more Introduction: Hypertensive black patients have the lowest rates of blood pressure (BP) control. It is unknown to what extent variation in healthcare processes like treatment intensification (TI) and missed visits explain this disparity. Hypothesis: We hypothesized there would be no racial differences in TI but missed visits would be more frequent among black patients and mediate a sizable percentage of BP control disparities. Methods: We used a structural equation multivariate regression model to estimate the likelihood of BP control (BP<140/90 mm Hg) in black vs. white hypertensive patients, mediated by TI and missed visits. We included 6,556 patients who had diagnosis of hypertension and at least one clinic visit with uncontrolled BP (≥140/90 mm Hg) in 12 safety-net clinics in San Francisco from 2015-2017.We used the standard-based method (SBM), which is predictive of BP control, to calculate TI (dose increase or medication addition). We measured missed visits as the number of ...
This paper empirically investigates the impact of financial crises on air pollutant emissions (CO... more This paper empirically investigates the impact of financial crises on air pollutant emissions (CO2, SO2, NOx and PM2.5). A panel data approach is used, including 419 financial crisis episodes in >150 countries over the period 1970-2014. The short- and medium-term effects of crises are estimated, using a GMM specification (for short-term) and the estimation of impulse response functions (for medium-term). Results show that in the short-term, as a consequence financial crises, emissions decrease for all gases except for PM2.5. In particular, emissions of CO2, SO2 and NOx decrease by 2.6, 1.8, and 1.7% respectively. However, in the medium-term, financial crises cause insignificant effect on emissions, or in some cases even lead to a 1-2% increase, cancelling out the initial benefit. Our analysis also shows that the effect of crises is larger in high income and upper-middle income countries. Moreover, recent crises had a larger short-term impact on air pollutants than crises in previous decades. Our results suggest that the beneficial impact of financial crises on air quality is short-lived. To preserve this beneficial impact in the long run and avert new negative post-crisis emission patterns and dynamics, policy responses to financial crises should encompass tighter environmental regulations and green investments.
Recent developments in international trade theory have placed growing emphasis on the quality of ... more Recent developments in international trade theory have placed growing emphasis on the quality of products, showing that it affects countries' export performances. However, as quality is unobservable, a measurement problem emerges. In this paper we apply some of the most recent methods to estimate quality of traded products. We focus on the food sector, where the growing attention on quality and safety issues is leading to an increase in the demand for high quality products. In the first part of our empirical analysis, we investigate the properties of the estimated qualities. We find that, in contrast with what often is assumed in the literature, quality and prices are imperfectly correlated. The second empirical section is dedicated to the study of the relationship between price vs. quality and trade costs. It emerges that the price and the quality of food exports are influenced differently by ad valorem and specific trade costs.
Melitz and Ottaviano's (2008) firm-heterogeneity model predicts that trade liberalization induces... more Melitz and Ottaviano's (2008) firm-heterogeneity model predicts that trade liberalization induces a selection process from low to high productivity firms, which translates to an industry productivity growth. A similar firms' selection effect is induced by market size. In this paper, these predictions are tested across 25 European countries and 9 food industries, over the 1995-2008 period. Using different dynamic panel estimators we find strong support for the model predictions, namely that an increase in import penetration is systematically positively related to productivity growth. The results are robust to measurement issues in productivity, controlling for market size, country and sector heterogeneities, and for the endogeneity of import competition. Interestingly, this positive relationship is almost exclusively driven by competition in final products coming from developed (especially EU-15) countries, suggesting that EU food imports are closer substitutes for domestic production than non-EU imports. These results have some potentially interesting policy implications.
Queries are marked in the margins of the proofs. AUTHOR QUERIES General query: You have warranted... more Queries are marked in the margins of the proofs. AUTHOR QUERIES General query: You have warranted that you have secured the necessary written permission from the appropriate copyright owner for the reproduction of any text, illustration, or other material in your article. (Please see http://journalauthors.tandf.co.uk/preparation/permission.asp.) Please check that any required acknowledgements have been included to reflect this. AQ1 The reference "Broda et al., 2006" is cited in the text but is not listed in the references list. Please either delete intext citation or provide full reference details following journal style. AQ2 Please provide missing publisher location for the "EBDR, 2011" references list entry. AQ3 Please provide missing location (city) name for the "Esposito and Vicarelli, 2011" references list entry.
This paper investigates the relationship between the diffusion of EU standards and product qualit... more This paper investigates the relationship between the diffusion of EU standards and product quality upgrading using highly disaggregated import data to the EU in the food industry. Results show that, on average, the diffusion of EU voluntary standards boosts the rate of quality upgrading. However the results are heterogeneous when moving from primary to processed foods, and from ISO to non-ISO standards.
20. Where should the CAP go post-2020? Allan Buckwell 1. Why it isn't too early to start thinking... more 20. Where should the CAP go post-2020? Allan Buckwell 1. Why it isn't too early to start thinking about the next reform 2. Will there continue to be justification for a grand policy for agriculture and rural development? 3. Will we still require a common EU agricultural policy? 4. What are the options for reform? 5. What are the weaknesses of the current CAP? 6. Lessons learned from past reforms 7. The context in which the reform debate takes place and in which the next policy will operate 8. In summary, what could be the broad elements of the next reform debate? References 21. Is there a need for a mid-term review of the 2013 CAP reform? Rolf Moehler Box 10.1 The proposed agricultural practices beneficial to climate and the environment Box 10.2 Structural bias in the trilogue negotiations towards further weakening of the greening proposals Box 15.1 Policy amendments Box 15.2 Compromise amendments Box 16.1 The draft reports in figures Box 16.2 The nature of the Parliament's influence from a comparative perspective Box 16.3 CAP reform under co-decision: a multi-staged and complex process xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AMS Aggregate Measurement of Support ANC Areas with Natural Constraints AoA Agreement on Agriculture ARC Agricultural and Rural Convention BEPA Bureau of European Policy Advisors BPS Basic Payment Scheme CAP Common Agricultural Policy CBD Convention on Biological Diversity (United Nations) CEEC Central and Eastern European country CEMA European Agricultural Machinery CETA EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement CMO Common Market Organisation COMAGRI Committee for Agriculture and Rural Development CONT Committee on Budgetary Control COP Conference of the Parties CSE Consumer Support Estimate CSF Common Strategic Framework xix
Recent developments in international trade theory give growing emphasis to the quality of the exp... more Recent developments in international trade theory give growing emphasis to the quality of the exported products, showing that it affects both the direction of trade and the countries' export performances. However, as quality is unobservable, a measurement problem clearly emerges. In this paper we measure product quality relying on a nested logit demand structure developed by Berry (1994) and then applied to trade data by Khandelwal (2010). Our main goal is to investigate the reliability and the properties of the estimated qualities, focusing on the EU food sector, where the growing attention on quality and safety issues is leading to an increase in the demand for high quality products. Main results give credence to the accuracy of the quality estimates, which display some interesting properties. Indeed, the quality rankings we draw are in line with the expectations, and quality growth proves to be strongly correlated with TFP growth. Moreover, results reveal that the competitive...
Background: A contextual understanding of hypertension control can inform population health manag... more Background: A contextual understanding of hypertension control can inform population health management strategies to mitigate cardiovascular disease events. This retrospective cohort study links neighborhood-level data with patients’ health records to describe racial/ethnic differences in uncontrolled hypertension and determine if and to what extent these differences are mediated by neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES). Methods: We conducted a mediation analysis using a sample of patients with hypertension from 2 health care delivery systems in San Francisco over 2 years (n=47 031). We used generalized structural equation modeling, adjusted for age, sex, and health care system, to estimate the contribution of nSES to disparities in uncontrolled hypertension between White patients and Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian patients, respectively. Sensitivity analysis removed adjustment for health care system. Results: Over half the cohort (62%) experienced uncontrolled hypertension du...
Managing our transition to sustainability requires a solid understanding of how conditions of fin... more Managing our transition to sustainability requires a solid understanding of how conditions of financial crisis affect our natural environment. Yet, there has been little focus on the nature of the relationship between financial crises and environmental sustainability, especially in relation to forests and deforestation. This study addressed this gap by providing novel evidence on the impact of financial crises on deforestation. A panel data approach is used looking at Global Forest Watch deforestation data from > 150 countries in > 100 crises in the twenty-first century. This includes an analysis of crises effects on principle drivers of deforestation; timber and agricultural commodities—palm oil, soybean, coffee, cattle, and cocoa. At a global level, financial crises are associated with a reduction in deforestation rates (− 36 p.p) and deforestation drivers; roundwood (− 6.7 p.p.), cattle (− 2.3 p.p.) and cocoa production (− 8.3 p.p.). Regionally, deforestation rates in Asia,...
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 2021
This article investigates the influence of lobbying, electoral incentives, and US state governors... more This article investigates the influence of lobbying, electoral incentives, and US state governors’ party affiliation on environmental expenditures. A theoretical framework is presented, emphasizing the potential impact of lobbying from interest groups on environmental policies. The major causal link for environmental expenditures depends on the governor’s political preferences. Implementing a regression discontinuity design (RDD), we identify and estimate the causal effect of state governors on the level of environmental expenditures. We test whether governors tend to deviate from their own political preferences when facing pressures from polluting lobbies and electoral incentives from environmental organizations. The empirical results reveal that, when Democratic governors are in charge, environmental expenditures are, on average, higher. However, in oil-abundant states, and/or in states where polluting industries are economically important, Democratic politicians tend to allocate ...
After five years of debates, consultations and negotiations, the European institutions reached an... more After five years of debates, consultations and negotiations, the European institutions reached an agreement in 2013 on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the 2014-2020 period. The outcome has major implications for the EU’s budget and farmers’ incomes but also for Europe’s environment, its contribution to global climate change and to food security in the EU and in the world. It was decided to spend more than €400 billion during the rest of the decade on the CAP.The official claims are that the new CAP will take better account of society's expectations and lead to far-reaching changes by making subsidies fairer and ‘greener’ and making the CAP more efficient. It is also asserted that the CAP will play a key part in achieving the overall objective of promoting smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. However, there is significant scepticism about these claims and disappointment with the outcome of the decision-making, the first in which the European Parliament was involved u...
In this paper, we investigate the effect of lobbying and consumer externality on the pattern of p... more In this paper, we investigate the effect of lobbying and consumer externality on the pattern of protection through non-tariff barriers to trade (NTMs) across United States manufacturing sectors. We first extend the Grossman and Helpman (1994) model, “Protection for Sale”, incorporating consumer externality. Externality is intended, in our framework, as the concern of a government for consumers’ safety and the environment, which should result in increased protection through standards and technical measures. In our model, externality adds to interest groups’ lobbying activity in determining the increase in nontariff measures. We test the predictions of our model using a novel database on 2014 stock of NTMs. We measure political organization of industries through lobbying expenditures data, and we identify sectors where government cares the most about consumers’ wellbeing using media sources. Our results suggest that both pressure from interest groups and concerns about safety and envi...
This article investigates the influence of lobbying, electoral incentives, and the ideology of U.... more This article investigates the influence of lobbying, electoral incentives, and the ideology of U.S. state governors on environmental expenditures. A theoretical framework is presented, emphasizing that the potential impact of lobbying and messaging from interest groups on environmental policies depends on the ideology of governors. Implementing a Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD), we identify and estimate the causal effect of state governors on the level of environmental expenditures. We test whether governors tend to deviate from their own political ideology when facing pressures from polluting lobbies and electoral incentives from environmental organizations. The empirical results reveal that, when Democratic governors are in charge, environmental expenditures are, on average, higher. However, in oil-abundant states, Democratic politicians tend to allocate fewer resources to environmental preservation, suggesting that political pressure from lobbying groups matters.
In this paper, we investigate the effect of lobbying and consumers’ externality on the pattern of... more In this paper, we investigate the effect of lobbying and consumers’ externality on the pattern of protection through non-tariff barriers to trade (NTMs) across US manufacturing sectors. We first extend the Grossman and Helpman (1994) model, “Protection for Sale”, incorporating consumer externality. Externality is intended, in our framework, as the concern of a government for consumers’ safety and the environment, which should result in icreased protection through standards and technical measures. We test our model using a novel database on 2014 stock of NTMs. We measure political organization of industries through lobbying expenditures data, and we identify sectors where government cares the most about consumers’ well-being using media sources. Our results suggest that both pressure from interest groups and concerns about safety and environmental issues lead to an increase in the pattern of protection across US manufacturing sectors.
Introduction: Hypertensive black patients have the lowest rates of blood pressure (BP) control. I... more Introduction: Hypertensive black patients have the lowest rates of blood pressure (BP) control. It is unknown to what extent variation in healthcare processes like treatment intensification (TI) and missed visits explain this disparity. Hypothesis: We hypothesized there would be no racial differences in TI but missed visits would be more frequent among black patients and mediate a sizable percentage of BP control disparities. Methods: We used a structural equation multivariate regression model to estimate the likelihood of BP control (BP<140/90 mm Hg) in black vs. white hypertensive patients, mediated by TI and missed visits. We included 6,556 patients who had diagnosis of hypertension and at least one clinic visit with uncontrolled BP (≥140/90 mm Hg) in 12 safety-net clinics in San Francisco from 2015-2017.We used the standard-based method (SBM), which is predictive of BP control, to calculate TI (dose increase or medication addition). We measured missed visits as the number of ...
This paper empirically investigates the impact of financial crises on air pollutant emissions (CO... more This paper empirically investigates the impact of financial crises on air pollutant emissions (CO2, SO2, NOx and PM2.5). A panel data approach is used, including 419 financial crisis episodes in >150 countries over the period 1970-2014. The short- and medium-term effects of crises are estimated, using a GMM specification (for short-term) and the estimation of impulse response functions (for medium-term). Results show that in the short-term, as a consequence financial crises, emissions decrease for all gases except for PM2.5. In particular, emissions of CO2, SO2 and NOx decrease by 2.6, 1.8, and 1.7% respectively. However, in the medium-term, financial crises cause insignificant effect on emissions, or in some cases even lead to a 1-2% increase, cancelling out the initial benefit. Our analysis also shows that the effect of crises is larger in high income and upper-middle income countries. Moreover, recent crises had a larger short-term impact on air pollutants than crises in previous decades. Our results suggest that the beneficial impact of financial crises on air quality is short-lived. To preserve this beneficial impact in the long run and avert new negative post-crisis emission patterns and dynamics, policy responses to financial crises should encompass tighter environmental regulations and green investments.
Recent developments in international trade theory have placed growing emphasis on the quality of ... more Recent developments in international trade theory have placed growing emphasis on the quality of products, showing that it affects countries' export performances. However, as quality is unobservable, a measurement problem emerges. In this paper we apply some of the most recent methods to estimate quality of traded products. We focus on the food sector, where the growing attention on quality and safety issues is leading to an increase in the demand for high quality products. In the first part of our empirical analysis, we investigate the properties of the estimated qualities. We find that, in contrast with what often is assumed in the literature, quality and prices are imperfectly correlated. The second empirical section is dedicated to the study of the relationship between price vs. quality and trade costs. It emerges that the price and the quality of food exports are influenced differently by ad valorem and specific trade costs.
Melitz and Ottaviano's (2008) firm-heterogeneity model predicts that trade liberalization induces... more Melitz and Ottaviano's (2008) firm-heterogeneity model predicts that trade liberalization induces a selection process from low to high productivity firms, which translates to an industry productivity growth. A similar firms' selection effect is induced by market size. In this paper, these predictions are tested across 25 European countries and 9 food industries, over the 1995-2008 period. Using different dynamic panel estimators we find strong support for the model predictions, namely that an increase in import penetration is systematically positively related to productivity growth. The results are robust to measurement issues in productivity, controlling for market size, country and sector heterogeneities, and for the endogeneity of import competition. Interestingly, this positive relationship is almost exclusively driven by competition in final products coming from developed (especially EU-15) countries, suggesting that EU food imports are closer substitutes for domestic production than non-EU imports. These results have some potentially interesting policy implications.
Queries are marked in the margins of the proofs. AUTHOR QUERIES General query: You have warranted... more Queries are marked in the margins of the proofs. AUTHOR QUERIES General query: You have warranted that you have secured the necessary written permission from the appropriate copyright owner for the reproduction of any text, illustration, or other material in your article. (Please see http://journalauthors.tandf.co.uk/preparation/permission.asp.) Please check that any required acknowledgements have been included to reflect this. AQ1 The reference "Broda et al., 2006" is cited in the text but is not listed in the references list. Please either delete intext citation or provide full reference details following journal style. AQ2 Please provide missing publisher location for the "EBDR, 2011" references list entry. AQ3 Please provide missing location (city) name for the "Esposito and Vicarelli, 2011" references list entry.
This paper investigates the relationship between the diffusion of EU standards and product qualit... more This paper investigates the relationship between the diffusion of EU standards and product quality upgrading using highly disaggregated import data to the EU in the food industry. Results show that, on average, the diffusion of EU voluntary standards boosts the rate of quality upgrading. However the results are heterogeneous when moving from primary to processed foods, and from ISO to non-ISO standards.
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