As a result of the archaeological investigations conducted by the authors, more than 6100 rock en... more As a result of the archaeological investigations conducted by the authors, more than 6100 rock engravings in the cultural landscape of Akkainar, located between two important sites of rock art, Tamgaly and Kulzhabasy, were documented. Over 800 of them were attributed to the ancient Turkic period. A small group among them consists of tamgas, representing clan signs placed on hereditary property, including cattle. These tamgas are dated wider from the Early Turkic period to the beginning of the 20 th century. While some tamgas from Akkainar have been previously published, a complete repertory for this area has not been available until now. This publication presents new material consisting of 20 tamgas or signs similar to tamgas from Akkainar. Some of the images presented here may not necessarily be tamgas and are published for further discussion. Regarding some images resembling tamgas, two questions arise. Firstly, some of them were previously found in South Kazakhstan, raising questions about the consistent connections between Akkainar and the oases of South Kazakhstan. Secondly, certain signs are associated with zoomorphic images, raising questions about the reuse of former petroglyphs to create new tamgas.
As a result of the archaeological investigations conducted by the authors, more than 6100 rock en... more As a result of the archaeological investigations conducted by the authors, more than 6100 rock engravings in the cultural landscape of Akkainar, located between two important sites of rock art, Tamgaly and Kulzhabasy, were documented. Over 800 of them were attributed to the ancient Turkic period. A small group among them consists of tamgas, representing clan signs placed on hereditary property, including cattle. These tamgas are dated wider from the Early Turkic period to the beginning of the 20 th century. While some tamgas from Akkainar have been previously published, a complete repertory for this area has not been available until now. This publication presents new material consisting of 20 tamgas or signs similar to tamgas from Akkainar. Some of the images presented here may not necessarily be tamgas and are published for further discussion. Regarding some images resembling tamgas, two questions arise. Firstly, some of them were previously found in South Kazakhstan, raising questions about the consistent connections between Akkainar and the oases of South Kazakhstan. Secondly, certain signs are associated with zoomorphic images, raising questions about the reuse of former petroglyphs to create new tamgas.
An Arabic inscription most probably from the 19th century and some Kazakh ethnographic petroglyph... more An Arabic inscription most probably from the 19th century and some Kazakh ethnographic petroglyphs were found in the valley 5 in Eshkiolmes (Almaty region, Kazakhstan). The Arabic inscription consists of 12 characters and does not represent the person who wrote it, but is a description of the landscape or, possibly, the name of a toponym. This inscription is associated with a petroglyph of a zoomorph, raising the question of the relation between the inscription and the depicted animal. Moreover, this inscription, as well as numerous other inscriptions in Arabic in Kazakhstan, as well as in Kyrgyzstan, show that even shepherds could write before the Soviet Union again launched a campaign to eliminate illiteracy. For this reason, the alphabetization of Central Asia before the Soviet period should be questioned. This article also analyzes two other panels with Kazakh ethnographic engravings of this location in order to see the influence of earlier petroglyphs in the Kazakh ethnographic...
An Arabic inscription most probably from the 19 th century and some Kazakh ethnographic petroglyp... more An Arabic inscription most probably from the 19 th century and some Kazakh ethnographic petroglyphs were found in the valley 5 in Eshkiolmes (Almaty region, Kazakhstan). The Arabic inscription consists of 12 characters and does not represent the person who wrote it, but is a description of the landscape or, possibly, the name of a toponym. This inscription is associated with a petroglyph of a zoomorph, raising the question of the relation between the inscription and the depicted animal. Moreover, this inscription, as well as numerous other inscriptions in Arabic in Kazakhstan, as well as in Kyrgyzstan, show that even shepherds could write before the Soviet Union again launched a campaign to eliminate illiteracy. For this reason, the alphabetization of Central Asia before the Soviet period should be questioned. This article also analyzes two other panels with Kazakh ethnographic engravings of this location in order to see the influence of earlier petroglyphs in the Kazakh ethnographic period.
Первая надпись древнетюркским руническом письмом в Таласской долине была найдена около 125 лет на... more Первая надпись древнетюркским руническом письмом в Таласской долине была найдена около 125 лет назад, в 1896 году. В последние десятилетия в долине реки Кенколь, притока реки Талас (Кыргызстан), были обнаружены другие надписи, такие, как наскальные тексты Чон Чачыкей-I-III и Кичи Чачой I. Рядом с ними также находились петроглифы и тамги древнетюркской эпохи. Здесь впервые публикуются две новые рунические надписи из Чон Чачыкей (Чон Чачыкей IV и V). Обе были обнаружены рядом друг с другом. Надпись Чон Чачыкей IV состоит из одной строки, включающей 22 графемы, тогда как короткая надпись Чон Чачыкей V состоит из шести графем. Обе надписи содержат имя čυlïq, которое, судя по всему, следует читать именно как čulïq. Наличие имени в обеих надписях позволяет утверждать, что они оставлены одним и тем же человеком.
Tүйін сөздер: археология, Жетісу, Кіші Өсек өзені, ежелгі түркі кезеңі, ортағасырлық көшпенділер,... more Tүйін сөздер: археология, Жетісу, Кіші Өсек өзені, ежелгі түркі кезеңі, ортағасырлық көшпенділер, кейінгі орта ғасыр-қазіргі заман, таңба, графикалық мұра Ключевые слова: археология, Жетысу, река Малый Усек, древнетюркский период, средневековые кочевники, позднее средневековье-современность, тамга, графическое наследие luc hermann 1 , Boris zheleznyakov 2
Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are famous for their large number of petroglyph sites. In South Kazakhs... more Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are famous for their large number of petroglyph sites. In South Kazakhstan, the site of Tamgaly has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004. The particularity of the rock carving sites of both countries is the continuity of this kind of art. The main petroglyphs date back to the Bronze and Iron Age, but the tradition of rock carving was perpetuated in the Middle Ages, especially in the Turkic era, and in more recent times, like in the Dzhungarian period (XVII-XVIII AD), and continued in the last hundred years. Each year, Kazakh and Kyrgyz shepherds produce new rock carvings in order to kill time. In 2009, Jean-Marie Guastavino published an article in Adoranten about new rock carvings in the Bohuslan region which questioned the notions of graffiti and rock carvings. We would like to contribute to this debate by analysing new rock carvings from the sites of Tamgaly, near Almaty in Kazakhstan, and of Cholpon-Ata, on the north bank of the lake I...
In 2017 and 2018, prospections for rock art at Imaoun in the Anti-Atlas, South-East Morocco stumb... more In 2017 and 2018, prospections for rock art at Imaoun in the Anti-Atlas, South-East Morocco stumbled upon Levallois lithic material. The homogenous production based on the use of local raw material could indicate an important site. Even if very few pieces were discovered, this site could shed light on human occupations in South-West Morocco due to the absence of data for the Middle Palaeolithic in that area.
As a result of the archaeological investigations conducted by the authors, more than 6100 rock en... more As a result of the archaeological investigations conducted by the authors, more than 6100 rock engravings in the cultural landscape of Akkainar, located between two important sites of rock art, Tamgaly and Kulzhabasy, were documented. Over 800 of them were attributed to the ancient Turkic period. A small group among them consists of tamgas, representing clan signs placed on hereditary property, including cattle. These tamgas are dated wider from the Early Turkic period to the beginning of the 20 th century. While some tamgas from Akkainar have been previously published, a complete repertory for this area has not been available until now. This publication presents new material consisting of 20 tamgas or signs similar to tamgas from Akkainar. Some of the images presented here may not necessarily be tamgas and are published for further discussion. Regarding some images resembling tamgas, two questions arise. Firstly, some of them were previously found in South Kazakhstan, raising questions about the consistent connections between Akkainar and the oases of South Kazakhstan. Secondly, certain signs are associated with zoomorphic images, raising questions about the reuse of former petroglyphs to create new tamgas.
As a result of the archaeological investigations conducted by the authors, more than 6100 rock en... more As a result of the archaeological investigations conducted by the authors, more than 6100 rock engravings in the cultural landscape of Akkainar, located between two important sites of rock art, Tamgaly and Kulzhabasy, were documented. Over 800 of them were attributed to the ancient Turkic period. A small group among them consists of tamgas, representing clan signs placed on hereditary property, including cattle. These tamgas are dated wider from the Early Turkic period to the beginning of the 20 th century. While some tamgas from Akkainar have been previously published, a complete repertory for this area has not been available until now. This publication presents new material consisting of 20 tamgas or signs similar to tamgas from Akkainar. Some of the images presented here may not necessarily be tamgas and are published for further discussion. Regarding some images resembling tamgas, two questions arise. Firstly, some of them were previously found in South Kazakhstan, raising questions about the consistent connections between Akkainar and the oases of South Kazakhstan. Secondly, certain signs are associated with zoomorphic images, raising questions about the reuse of former petroglyphs to create new tamgas.
An Arabic inscription most probably from the 19th century and some Kazakh ethnographic petroglyph... more An Arabic inscription most probably from the 19th century and some Kazakh ethnographic petroglyphs were found in the valley 5 in Eshkiolmes (Almaty region, Kazakhstan). The Arabic inscription consists of 12 characters and does not represent the person who wrote it, but is a description of the landscape or, possibly, the name of a toponym. This inscription is associated with a petroglyph of a zoomorph, raising the question of the relation between the inscription and the depicted animal. Moreover, this inscription, as well as numerous other inscriptions in Arabic in Kazakhstan, as well as in Kyrgyzstan, show that even shepherds could write before the Soviet Union again launched a campaign to eliminate illiteracy. For this reason, the alphabetization of Central Asia before the Soviet period should be questioned. This article also analyzes two other panels with Kazakh ethnographic engravings of this location in order to see the influence of earlier petroglyphs in the Kazakh ethnographic...
An Arabic inscription most probably from the 19 th century and some Kazakh ethnographic petroglyp... more An Arabic inscription most probably from the 19 th century and some Kazakh ethnographic petroglyphs were found in the valley 5 in Eshkiolmes (Almaty region, Kazakhstan). The Arabic inscription consists of 12 characters and does not represent the person who wrote it, but is a description of the landscape or, possibly, the name of a toponym. This inscription is associated with a petroglyph of a zoomorph, raising the question of the relation between the inscription and the depicted animal. Moreover, this inscription, as well as numerous other inscriptions in Arabic in Kazakhstan, as well as in Kyrgyzstan, show that even shepherds could write before the Soviet Union again launched a campaign to eliminate illiteracy. For this reason, the alphabetization of Central Asia before the Soviet period should be questioned. This article also analyzes two other panels with Kazakh ethnographic engravings of this location in order to see the influence of earlier petroglyphs in the Kazakh ethnographic period.
Первая надпись древнетюркским руническом письмом в Таласской долине была найдена около 125 лет на... more Первая надпись древнетюркским руническом письмом в Таласской долине была найдена около 125 лет назад, в 1896 году. В последние десятилетия в долине реки Кенколь, притока реки Талас (Кыргызстан), были обнаружены другие надписи, такие, как наскальные тексты Чон Чачыкей-I-III и Кичи Чачой I. Рядом с ними также находились петроглифы и тамги древнетюркской эпохи. Здесь впервые публикуются две новые рунические надписи из Чон Чачыкей (Чон Чачыкей IV и V). Обе были обнаружены рядом друг с другом. Надпись Чон Чачыкей IV состоит из одной строки, включающей 22 графемы, тогда как короткая надпись Чон Чачыкей V состоит из шести графем. Обе надписи содержат имя čυlïq, которое, судя по всему, следует читать именно как čulïq. Наличие имени в обеих надписях позволяет утверждать, что они оставлены одним и тем же человеком.
Tүйін сөздер: археология, Жетісу, Кіші Өсек өзені, ежелгі түркі кезеңі, ортағасырлық көшпенділер,... more Tүйін сөздер: археология, Жетісу, Кіші Өсек өзені, ежелгі түркі кезеңі, ортағасырлық көшпенділер, кейінгі орта ғасыр-қазіргі заман, таңба, графикалық мұра Ключевые слова: археология, Жетысу, река Малый Усек, древнетюркский период, средневековые кочевники, позднее средневековье-современность, тамга, графическое наследие luc hermann 1 , Boris zheleznyakov 2
Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are famous for their large number of petroglyph sites. In South Kazakhs... more Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are famous for their large number of petroglyph sites. In South Kazakhstan, the site of Tamgaly has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004. The particularity of the rock carving sites of both countries is the continuity of this kind of art. The main petroglyphs date back to the Bronze and Iron Age, but the tradition of rock carving was perpetuated in the Middle Ages, especially in the Turkic era, and in more recent times, like in the Dzhungarian period (XVII-XVIII AD), and continued in the last hundred years. Each year, Kazakh and Kyrgyz shepherds produce new rock carvings in order to kill time. In 2009, Jean-Marie Guastavino published an article in Adoranten about new rock carvings in the Bohuslan region which questioned the notions of graffiti and rock carvings. We would like to contribute to this debate by analysing new rock carvings from the sites of Tamgaly, near Almaty in Kazakhstan, and of Cholpon-Ata, on the north bank of the lake I...
In 2017 and 2018, prospections for rock art at Imaoun in the Anti-Atlas, South-East Morocco stumb... more In 2017 and 2018, prospections for rock art at Imaoun in the Anti-Atlas, South-East Morocco stumbled upon Levallois lithic material. The homogenous production based on the use of local raw material could indicate an important site. Even if very few pieces were discovered, this site could shed light on human occupations in South-West Morocco due to the absence of data for the Middle Palaeolithic in that area.
The book is written on the basis of research within the framework of a grant of the Ministry of E... more The book is written on the basis of research within the framework of a grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan IRN AR05131564: ‘Development of a model of communication for the population of Central Asia in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: the interaction of traditions and dialogue of The publication of materials on new and already well-known pictorial monuments – mainly petroglyphs of the steppes and foothills of Central Asia
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