Journal of general internal medicine, Jan 20, 2018
New guidelines recommend shared decision-making (SDM) for women and their clinician in considerat... more New guidelines recommend shared decision-making (SDM) for women and their clinician in consideration of breast cancer screening, particularly for women ages 35-50 where guidelines for routine mammography are controversial. A number of models offer general guidelines for SDM across clinical practice, yet they do not offer specific guidance about conducting SDM in mammography. We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify the key elements of breast cancer screening SDM and synthesize these key elements for utilization by primary care clinicians. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL Plus); PsycInfo, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and SocIndex databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were original studies from peer-reviewed publications (from 2009 or later) reporting breast cancer screening (mammography), medical decision-making, and patient-centered care. Study populations needed to include female pati...
Recent research suggests that mental health problems in spouses of cancer survivors are associate... more Recent research suggests that mental health problems in spouses of cancer survivors are associated with worse mental health in the survivors themselves. Adequately treating spousal mental health problems therefore represents an opportunity to improve outcomes for both cancer survivors and their co-surviving family members. Using nationally representative data, this study sought to determine how depression treatment differs between spouses of cancer survivors with depression compared to the general married population and assess rural/urban disparities in treatment. The design of the study is cross sectional. Data are from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey, a household-based survey of US adults; we concatenated data from 2004 to 2013. We identified spouses of cancer survivors (n = 225) and a comparison group of married adults (n = 3678). Key measures included depression, guideline concordance of depression treatment (at least four prescriptions related to depression treatment, or ...
Journal of medical Internet research, Nov 14, 2017
Symptom distress in patients toward the end of life can change rapidly. Family caregivers have th... more Symptom distress in patients toward the end of life can change rapidly. Family caregivers have the potential to help patients manage those symptoms, as well as their own stress, if they are equipped with the proper resources. Electronic health (eHealth) systems may be able to provide those resources. Very sick patients may not be able to use such systems themselves to report their symptoms but family caregivers could. The aim of this paper was to assess the effects on cancer patient symptom distress of an eHealth system that alerts clinicians to significant changes in the patient's symptoms, as reported by a family caregiver. A pooled analysis from two randomized clinical trials (NCT00214162 and NCT00365963) compared outcomes at 12 months for two unblinded groups: a control group (Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System [CHESS]-Only) that gave caregivers access to CHESS, an online support system, and an experimental group (CHESS+CR [Clinician Report]), which also had CHE...
Many parents report needing to watch over their child's hospital care to prevent mistakes. In... more Many parents report needing to watch over their child's hospital care to prevent mistakes. In this study, we assessed whether needing to watch over care predicts parent performance of recommended safety behaviors to reduce medication errors and health care-associated infections. At admission, we surveyed 170 parents about their need to watch over care, demographics, and hospitalization factors. At discharge, parents were surveyed about medication awareness and hand hygiene behaviors. Logistic regression was used to examine how parents' need to watch over care predicted each behavior, adjusting for demographics and hospitalization factors. Thirty-eight percent of parents reported needing to watch over care. Most parents (77%) reported frequently or very frequently asking providers for drug names or doses. Fewer parents asked to check drug or infusion accuracy (29%) or to show or read aloud medication labels (21%). Few parents reminded providers to clean hands (4%), but most s...
Patients with incurable cancer have poor prognostic awareness. We present a detailed analysis of ... more Patients with incurable cancer have poor prognostic awareness. We present a detailed analysis of the dialogue between oncologists and patients in conversations with prognostic implications. A total of 128 audio-recorded encounters from a large multisite trial were obtained, and 64 involved scan results. We used conversation analysis, a qualitative method for studying human interaction, to analyze typical patterns and conversational devices. Four components consistently occurred in sequential order: symptom-talk, scan-talk, treatment-talk, and logistic-talk. Six of the encounters (19%) were identified as good news, 15 (45%) as stable news, and 12 (36%) as bad news. The visit duration varied by the type of news: good, 15 minutes (07:00-29:00); stable, 17 minutes (07:00-41:00); and bad, 20 minutes (07:00-28:00). Conversational devices were common, appearing in half of recordings. Treatment-talk occupied 50% of bad-news encounters, 31% of good-news encounters, and 19% of stable-news enc...
Because patients are at the frontline of care where safety climate is closely tied to safety even... more Because patients are at the frontline of care where safety climate is closely tied to safety events, understanding patient perceptions of safety climate is crucial. We sought to develop and evaluate a parent-reported version of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and to relate parent-reported responses to parental need to watch over their child's care to ensure mistakes are not made. Parents (n=172) were surveyed about perceptions of hospital safety climate (14 items representing four domains-overall perceptions of safety, openness of staff and parent communication, and handoffs and transitions) and perceived need to watch over their child's care. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate safety climate domain measures. Logistic regression was used to relate need to watch over care to safety climate domains. CFA indices suggested good model fit for safety climate domains. Thirty-nine per cent of parents agree...
Enrolling adequate numbers of subjects to research projects that focus on the supportive needs of... more Enrolling adequate numbers of subjects to research projects that focus on the supportive needs of patients and caregivers is difficult, and this difficulty significantly impedes investigation of this important research area. We report reasons that patients or their informal caregivers declined to participate in one of two randomized, longitudinal clinical trials testing the Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS), a Web-based information and support scheme for people with advanced cancer and their primary informal caregivers. Patients were asked why they declined participation in these trials; their responses then were recorded and coded into themes. The leading reasons included factors related to using a computer (eg, lack of familiarity with using this technology, access to other resources), being attended to by a caregiver (eg, poor caregiver health, caregiver burden, patient doing well and not needing a caregiver), taking part in a study (eg, survey burden, priva...
Managing conflicts between different perspectives is critical to healthcare system redesign. This... more Managing conflicts between different perspectives is critical to healthcare system redesign. This study compares the perspectives of different stakeholders involved in family-centered rounds (FCR) in a pediatric hospital. A survey was distributed to 134 participants involved in FCR. The objective of the survey was to evaluate stakeholder perceptions of the impact of system redesign strategies on family engagement in FCR. Results showed parents, nurses, physicians and medical students have different opinions about how to enhance family engagement in FCR. Recommendations for managing different perspectives in healthcare system redesign are discussed.
Bedside round in a pediatric hospital Stimulated recall and participatory ergonomics a b s t r a ... more Bedside round in a pediatric hospital Stimulated recall and participatory ergonomics a b s t r a c t Human factors and ergonomics methods are needed to redesign healthcare processes and support patient-centered care, in particular for vulnerable patients such as hospitalized children. We implemented and evaluated a stimulated recall methodology for collective confrontation in the context of family-centered rounds. Five parents and five healthcare team members reviewed video records of their bedside rounds, and were then interviewed using the stimulated recall methodology to identify work system barriers and facilitators in family-centered rounds. The evaluation of the methodology was based on a survey of the participants, and a qualitative analysis of interview data in light of the work system model of Carayon (1989, 2001). Positive survey feedback from the participants was received. The stimulated recall methodology identified barriers and facilitators in all work system elements. Participatory ergonomics methods such as the stimulated recall methodology allow a range of participants, including parents and children, to participate in healthcare process improvement.
Objective-Caregivers maintain critical roles in cancer patient care. Understanding cancerrelated ... more Objective-Caregivers maintain critical roles in cancer patient care. Understanding cancerrelated information effects both caregiver involvement and ability to have needs met. This study examines the mediating role caregiver's clinic visit involvement has on the relationships between caregiver's information competence and their need fulfillment and clinic visit satisfaction.
To determine whether an online support tool can impact anxiety in women experiencing an abnormal ... more To determine whether an online support tool can impact anxiety in women experiencing an abnormal mammogram. We developed an online support system using the Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS) designed for women experiencing an abnormal mammogram as a model. Our trial randomized 130 of these women to online support (the intervention group) or to a list of five commonly used Internet sites (the comparison group). Surveys assessed anxiety and breast cancer worry, and patient satisfaction at three important clinical time points: when women were notified of their abnormal mammogram, at the time of diagnostic imaging, and at the time of biopsy (if biopsy was recommended). Study participants in the intervention group showed a significant decrease in anxiety at the time of biopsy compared to the comparison group (p = 0.017). However, there was no significant difference in anxiety between the intervention group and the comparison group at the time of diagnostic work-up. We discontinued assessment of patient satisfaction after finding that many women had substantial difficulty answering the questions that referenced their physician, because they did not understand who their physician was for this process of care. The combination of the inability to identify the physician providing care during the mammography work-up and anxiety effects seen only after an interaction with the breast imaging team may indicate that online support only decreases the anxiety of women in concert with direct interpersonal support from the healthcare team.
Journal of general internal medicine, Jan 20, 2018
New guidelines recommend shared decision-making (SDM) for women and their clinician in considerat... more New guidelines recommend shared decision-making (SDM) for women and their clinician in consideration of breast cancer screening, particularly for women ages 35-50 where guidelines for routine mammography are controversial. A number of models offer general guidelines for SDM across clinical practice, yet they do not offer specific guidance about conducting SDM in mammography. We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify the key elements of breast cancer screening SDM and synthesize these key elements for utilization by primary care clinicians. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL Plus); PsycInfo, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and SocIndex databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were original studies from peer-reviewed publications (from 2009 or later) reporting breast cancer screening (mammography), medical decision-making, and patient-centered care. Study populations needed to include female pati...
Recent research suggests that mental health problems in spouses of cancer survivors are associate... more Recent research suggests that mental health problems in spouses of cancer survivors are associated with worse mental health in the survivors themselves. Adequately treating spousal mental health problems therefore represents an opportunity to improve outcomes for both cancer survivors and their co-surviving family members. Using nationally representative data, this study sought to determine how depression treatment differs between spouses of cancer survivors with depression compared to the general married population and assess rural/urban disparities in treatment. The design of the study is cross sectional. Data are from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey, a household-based survey of US adults; we concatenated data from 2004 to 2013. We identified spouses of cancer survivors (n = 225) and a comparison group of married adults (n = 3678). Key measures included depression, guideline concordance of depression treatment (at least four prescriptions related to depression treatment, or ...
Journal of medical Internet research, Nov 14, 2017
Symptom distress in patients toward the end of life can change rapidly. Family caregivers have th... more Symptom distress in patients toward the end of life can change rapidly. Family caregivers have the potential to help patients manage those symptoms, as well as their own stress, if they are equipped with the proper resources. Electronic health (eHealth) systems may be able to provide those resources. Very sick patients may not be able to use such systems themselves to report their symptoms but family caregivers could. The aim of this paper was to assess the effects on cancer patient symptom distress of an eHealth system that alerts clinicians to significant changes in the patient's symptoms, as reported by a family caregiver. A pooled analysis from two randomized clinical trials (NCT00214162 and NCT00365963) compared outcomes at 12 months for two unblinded groups: a control group (Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System [CHESS]-Only) that gave caregivers access to CHESS, an online support system, and an experimental group (CHESS+CR [Clinician Report]), which also had CHE...
Many parents report needing to watch over their child's hospital care to prevent mistakes. In... more Many parents report needing to watch over their child's hospital care to prevent mistakes. In this study, we assessed whether needing to watch over care predicts parent performance of recommended safety behaviors to reduce medication errors and health care-associated infections. At admission, we surveyed 170 parents about their need to watch over care, demographics, and hospitalization factors. At discharge, parents were surveyed about medication awareness and hand hygiene behaviors. Logistic regression was used to examine how parents' need to watch over care predicted each behavior, adjusting for demographics and hospitalization factors. Thirty-eight percent of parents reported needing to watch over care. Most parents (77%) reported frequently or very frequently asking providers for drug names or doses. Fewer parents asked to check drug or infusion accuracy (29%) or to show or read aloud medication labels (21%). Few parents reminded providers to clean hands (4%), but most s...
Patients with incurable cancer have poor prognostic awareness. We present a detailed analysis of ... more Patients with incurable cancer have poor prognostic awareness. We present a detailed analysis of the dialogue between oncologists and patients in conversations with prognostic implications. A total of 128 audio-recorded encounters from a large multisite trial were obtained, and 64 involved scan results. We used conversation analysis, a qualitative method for studying human interaction, to analyze typical patterns and conversational devices. Four components consistently occurred in sequential order: symptom-talk, scan-talk, treatment-talk, and logistic-talk. Six of the encounters (19%) were identified as good news, 15 (45%) as stable news, and 12 (36%) as bad news. The visit duration varied by the type of news: good, 15 minutes (07:00-29:00); stable, 17 minutes (07:00-41:00); and bad, 20 minutes (07:00-28:00). Conversational devices were common, appearing in half of recordings. Treatment-talk occupied 50% of bad-news encounters, 31% of good-news encounters, and 19% of stable-news enc...
Because patients are at the frontline of care where safety climate is closely tied to safety even... more Because patients are at the frontline of care where safety climate is closely tied to safety events, understanding patient perceptions of safety climate is crucial. We sought to develop and evaluate a parent-reported version of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and to relate parent-reported responses to parental need to watch over their child's care to ensure mistakes are not made. Parents (n=172) were surveyed about perceptions of hospital safety climate (14 items representing four domains-overall perceptions of safety, openness of staff and parent communication, and handoffs and transitions) and perceived need to watch over their child's care. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate safety climate domain measures. Logistic regression was used to relate need to watch over care to safety climate domains. CFA indices suggested good model fit for safety climate domains. Thirty-nine per cent of parents agree...
Enrolling adequate numbers of subjects to research projects that focus on the supportive needs of... more Enrolling adequate numbers of subjects to research projects that focus on the supportive needs of patients and caregivers is difficult, and this difficulty significantly impedes investigation of this important research area. We report reasons that patients or their informal caregivers declined to participate in one of two randomized, longitudinal clinical trials testing the Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS), a Web-based information and support scheme for people with advanced cancer and their primary informal caregivers. Patients were asked why they declined participation in these trials; their responses then were recorded and coded into themes. The leading reasons included factors related to using a computer (eg, lack of familiarity with using this technology, access to other resources), being attended to by a caregiver (eg, poor caregiver health, caregiver burden, patient doing well and not needing a caregiver), taking part in a study (eg, survey burden, priva...
Managing conflicts between different perspectives is critical to healthcare system redesign. This... more Managing conflicts between different perspectives is critical to healthcare system redesign. This study compares the perspectives of different stakeholders involved in family-centered rounds (FCR) in a pediatric hospital. A survey was distributed to 134 participants involved in FCR. The objective of the survey was to evaluate stakeholder perceptions of the impact of system redesign strategies on family engagement in FCR. Results showed parents, nurses, physicians and medical students have different opinions about how to enhance family engagement in FCR. Recommendations for managing different perspectives in healthcare system redesign are discussed.
Bedside round in a pediatric hospital Stimulated recall and participatory ergonomics a b s t r a ... more Bedside round in a pediatric hospital Stimulated recall and participatory ergonomics a b s t r a c t Human factors and ergonomics methods are needed to redesign healthcare processes and support patient-centered care, in particular for vulnerable patients such as hospitalized children. We implemented and evaluated a stimulated recall methodology for collective confrontation in the context of family-centered rounds. Five parents and five healthcare team members reviewed video records of their bedside rounds, and were then interviewed using the stimulated recall methodology to identify work system barriers and facilitators in family-centered rounds. The evaluation of the methodology was based on a survey of the participants, and a qualitative analysis of interview data in light of the work system model of Carayon (1989, 2001). Positive survey feedback from the participants was received. The stimulated recall methodology identified barriers and facilitators in all work system elements. Participatory ergonomics methods such as the stimulated recall methodology allow a range of participants, including parents and children, to participate in healthcare process improvement.
Objective-Caregivers maintain critical roles in cancer patient care. Understanding cancerrelated ... more Objective-Caregivers maintain critical roles in cancer patient care. Understanding cancerrelated information effects both caregiver involvement and ability to have needs met. This study examines the mediating role caregiver's clinic visit involvement has on the relationships between caregiver's information competence and their need fulfillment and clinic visit satisfaction.
To determine whether an online support tool can impact anxiety in women experiencing an abnormal ... more To determine whether an online support tool can impact anxiety in women experiencing an abnormal mammogram. We developed an online support system using the Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS) designed for women experiencing an abnormal mammogram as a model. Our trial randomized 130 of these women to online support (the intervention group) or to a list of five commonly used Internet sites (the comparison group). Surveys assessed anxiety and breast cancer worry, and patient satisfaction at three important clinical time points: when women were notified of their abnormal mammogram, at the time of diagnostic imaging, and at the time of biopsy (if biopsy was recommended). Study participants in the intervention group showed a significant decrease in anxiety at the time of biopsy compared to the comparison group (p = 0.017). However, there was no significant difference in anxiety between the intervention group and the comparison group at the time of diagnostic work-up. We discontinued assessment of patient satisfaction after finding that many women had substantial difficulty answering the questions that referenced their physician, because they did not understand who their physician was for this process of care. The combination of the inability to identify the physician providing care during the mammography work-up and anxiety effects seen only after an interaction with the breast imaging team may indicate that online support only decreases the anxiety of women in concert with direct interpersonal support from the healthcare team.
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Papers by Lori Dubenske