Papers by José M . V . Lobo
Diagnóstico da deterioração do granito no farol de São Miguel-o-Anjo (Foz do Douro-Porto) e medidas de conservação
The lighthouse of St Michael the Angel in Foz do Douro, Porto, is the oldest existing lighthouse ... more The lighthouse of St Michael the Angel in Foz do Douro, Porto, is the oldest existing lighthouse in Portugal. It was the Bishop of Viseu, D. Miguel da Silva, who ordered the construction of the lighthouse-chapel of St. Michael the Angel, on the site of Cantareira, on an uneven rock cliff almost in the middle of the Douro river. With an inner octagonal drawing, it has a square exterior shape that constitute an arrangement and order meant to be a light that illuminates the entrance of the harbour, so that it could be a guide for ships and boats to follow the right track to the Douro river shores, warning how dangerous the existing cliff into the bar, called Felgueira, was. The lighthouse-chapel was built in 1527, under a design by the Italian Francesco de Carmona. It has three entries, contemporary of its foundation. The dome exhibits a purity of Renaissance architecture. It constitutes a single copy in Portugal and the oldest in Europe. It is an emblematic building due to the historical features and also to the stone diseases associated to it. The aim of this thesis deals with the application of techniques and diagnostic tests to determine the factors and the mechanisms responsible for the deterioration of the granite stones applied in the building, up to a height of 2.50 meters, both on the South and East façades, and proceeds with an offer of assistance for the conservation of these façades up to the same height. A hard work of bibliographic research has been carried out to provide support for investigation regarding the knowledge of the strategies for the study of problems existing in the rocks used in the construction of monuments and buildings. It was important to know the identity and the historical performance of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel, as well as aspects of geomorphology and climate in the framework of the monument within the geological context. The recognition of the main deterioration processes was based on the study of the representative granite facies of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel. For this purpose a mapping of survey of the spoilage in lithology and of the most degraded areas was done, as well as a mineralogical and geochemical study of the granite used in the construction by reference to various experimental techniques, including stereoscopic binocular microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and the Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that this monument was preferentially built with the two-mica granite of Oporto region. The increased air pollution associated with its function, the weathering processes, the climate, the monument location, the rise of mineral solutions of soluble salts on the walls by capillarity and the absence of mortar in the joints of the eastern façade have contributed for the substantial increase in the rate of stone deterioration of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel in Foz do Douro.
Tese de Mestrado, 2008
The lighthouse of St Michael the Angel in Foz do Douro, Porto, is the oldest existing lighthouse... more The lighthouse of St Michael the Angel in Foz do Douro, Porto, is the oldest existing lighthouse in Portugal. It was the Bishop of Viseu, D. Miguel da Silva, who ordered the construction of the lighthouse-chapel of St. Michael the Angel, on the site of Cantareira, on an uneven rock cliff almost in the middle of the Douro river. With an inner octagonal
drawing, it has a square exterior shape that constitute an arrangement and order meant to be a light that illuminates the entrance of the harbour, so that it could be a guide for ships and boats to follow the right track to the Douro river shores, warning how dangerous the existing
cliff into the bar, called Felgueira, was. The lighthouse-chapel was built in 1527, under a design by the Italian Francesco de Carmona. It has three entries, contemporary of its foundation. The dome exhibits a purity of Renaissance architecture. It constitutes a single copy in Portugal and the oldest in Europe. It is an emblematic building due to the historical
features and also to the stone diseases associated to it.
The aim of this thesis deals with the application of techniques and diagnostic tests to determine the factors and the mechanisms responsible for the deterioration of the granite stones applied in the building, up to a height of 2.50 meters, both on the South and East
façades, and proceeds with an offer of assistance for the conservation of these façades up to the same height. A hard work of bibliographic research has been carried out to provide support for investigation regarding the knowledge of the strategies for the study of problems
existing in the rocks used in the construction of monuments and buildings. It was important to know the identity and the historical performance of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel, as well as aspects of geomorphology and climate in the framework of the monument within the geological context.
The recognition of the main deterioration processes was based on the study of the representative granite facies of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel. For this purpose a mapping of survey of the spoilage in lithology and of the most degraded areas was done, as
well as a mineralogical and geochemical study of the granite used in the construction by reference to various experimental techniques, including stereoscopic binocular microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and the Raman spectroscopy.
The results indicate that this monument was preferentially built with the two-mica granite of Oporto region. The increased air pollution associated with its function, the weathering processes, the climate, the monument location, the rise of mineral solutions of soluble salts
on the walls by capillarity and the absence of mortar in the joints of the eastern façade have contributed for the substantial increase in the rate of stone deterioration of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel in Foz do Douro.
Estudos geoquímicos permitiram a identificação
dos sais solúveis principais responsáveis pela
mai... more Estudos geoquímicos permitiram a identificação
dos sais solúveis principais responsáveis pela
maioria das deteriorações observadas no granito
utilizado em edifícios históricos da região do Porto
quando exposto a condições ambientais e
confirmaram a suscetibilidade do granito à
alteração, como consequência das suas
propriedades intrínsecas e da sua petrogénese.
Pelo seu valor patrimonial e pela multiplicidade
de técnicas aplicadas selecionaram-se três
monumentos construídos com o granito que
caracteriza o substrato da cidade do Porto, quer
na sua edificação original quer nas reabilitações
que se foram sobrepondo ao longo da sua
história: a Igreja de Santa Maria de Leça do
Mosteiro de Leça do Balio, o Farol de S. Miguelo-Anjo e a Reitoria da Universidade do Porto
(Lobo, 2008; Dias, 2016; Lopes, 2016; Moutinho e
Almeida, 2016).
A caracterização dos produtos que se formam na superfície do granito utilizado em edifícios histó... more A caracterização dos produtos que se formam na superfície do granito utilizado em edifícios históricos da região do Porto
quando exposta a condições ambientais tem vindo a ser alvo de diferentes abordagens que se combinam para um melhor
conhecimento dos fatores que estão na origem dos tipos de deterioração da pedra. Na presente síntese dar-se-á um destaque
particular à contribuição da geoquímica que, por um lado, permitiu a identificação dos sais solúveis principais responsáveis
pela maioria das deteriorações observadas e, por outro lado, confirmou a suscetibilidade do granito do Porto à alteração como
consequência das suas propriedades intrínsecas e da petrogénese. De entre os casos estudados até ao momento
selecionaram-se três exemplos ilustrativos pelo seu valor patrimonial e pela multiplicidade de técnicas aplicadas na
caracterização do granito e no diagnóstico das patologias: o Farol de S. Miguel-o-Anjo, a Igreja de Santa Maria de Leça do
Mosteiro de Leça do Balio e a Reitoria da Universidade do Porto. Tendo em consideração os três estudos recorreu-se no seu
conjunto à geoquímica de rocha total, geoquímica isotópica, microscopia eletrónica de varrimento com microanálise de raios X,
espectroscopia Raman e espectroscopia de infravermelhos com transformada de Fourier (FTIR)..
Palavras-chave: Porto, granito, deterioração, património, geoquímica.
The characterization of the products that are formed on the granite surface applied in historical buildings of Porto region due to
the exposure to environmental conditions has been the object of different approaches that are combined to better understand
the factors that lie in the origin of the stone deterioration types. The present synthesis particularly enhances the geochemistry
contribution both to the identification of the soluble salts responsible for the main deterioration types and to the assurance of the
Porto granite susceptibility to alteration as a consequence of its intrinsic properties and petrogenesis. Three illustrative
examples have been selected taking into account their historical heritage value and the variety of the approaches applied in the
granite characterization and in the deterioration diagnosis: the lighthouse of Saint Michael the Angel, the Saint Mary of Leça
church of the Leça do Balio Monastery and the Rectory building of Porto University. Considering the three global stone
deterioration studies the geochemical approaches comprised whole rock analysis, isotopic geochemistry, scanning electron
microscopy coupled with x ray microanalysis, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Keywords: Porto, granite, deterioration, heritage, geochemistry.
The diagnosis of the deterioration types at the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel show granular... more The diagnosis of the deterioration types at the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel show granular disintegration, plates, flakes, black crusts, thin black layers, biological colonization and fissuration. The geochemical study of the pathologies puts into evidence the formation of soluble salts and minerals, namely halite, gypsum, barite and calcite. The close proximity to the Atlantic Ocean in the river mouth is an important factor in the composition of rain water and in the formation of marine aerosols, with sodium chloride and sulphate ions. The stones applied in the lighthouse were extracted from a local quarry of peraluminous two-mica granite, affected by late-to post-magmatic alteration processes well illustrated by the muscovitization of biotite and plagioclase. The potassic feldspar was strongly kaolinized. Hence, during the construction of the building, the stones already exhibited some chemical alteration inherited from the quarry, a fact that is confirmed by the presence of gibbsite and kaolinite that indicate a high degree of mineralogical evolution. The natural deterioration factors, mainly the long exposure to climate conditions and the rock susceptibility to weathering, are aggravated by the reaction of mortars with the rock minerals and by industrial and traffic pollution. The stones that exhibit granular disintegration of greater intensity are located mainly in the lower parts of the façades and are associated with capillary rise of saline solutions. The black crusts are associated with salient architectural details to the plan of the facade. The lighthouse of St Michael the Angel in the mouth of the Douro river, Porto, Portugal, has been selected for a geochemical study of the deterioration of the granite stone. The lighthouse-chapel was built in 1527, under a design by the Italian Francesco de Carmona. It has three entries, contemporary of its foundation. The dome exhibits a purity of Renaissance architecture. It constitutes a single copy in Portugal and the oldest in Europe. It is an emblematic building due to the historical features and also to the stone diseases associated to it. The recognition of the main deterioration processes was based on the study of the representative granite facies of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel. For this purpose a mineralogical and geochemical study of the granite stone deterioration and of the joint mortars, using various experimental techniques that include stereoscopic binocular microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and the Raman spectroscopy, was carried out.
Indiscipline in the classroom has been the object of study, since it is an
emerging issue of con... more Indiscipline in the classroom has been the object of study, since it is an
emerging issue of concern to the teachers. It is crucial to know the outlines of the
problem and define strategies to deal with it, thus contributing to an improvement
of pedagogical practice.
We considered as main objectives of this study: to learn about the
perspectives of teachers of the 2nd and 3rd cycle of basic, CEF and secondary
and professional education at a public school in Lousada about indiscipline, the
strategies they use to prevent or deal with situations of indiscipline, their
perception about the success of strategies used. Regarding the methodology
used in this research, we adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach, using
record as a technique for collecting data.
Será que a indisciplina constitui um dos principais desafios no âmbito da relação pedagógica na a... more Será que a indisciplina constitui um dos principais desafios no âmbito da relação pedagógica na atualidade? A indisciplina escolar constitui um desafio à escola atual, na prática pedagógica do professor, na intervenção dos técnicos e também nas funções desempenhadas por pais e encarregados de educação, na procura de respostas e estratégias eficazes. Tendo em conta as questões colocadas e os objetivos definidos, pretendeu-se compreender por que é que as situações de indisciplina acontecem neste agrupamento, e o contributo dos pais e encarregados de educação e dos professores, na prevenção e no combate à indisciplina. Procurou-se entender a verdadeira realidade do agrupamento e aferir as dificuldades dos seus intervenientes para que, se pudesse definir o projeto a desenvolver e que colmatasse as dificuldades encontradas. Haverá, pois, que sensibilizar a comunidade educativa para prevenir e combater os casos de indisciplina escolar e para tal deve ter o agrupamento um Plano Estratégico de Intervenção que envolva todos os atores e protagonistas. Conclui-se que, embora os objetivos propostos para esta investigação, tenham sido cumpridos e respondidos com recurso à análise de dados, deve-se salientar, que houve fatores que constituíram limitações a esta investigação. Nomeadamente, o tamanho limitado da amostra e o facto de se tratar de um estudo de apenas quatro anos letivos (2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17 e 2017/18), não permitindo a generalização dos resultados. Em futuras investigações seria vantajoso considerar amostras mais amplas e heterogéneas, com mais alunos, neste fez-se uma abordagem por disciplina, e numa próxima dever-se-ia considerar o binómio disciplina/professor, mais pessoal não docente/piso/secção da escola, por forma a poder avaliar quais as suas representações perante a indisciplina. PROPOSTAS PARA MELHORAR OS ÍNDICES DE INDISCIPLINA Continuação com o sistema de monitorização informática, de recolha dos dados de participação de ocorrências; Fornecer ao corpo docente e não docente, atualmente no ativo, formação específica sobre como gerir/mediar situações de indisciplina escolar; Apostar num regime de codocência em turmas de maior insucesso escolar e/ou com problemas comportamentais. RESUMO A indisciplina na sala de aula tem vindo a ser objeto de estudo, uma vez que constitui uma problemática relevante na preocupação dos professores. Torna-se importante conhecer os contornos do problema para melhor se conseguirem definir estratégias para lidar com ele, contribuindo assim para uma melhoria da prática pedagógica. Considerámos como objetivos principais deste estudo: conhecer as perspetivas dos professores/alunos do 2º e 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, CEF e do Ensino Secundário e Profissional de uma escola pública do concelho de Lousada sobre a indisciplina, as estratégias utilizadas pelos mesmos para prevenir/dar resposta a situações de indisciplina, a sua perceção relativamente ao sucesso das estratégias utilizadas. Relativamente à metodologia usada nesta investigação, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, enveredando-se pela realização de relatório como técnica de recolha de dados.
Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 2000
We do two things in this paper. First, we put forward some elements of a microeconomic theory of ... more We do two things in this paper. First, we put forward some elements of a microeconomic theory of technological evolution. This involves adding nascent (essentially undiscovered) technologies to the existing technologies of neoclassical production theory, and, more importantly, expanding the notion of the production plan to include the recipe } the complete description of the underlying engineering process. Second, we use the recipes approach in constructing a simple microeconomic model of shop-#oor learning by doing. We simulate the dynamics of the model and report the e!ects of changes in the basic parameters on the resulting engineering experience curves. For correctly chosen values of these parameters, the predictions of the model match the observed experience curves.
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2000
Technological change at the rm-level has commonly beenmodeled as random sampling from a xed distr... more Technological change at the rm-level has commonly beenmodeled as random sampling from a xed distribution of possibilities. Such models, however, typically ignore empirically important aspects of the rm's search process, notably the observation that the present state of the rm guides future innovation. In this paper we explicitly treat this aspect of the rm's search for technological improvements by introducing a technology landscape" into an otherwise standard dynamic programming setting where the optimal strategy is to assign a reservation price to each possible technology. Search is modeled as movement, constrained by the cost of innovation, over the technology landscape. Simulations are presented on a stylized technology landscape while analytic results are derived using landscapes that are similar to Markov random elds. We nd that early in the search for technological improvements, if the initial position is pooror average, it is optimal to search far away on the technology landscape; but as the rm succeeds in nding technological improvements it is optimal to con ne search to a local region of the landscape.
Uploads
Papers by José M . V . Lobo
drawing, it has a square exterior shape that constitute an arrangement and order meant to be a light that illuminates the entrance of the harbour, so that it could be a guide for ships and boats to follow the right track to the Douro river shores, warning how dangerous the existing
cliff into the bar, called Felgueira, was. The lighthouse-chapel was built in 1527, under a design by the Italian Francesco de Carmona. It has three entries, contemporary of its foundation. The dome exhibits a purity of Renaissance architecture. It constitutes a single copy in Portugal and the oldest in Europe. It is an emblematic building due to the historical
features and also to the stone diseases associated to it.
The aim of this thesis deals with the application of techniques and diagnostic tests to determine the factors and the mechanisms responsible for the deterioration of the granite stones applied in the building, up to a height of 2.50 meters, both on the South and East
façades, and proceeds with an offer of assistance for the conservation of these façades up to the same height. A hard work of bibliographic research has been carried out to provide support for investigation regarding the knowledge of the strategies for the study of problems
existing in the rocks used in the construction of monuments and buildings. It was important to know the identity and the historical performance of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel, as well as aspects of geomorphology and climate in the framework of the monument within the geological context.
The recognition of the main deterioration processes was based on the study of the representative granite facies of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel. For this purpose a mapping of survey of the spoilage in lithology and of the most degraded areas was done, as
well as a mineralogical and geochemical study of the granite used in the construction by reference to various experimental techniques, including stereoscopic binocular microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and the Raman spectroscopy.
The results indicate that this monument was preferentially built with the two-mica granite of Oporto region. The increased air pollution associated with its function, the weathering processes, the climate, the monument location, the rise of mineral solutions of soluble salts
on the walls by capillarity and the absence of mortar in the joints of the eastern façade have contributed for the substantial increase in the rate of stone deterioration of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel in Foz do Douro.
dos sais solúveis principais responsáveis pela
maioria das deteriorações observadas no granito
utilizado em edifícios históricos da região do Porto
quando exposto a condições ambientais e
confirmaram a suscetibilidade do granito à
alteração, como consequência das suas
propriedades intrínsecas e da sua petrogénese.
Pelo seu valor patrimonial e pela multiplicidade
de técnicas aplicadas selecionaram-se três
monumentos construídos com o granito que
caracteriza o substrato da cidade do Porto, quer
na sua edificação original quer nas reabilitações
que se foram sobrepondo ao longo da sua
história: a Igreja de Santa Maria de Leça do
Mosteiro de Leça do Balio, o Farol de S. Miguelo-Anjo e a Reitoria da Universidade do Porto
(Lobo, 2008; Dias, 2016; Lopes, 2016; Moutinho e
Almeida, 2016).
quando exposta a condições ambientais tem vindo a ser alvo de diferentes abordagens que se combinam para um melhor
conhecimento dos fatores que estão na origem dos tipos de deterioração da pedra. Na presente síntese dar-se-á um destaque
particular à contribuição da geoquímica que, por um lado, permitiu a identificação dos sais solúveis principais responsáveis
pela maioria das deteriorações observadas e, por outro lado, confirmou a suscetibilidade do granito do Porto à alteração como
consequência das suas propriedades intrínsecas e da petrogénese. De entre os casos estudados até ao momento
selecionaram-se três exemplos ilustrativos pelo seu valor patrimonial e pela multiplicidade de técnicas aplicadas na
caracterização do granito e no diagnóstico das patologias: o Farol de S. Miguel-o-Anjo, a Igreja de Santa Maria de Leça do
Mosteiro de Leça do Balio e a Reitoria da Universidade do Porto. Tendo em consideração os três estudos recorreu-se no seu
conjunto à geoquímica de rocha total, geoquímica isotópica, microscopia eletrónica de varrimento com microanálise de raios X,
espectroscopia Raman e espectroscopia de infravermelhos com transformada de Fourier (FTIR)..
Palavras-chave: Porto, granito, deterioração, património, geoquímica.
The characterization of the products that are formed on the granite surface applied in historical buildings of Porto region due to
the exposure to environmental conditions has been the object of different approaches that are combined to better understand
the factors that lie in the origin of the stone deterioration types. The present synthesis particularly enhances the geochemistry
contribution both to the identification of the soluble salts responsible for the main deterioration types and to the assurance of the
Porto granite susceptibility to alteration as a consequence of its intrinsic properties and petrogenesis. Three illustrative
examples have been selected taking into account their historical heritage value and the variety of the approaches applied in the
granite characterization and in the deterioration diagnosis: the lighthouse of Saint Michael the Angel, the Saint Mary of Leça
church of the Leça do Balio Monastery and the Rectory building of Porto University. Considering the three global stone
deterioration studies the geochemical approaches comprised whole rock analysis, isotopic geochemistry, scanning electron
microscopy coupled with x ray microanalysis, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Keywords: Porto, granite, deterioration, heritage, geochemistry.
emerging issue of concern to the teachers. It is crucial to know the outlines of the
problem and define strategies to deal with it, thus contributing to an improvement
of pedagogical practice.
We considered as main objectives of this study: to learn about the
perspectives of teachers of the 2nd and 3rd cycle of basic, CEF and secondary
and professional education at a public school in Lousada about indiscipline, the
strategies they use to prevent or deal with situations of indiscipline, their
perception about the success of strategies used. Regarding the methodology
used in this research, we adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach, using
record as a technique for collecting data.
drawing, it has a square exterior shape that constitute an arrangement and order meant to be a light that illuminates the entrance of the harbour, so that it could be a guide for ships and boats to follow the right track to the Douro river shores, warning how dangerous the existing
cliff into the bar, called Felgueira, was. The lighthouse-chapel was built in 1527, under a design by the Italian Francesco de Carmona. It has three entries, contemporary of its foundation. The dome exhibits a purity of Renaissance architecture. It constitutes a single copy in Portugal and the oldest in Europe. It is an emblematic building due to the historical
features and also to the stone diseases associated to it.
The aim of this thesis deals with the application of techniques and diagnostic tests to determine the factors and the mechanisms responsible for the deterioration of the granite stones applied in the building, up to a height of 2.50 meters, both on the South and East
façades, and proceeds with an offer of assistance for the conservation of these façades up to the same height. A hard work of bibliographic research has been carried out to provide support for investigation regarding the knowledge of the strategies for the study of problems
existing in the rocks used in the construction of monuments and buildings. It was important to know the identity and the historical performance of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel, as well as aspects of geomorphology and climate in the framework of the monument within the geological context.
The recognition of the main deterioration processes was based on the study of the representative granite facies of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel. For this purpose a mapping of survey of the spoilage in lithology and of the most degraded areas was done, as
well as a mineralogical and geochemical study of the granite used in the construction by reference to various experimental techniques, including stereoscopic binocular microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and the Raman spectroscopy.
The results indicate that this monument was preferentially built with the two-mica granite of Oporto region. The increased air pollution associated with its function, the weathering processes, the climate, the monument location, the rise of mineral solutions of soluble salts
on the walls by capillarity and the absence of mortar in the joints of the eastern façade have contributed for the substantial increase in the rate of stone deterioration of the Lighthouse of St. Michael the Angel in Foz do Douro.
dos sais solúveis principais responsáveis pela
maioria das deteriorações observadas no granito
utilizado em edifícios históricos da região do Porto
quando exposto a condições ambientais e
confirmaram a suscetibilidade do granito à
alteração, como consequência das suas
propriedades intrínsecas e da sua petrogénese.
Pelo seu valor patrimonial e pela multiplicidade
de técnicas aplicadas selecionaram-se três
monumentos construídos com o granito que
caracteriza o substrato da cidade do Porto, quer
na sua edificação original quer nas reabilitações
que se foram sobrepondo ao longo da sua
história: a Igreja de Santa Maria de Leça do
Mosteiro de Leça do Balio, o Farol de S. Miguelo-Anjo e a Reitoria da Universidade do Porto
(Lobo, 2008; Dias, 2016; Lopes, 2016; Moutinho e
Almeida, 2016).
quando exposta a condições ambientais tem vindo a ser alvo de diferentes abordagens que se combinam para um melhor
conhecimento dos fatores que estão na origem dos tipos de deterioração da pedra. Na presente síntese dar-se-á um destaque
particular à contribuição da geoquímica que, por um lado, permitiu a identificação dos sais solúveis principais responsáveis
pela maioria das deteriorações observadas e, por outro lado, confirmou a suscetibilidade do granito do Porto à alteração como
consequência das suas propriedades intrínsecas e da petrogénese. De entre os casos estudados até ao momento
selecionaram-se três exemplos ilustrativos pelo seu valor patrimonial e pela multiplicidade de técnicas aplicadas na
caracterização do granito e no diagnóstico das patologias: o Farol de S. Miguel-o-Anjo, a Igreja de Santa Maria de Leça do
Mosteiro de Leça do Balio e a Reitoria da Universidade do Porto. Tendo em consideração os três estudos recorreu-se no seu
conjunto à geoquímica de rocha total, geoquímica isotópica, microscopia eletrónica de varrimento com microanálise de raios X,
espectroscopia Raman e espectroscopia de infravermelhos com transformada de Fourier (FTIR)..
Palavras-chave: Porto, granito, deterioração, património, geoquímica.
The characterization of the products that are formed on the granite surface applied in historical buildings of Porto region due to
the exposure to environmental conditions has been the object of different approaches that are combined to better understand
the factors that lie in the origin of the stone deterioration types. The present synthesis particularly enhances the geochemistry
contribution both to the identification of the soluble salts responsible for the main deterioration types and to the assurance of the
Porto granite susceptibility to alteration as a consequence of its intrinsic properties and petrogenesis. Three illustrative
examples have been selected taking into account their historical heritage value and the variety of the approaches applied in the
granite characterization and in the deterioration diagnosis: the lighthouse of Saint Michael the Angel, the Saint Mary of Leça
church of the Leça do Balio Monastery and the Rectory building of Porto University. Considering the three global stone
deterioration studies the geochemical approaches comprised whole rock analysis, isotopic geochemistry, scanning electron
microscopy coupled with x ray microanalysis, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Keywords: Porto, granite, deterioration, heritage, geochemistry.
emerging issue of concern to the teachers. It is crucial to know the outlines of the
problem and define strategies to deal with it, thus contributing to an improvement
of pedagogical practice.
We considered as main objectives of this study: to learn about the
perspectives of teachers of the 2nd and 3rd cycle of basic, CEF and secondary
and professional education at a public school in Lousada about indiscipline, the
strategies they use to prevent or deal with situations of indiscipline, their
perception about the success of strategies used. Regarding the methodology
used in this research, we adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach, using
record as a technique for collecting data.