Papers by Liyong Emmanuel Sama
The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound psychological impacts on populations globally, with incr... more The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound psychological impacts on populations globally, with increasing levels of stress, anxiety, and depression being reported, especially in people with preexisting medical conditions who appear to be particularly vulnerable. There are limited data on the specific concerns people have about and what these are based on. The aim of this study was to identify and explore the concerns of people with long-term respiratory conditions in the UK regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and how these concerns were affecting them. We conducted a thematic analysis of free text responses to the question "What are your main concerns about getting coronavirus?", which was included in the British Lung Foundation/Asthma UK (BLF-AUK) partnership COVID-19 survey, conducted between the 1 st and 8 th of April. This was during the 3 rd week of the UK's initial social distancing measures. 7,039 responses were analysed, with respondents from a wide range of ages, gender, and all UK nations. Respondents reported having asthma (85%), COPD (9%), bronchiectasis (4%), interstitial lung disease (2%), or 'other' lung diseases (e.g. lung cancer) (1%). Four main themes were identified: 1) vulnerability to COVID-19; 2) anticipated experience of contracting COVID-19; 3) wide-reaching uncertainty; and 4) inadequate national response. The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound psychological impacts. The concerns we identified largely reflect objective, as well as subjective, aspects of the current situation. Hence, key approaches to reducing these concerns require changes to the reality of their situation, and are likely to include i) helping people optimise their health, limit risk of infection, and access necessities; ii) minimising the negative experience of disease where possible, iii) providing up-to-date, accurate and consistent information, iv) improving the government and healthcare response.
A Report on findings on gaps in the laws and policies, practices and perceptions on Disaster Risk Reduction within the Bamenda City Council Area, Cameroon, 2021
This report looks at whether the law on Environmental Management in Cameroon, the law on rules ap... more This report looks at whether the law on Environmental Management in Cameroon, the law on rules applicable to Councils (for environmental actions), the relevant decrees of application, their implementation; and the Status of the Implementation of the Basel Convention within the Bamenda City Council Area, assures for Disaster Risk Reduction there. And if not, what is lacking; to be filled!
In a wildlife conservation career of some 34 years, which began in 1982, the last 22 of them have... more In a wildlife conservation career of some 34 years, which began in 1982, the last 22 of them have been more or less to ensure the survival of the two of the world’s four great ape species, gorilla and chimpanzee; this in various conservation approaches, especially law enforcement. As a soldier in the Salvation Army for Nature, I go about today with 4 bullets (pellets) of a poacher’s gun in my body!This stewardship which spans some four decades; as a civil servant, game ranger trainer consultant and currently as a social entrepreneur with CIRMAD in non-governmental conservation work.
This is the story of the role play of a wildlife law enforcement veteran and founding coordinator of a non-governmental outfit by which he continues a conservation career started in the civil service of his country, Cameroon.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In 2010, as part of the Sustainable Medicinal Wildlife Initiative, a study grou... more EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In 2010, as part of the Sustainable Medicinal Wildlife Initiative, a study group working with the Centre for Indigenous Resources Management and Development (CIRMAD) undertook the conservation project: Promotion of the sustainable use of indigenous wildlife resources as medicinal wildlife, in Cameroon’s North-West Region. This project aimed to promote the sustainable use of wildlife products in natural medicine in order to check population decline and species extinction, through subsequent conservation actions.
THE FIELD SURVEY COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT WAS CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY THE WILDLIFE SPECIES IN THE NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON USED IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND HOW THE USERS ACQUIRE THEM. THE MODEL USED FOR THE DATA COLLECTION WAS A QUESTIONNAIRE STYLE INTERVIEW. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY WERE AS FOLLOWS; TO ESTABLISH WHETHERMEDICINAL WILDLIFE PRODUCTS ARE USED IN NATURAL MEDICINE IN THE PROJECT SITE, TO FIND WHETHER THESE WILDLIFE PRODUCTS WERE GENERALLY ACQUIRED BY POACHING OR FROM THE ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE AND TO IDENTIFY HOW THE UNSUSTAINABLE USE OF SUCH WILDLIFE RESOURCES CONTRIBUTES TO THE DECLINE IN POPULATION OF LARGE MAMMALS IN THE NORTH WEST REGION. IT IS ENVISAGED THAT THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY WILL LAY THE FOUNDATIONS FOR FUTURE CONSERVATION ACTIONS, BEGINNING WITH THE CONSERVATION EDUCATION COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT.
The questionnaire was conducted in all seven administrative divisions of the North West Region. Data was collected from 58 respondents, who affirmed 54 wild animal species are used in natural medicine for the treatment or prevention of 56 health problems.
Of the 58 tradi-practitioners interviewed only one owned and used a hunting license to acquire some of his medicinal wildlife products while others affirmed they inherited some of the products. The rest acquired their products from generally illegal sources such as hunting either ordering from local hunters or buying from the secretive bushmeat markets. A few of those interviewed declined to give their sources. This is quite revealing of the illegal acquisition of the wildlife products over the years. Apart from those tradi-practitioners who obtained their products from outside the North West Region, which was not indicated by the interview process, most of the product used was illegally acquired. Therefore, the use of wild animal products in natural medicine contributes one way or another to the decreasing trend of wildlife populations in the study site. Of the 56 wildlife species indicated for medicinal use four are large mammal species which have already gone extinct in the North West Region. Of the surviving medicinal wildlife species identified, several are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
There is great need for education and training to ensure the sustainable use of these wildlife products and research for alternatives is imperative.
Thesis Chapters by Liyong Emmanuel Sama
From a personal perspective, Sustainable Development is development that improves human wellbeing... more From a personal perspective, Sustainable Development is development that improves human wellbeing while ensuring that the natural resource base is not destroyed in the process, so that the environment and the biodiversity can continue to support livelihoods, for the present and future generations.
Other definitions of Sustainable Development abound, some of which are:
“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
“To improve the quality of life while living within the carrying capacity of ecosystems.”
This paper looks at what Wildlife is, what Development is and how Wildlife relates to Development at the global scale. In question-answer form, it further looks at how the wildlife resources contribute to development, and conversely, how some aspects of development enhance wildlife conservation – and wildlife development. A key novelty of the paper is the Wildlife and Development Complementary Circle.
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Papers by Liyong Emmanuel Sama
This is the story of the role play of a wildlife law enforcement veteran and founding coordinator of a non-governmental outfit by which he continues a conservation career started in the civil service of his country, Cameroon.
In 2010, as part of the Sustainable Medicinal Wildlife Initiative, a study group working with the Centre for Indigenous Resources Management and Development (CIRMAD) undertook the conservation project: Promotion of the sustainable use of indigenous wildlife resources as medicinal wildlife, in Cameroon’s North-West Region. This project aimed to promote the sustainable use of wildlife products in natural medicine in order to check population decline and species extinction, through subsequent conservation actions.
THE FIELD SURVEY COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT WAS CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY THE WILDLIFE SPECIES IN THE NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON USED IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND HOW THE USERS ACQUIRE THEM. THE MODEL USED FOR THE DATA COLLECTION WAS A QUESTIONNAIRE STYLE INTERVIEW. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY WERE AS FOLLOWS; TO ESTABLISH WHETHERMEDICINAL WILDLIFE PRODUCTS ARE USED IN NATURAL MEDICINE IN THE PROJECT SITE, TO FIND WHETHER THESE WILDLIFE PRODUCTS WERE GENERALLY ACQUIRED BY POACHING OR FROM THE ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE AND TO IDENTIFY HOW THE UNSUSTAINABLE USE OF SUCH WILDLIFE RESOURCES CONTRIBUTES TO THE DECLINE IN POPULATION OF LARGE MAMMALS IN THE NORTH WEST REGION. IT IS ENVISAGED THAT THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY WILL LAY THE FOUNDATIONS FOR FUTURE CONSERVATION ACTIONS, BEGINNING WITH THE CONSERVATION EDUCATION COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT.
The questionnaire was conducted in all seven administrative divisions of the North West Region. Data was collected from 58 respondents, who affirmed 54 wild animal species are used in natural medicine for the treatment or prevention of 56 health problems.
Of the 58 tradi-practitioners interviewed only one owned and used a hunting license to acquire some of his medicinal wildlife products while others affirmed they inherited some of the products. The rest acquired their products from generally illegal sources such as hunting either ordering from local hunters or buying from the secretive bushmeat markets. A few of those interviewed declined to give their sources. This is quite revealing of the illegal acquisition of the wildlife products over the years. Apart from those tradi-practitioners who obtained their products from outside the North West Region, which was not indicated by the interview process, most of the product used was illegally acquired. Therefore, the use of wild animal products in natural medicine contributes one way or another to the decreasing trend of wildlife populations in the study site. Of the 56 wildlife species indicated for medicinal use four are large mammal species which have already gone extinct in the North West Region. Of the surviving medicinal wildlife species identified, several are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
There is great need for education and training to ensure the sustainable use of these wildlife products and research for alternatives is imperative.
Thesis Chapters by Liyong Emmanuel Sama
Other definitions of Sustainable Development abound, some of which are:
“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
“To improve the quality of life while living within the carrying capacity of ecosystems.”
This paper looks at what Wildlife is, what Development is and how Wildlife relates to Development at the global scale. In question-answer form, it further looks at how the wildlife resources contribute to development, and conversely, how some aspects of development enhance wildlife conservation – and wildlife development. A key novelty of the paper is the Wildlife and Development Complementary Circle.
This is the story of the role play of a wildlife law enforcement veteran and founding coordinator of a non-governmental outfit by which he continues a conservation career started in the civil service of his country, Cameroon.
In 2010, as part of the Sustainable Medicinal Wildlife Initiative, a study group working with the Centre for Indigenous Resources Management and Development (CIRMAD) undertook the conservation project: Promotion of the sustainable use of indigenous wildlife resources as medicinal wildlife, in Cameroon’s North-West Region. This project aimed to promote the sustainable use of wildlife products in natural medicine in order to check population decline and species extinction, through subsequent conservation actions.
THE FIELD SURVEY COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT WAS CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY THE WILDLIFE SPECIES IN THE NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON USED IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND HOW THE USERS ACQUIRE THEM. THE MODEL USED FOR THE DATA COLLECTION WAS A QUESTIONNAIRE STYLE INTERVIEW. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY WERE AS FOLLOWS; TO ESTABLISH WHETHERMEDICINAL WILDLIFE PRODUCTS ARE USED IN NATURAL MEDICINE IN THE PROJECT SITE, TO FIND WHETHER THESE WILDLIFE PRODUCTS WERE GENERALLY ACQUIRED BY POACHING OR FROM THE ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE AND TO IDENTIFY HOW THE UNSUSTAINABLE USE OF SUCH WILDLIFE RESOURCES CONTRIBUTES TO THE DECLINE IN POPULATION OF LARGE MAMMALS IN THE NORTH WEST REGION. IT IS ENVISAGED THAT THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY WILL LAY THE FOUNDATIONS FOR FUTURE CONSERVATION ACTIONS, BEGINNING WITH THE CONSERVATION EDUCATION COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT.
The questionnaire was conducted in all seven administrative divisions of the North West Region. Data was collected from 58 respondents, who affirmed 54 wild animal species are used in natural medicine for the treatment or prevention of 56 health problems.
Of the 58 tradi-practitioners interviewed only one owned and used a hunting license to acquire some of his medicinal wildlife products while others affirmed they inherited some of the products. The rest acquired their products from generally illegal sources such as hunting either ordering from local hunters or buying from the secretive bushmeat markets. A few of those interviewed declined to give their sources. This is quite revealing of the illegal acquisition of the wildlife products over the years. Apart from those tradi-practitioners who obtained their products from outside the North West Region, which was not indicated by the interview process, most of the product used was illegally acquired. Therefore, the use of wild animal products in natural medicine contributes one way or another to the decreasing trend of wildlife populations in the study site. Of the 56 wildlife species indicated for medicinal use four are large mammal species which have already gone extinct in the North West Region. Of the surviving medicinal wildlife species identified, several are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
There is great need for education and training to ensure the sustainable use of these wildlife products and research for alternatives is imperative.
Other definitions of Sustainable Development abound, some of which are:
“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
“To improve the quality of life while living within the carrying capacity of ecosystems.”
This paper looks at what Wildlife is, what Development is and how Wildlife relates to Development at the global scale. In question-answer form, it further looks at how the wildlife resources contribute to development, and conversely, how some aspects of development enhance wildlife conservation – and wildlife development. A key novelty of the paper is the Wildlife and Development Complementary Circle.