Journal for person-oriented research, Apr 22, 2016
The tenets of person-oriented research have been presented in 1997 (Bergman & Magnusson) and 2003... more The tenets of person-oriented research have been presented in 1997 (Bergman & Magnusson) and 2003 (von Eye & Bergman), and have been discussed widely since (e.g.,
Lühike ülevaade indiviidile suunatud käsitlusviisist 2 (person-oriented approach) koostati juhend... more Lühike ülevaade indiviidile suunatud käsitlusviisist 2 (person-oriented approach) koostati juhendmaterjaliks selle meetodi kasutamisest huvitatud uurijatele. Artiklis arutletakse meetodi teoreetiliste, metodoloogiliste ja praktiliste kaalutluste üle. Esiteks osutatakse mõningatele ajaloolistele juurtele. Sellele järgneb lühiülevaade holistlik-interaktsioonilisest uurimisparadigmast, mis moodustab indiviidikeskse käsitlusviisi üldise raami. Sellel käsitlusviisil on olemas nii teoreetiline kui ka metodoloogiline pool. Peale peamiste teoreetiliste tõekspidamiste tutvustatakse ka enam levinud indiviidikeskseid meetodeid. Indiviidile suunatud käsitlusviisi tuumaks on süsteemne vaade, mille kohaselt moodustavad süsteemi komponendid mustri, mida võiks pidada jagamatuks. Seda mustrit tuleks mõista ja uurida ühe tervikuna, mitte jagada tükkideks (variaabliteks/ muutujateks), et neid tükke seejärel eraldiseisvate ühikutena uurida. Seega kasutatakse selliseid metodoloogilisi vahendeid, mis võimaldavad analüüsida tervikut (nt klasteranalüüs). Samuti esitatakse empiiriline näide koolihinnete arengumustrite uurimise kohta.
The purpose of this study was to explore the role of social support for posttraumatic growth (PTG... more The purpose of this study was to explore the role of social support for posttraumatic growth (PTG) and identity processes in a sample of 217 women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), recruited from women shelters, social support centers, and through counseling psychologists. The results of the study highlight the important role of social support in seeking positive personal resolutions after experiencing traumatic events of IPV. It indicates that social support, but not social nonsupport, predicts higher levels of PTG and the development of new positive identities. In particular, social support was positively associated with the manifestation of all five identity processes, that is, with identification with commitment, commitment making, exploration in breadth, exploration in depth, and ruminative exploration. Furthermore, contextual and socioeconomic factors, such as time after last violence, relationships with the perpetrator, place of residence, education, and age of the ...
Journal for person-oriented research, Apr 22, 2016
A good model of developmental phenomena should not only "explain" the data in the sense that the ... more A good model of developmental phenomena should not only "explain" the data in the sense that the model is not falsified by the data but it should also be built on the basic theoretical assumptions about the process under study. This is often not the case when standard statistical models are applied to developmental data. An alternative is then to apply nonlinear dynamical system modeling. This approach is followed in the article and it is illustrated by a provisional model of the development of boys' problem behavior between the ages 10 and 13. The underlying interactionistic theory of development was mirrored in a nonlinear model that predicted outcomes marginally better than a standard regression model. It is pointed out in the article that it might be possible to use nonlinear dynamic system modeling also in contexts where data are available only from a few measurement occasions.
International Journal of Developmental Science, 2012
Developmental science (DS) is defined somewhat differently by different researchers. In the prese... more Developmental science (DS) is defined somewhat differently by different researchers. In the present essay DS is defined as (1) it concerns understanding individual development, partly in contrast to group development, (2) DS is cross-disciplinary, and (3) the individual is regarded as a “functioning whole”, engaged in a developmental process in context, characterized by interactions. Empirical research carried out within a DS framework must pay attention to many issues such as: (1) The translation of a specific DS theory into informative hypotheses. (2) The integration of DS findings with the research literature. (3) Making the findings interpretable as addressing individual development. Finally, it was pointed out that to maximally advance DS research a shared general theoretical framework and set of central concepts are necessary.
Translation of own norms and perception of parents' and friends' values into actual behav... more Translation of own norms and perception of parents' and friends' values into actual behaviour were studied in the context of the theory of reasoned action. A LISREL model based on this theory was c ...
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
Presents a pattern approach to the study of adjustment problems (APs) in 519 15-yr-old Swedish gi... more Presents a pattern approach to the study of adjustment problems (APs) in 519 15-yr-old Swedish girls, using data from a longitudinal research program (D. Magnusson, 1988). This approach is based on a personal, interactional view of the adaptation process. Ss' profiles, from 5 self-reported AP indicators, were analyzed within a cluster analytic framework using the RESIDAN rationale, with focus on outliers and the importance of identifying a residue. 12 clusters were identified: one with no problems, 5 single- and 6 2- or multi-problem clusters. Relations between the clusters and some concomitant factors were also studied. Psychosomatic problems were found in the problem pattern for almost every S with severe APs. Early menarche and much absenteeism from school was connected to multi-problem patterns, while earlier APs and family background were only weakly related to self-reported APs. Features of the pattern approach are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rig...
International Journal of Developmental Science, 2015
Molenaar's (2015) article concerns Developmental Systems Theory (DST) in relation to behavior gen... more Molenaar's (2015) article concerns Developmental Systems Theory (DST) in relation to behavior genetics and he presents implications of DST for empirical research, especially the need for subject-specific studies. In this commentary, the article is discussed from a broader developmental science perspective, particularly regarded through the lens of the person-oriented approach. It is pointed out that a pattern perspective is given little attention, although it is central to many modern theoretical frameworks in developmental science. The quest for models that match DST theoretical conceptualizations is also discussed, for instance the basic endeavor to find a universal model and the need to clarify what constitutes good model fit. A Developmental Science Perspective Basic concepts and theoretical frameworks for a modern developmental science have been formulated by
This article provides a summary and treatment of the wider implications of the findings reported ... more This article provides a summary and treatment of the wider implications of the findings reported in four empirical articles, in which the importance for outcomes in midlife of having a high IQ was studied. All studies were based on data from the Swedish longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (N = 1,326, born 1955). Some highlights from the studies include the identification of a nonlinear relationship between IQ and a number of adult outcomes, suggesting that nonlinear IQ-outcome relationships might not be rare. In common with numerous studies of IQ-outcome relationships, parents’ socioeconomic status was found to be a moderately strong predictor of vocational outcomes when the whole sample was studied. However, within the high-IQ group no significant relationship existed. In adolescence, the adjustment for those of high IQ was often better than for those of average IQ, but in midlife this positive difference often disappeared and was in some cases reversed. Intellectually talented women as compared to intellectually talented men often had considerably less successful careers, especially vocational careers. Underachieving women as compared to women who did not underachieve also tended to have more adjustment problems in midlife. It was concluded that schools and their personnel must be adequately supported to “make good on” society’s obligation to further the potential of students that show early intellectual talent. Given past and current inequalities of opportunity, this seems especially important for bright girls and women.
Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Developmental Science and the Holistic Ap... more Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach This book is the outcome of a symposium where leading researchers, mainly in developmental psychology, came together to discuss the implications of the emerging developmental science and the holistic approach. In doing this, the authors wanted to honor a distinguished colleague, David Magnusson, and his career-long contributions to this field. The purpose of the book is to discuss the profound implications for developmental science of the holistic paradigm, especially with regard to the individual development within psychology. Against the background of their own empirical, theoretical, or methodological research, the authors have tried to identify what is needed for the developmental theory and methods within this paradigm and discuss possibilities and limitations in relation to conventional approaches. Download Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach ...pdf Read Online Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach ...pdf Download and Read Online Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach #OJ46DF80KGY Read Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach for online ebook Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach Free PDF d0wnl0ad, audio books, books to read, good books to read, cheap books, good books, online books, books online, book reviews epub, read books online, books to read online, online library, greatbooks to read, PDF best books to read, top books to read Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach books to read online.
Abstract Sex differences in intellectual development between the ages 10 and 13 were studied for ... more Abstract Sex differences in intellectual development between the ages 10 and 13 were studied for a normal group (n = 855) of boys and girls, and for groups subjected to changes in the home (n = 31) or school (n = 39) situation during the interval. As compared to a normal group, a significant impairment of the scores on tests of Inductive ability, Spatial ability, and Achievement in mathematics was found for boys who lost a parent during the interval. No significant impairment was found for girls or for groups that were subjected to changes in the school situation. Methodological problems in studying sex differences in intellectual development were also discussed, and a method using within-sex comparisons was suggested.
Longisectional interaction structure analysis (LISA) is a method for evaluating multivariate obse... more Longisectional interaction structure analysis (LISA) is a method for evaluating multivariate observations in a sample of individuals (patients) at two or more than two subsequent times (stages). It combines cross-sectional configural frequency analysis (CFA) for defining interactions between variables at a given stage with longitudinal interaction structure analysis (ISA) in relating variables observed at two subsequent stages, nonparametrically. The interactions are identified locally as types rather than globally as contingencies, where types are defined as (cross-sectional or longitudinal) patterns occurring in more individuals than expected under H0 of no (cross-sectional or longitudinal) interaction. LISA is applied to data sets from a clinical follow-up study and from a longitudinal study within developmental psychology. It is shown to be a useful technique for the interpretation of such data.
Bergman discusses measurement and data quality in longitudinal and he points out that although is... more Bergman discusses measurement and data quality in longitudinal and he points out that although issues of statistical analysis are important in longitudinal projects, issues of data quality are even more so and should be given top priority. Further, the importance of careful documentation and archiving of data cannot be overemphasized. A not uncommon methodological problem in longitudinal research is "fading relevance" of the original theories over time, which may be solved if the raw data have been carefully stored and may form the basis for creating new variables relevant to current theory.
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the importance of task persistence in yo... more The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the importance of task persistence in young adolescence for successful educational and occupational attainment in middle adulthood. Data from age 13 (N = 1,092) and adult age (age 43 for women, N = 569 and age 47 for men, N = 393) were taken from the Swedish longitudinal research program entitled "Individual Development and Adaptation." In line with previous research, task persistence was found to be related to changes in grades between age 13 and age 16, over and above other childhood factors. Task persistence at age 13 was also a significant predictor of both income and occupational level in middle adulthood for the men, controlling for a number of childhood factors (including intelligence), and even when educational attainment in adulthood was taken into account. Finally, task persistence was related to educational attainment in adulthood. The authors suggest that task persistence is a second fundamental factor besides general mental ability, influencing attainment within the area of working life and education. The influence of task persistence is discussed in form of personality-environment selection mechanisms.
The differences in crime scene actions in cases of stranger rape committed by convicted offenders... more The differences in crime scene actions in cases of stranger rape committed by convicted offenders were examined between 31 single‐victim rapists and 35 serial rapists. Data were collected from police files, court verdicts, psychiatric evaluations, and criminal records. Findings indicate that the serial rapists were more criminally sophisticated than the single‐victim rapists, during their first and second rapes. The single‐victim rapists were significantly more likely to engage in the interpersonal involvement behavior of kissing the victim, and to engage in pre‐assault alcohol use, than the serial rapists. There was, however, no significant difference in physically violent or sexual behaviors. To investigate the possibility of predicting rapist type, logistic regression analyses were performed. Results indicate that three behaviors in conjunction, kissed victim, controlled victim, and offender drank alcohol before the offense, predicted whether an unknown offender is a single‐victi...
... The individual as a focus in developmental research. New York: Sage. Bergman. LR. & E... more ... The individual as a focus in developmental research. New York: Sage. Bergman. LR. & El-Khouri,BM (1995). SLEIPNER. A computer package for person oriented analyses of developmental data. Version I. Manual. Stockholm: Department of Psychology, Stockholm University. ...
Journal for person-oriented research, Apr 22, 2016
The tenets of person-oriented research have been presented in 1997 (Bergman & Magnusson) and 2003... more The tenets of person-oriented research have been presented in 1997 (Bergman & Magnusson) and 2003 (von Eye & Bergman), and have been discussed widely since (e.g.,
Lühike ülevaade indiviidile suunatud käsitlusviisist 2 (person-oriented approach) koostati juhend... more Lühike ülevaade indiviidile suunatud käsitlusviisist 2 (person-oriented approach) koostati juhendmaterjaliks selle meetodi kasutamisest huvitatud uurijatele. Artiklis arutletakse meetodi teoreetiliste, metodoloogiliste ja praktiliste kaalutluste üle. Esiteks osutatakse mõningatele ajaloolistele juurtele. Sellele järgneb lühiülevaade holistlik-interaktsioonilisest uurimisparadigmast, mis moodustab indiviidikeskse käsitlusviisi üldise raami. Sellel käsitlusviisil on olemas nii teoreetiline kui ka metodoloogiline pool. Peale peamiste teoreetiliste tõekspidamiste tutvustatakse ka enam levinud indiviidikeskseid meetodeid. Indiviidile suunatud käsitlusviisi tuumaks on süsteemne vaade, mille kohaselt moodustavad süsteemi komponendid mustri, mida võiks pidada jagamatuks. Seda mustrit tuleks mõista ja uurida ühe tervikuna, mitte jagada tükkideks (variaabliteks/ muutujateks), et neid tükke seejärel eraldiseisvate ühikutena uurida. Seega kasutatakse selliseid metodoloogilisi vahendeid, mis võimaldavad analüüsida tervikut (nt klasteranalüüs). Samuti esitatakse empiiriline näide koolihinnete arengumustrite uurimise kohta.
The purpose of this study was to explore the role of social support for posttraumatic growth (PTG... more The purpose of this study was to explore the role of social support for posttraumatic growth (PTG) and identity processes in a sample of 217 women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), recruited from women shelters, social support centers, and through counseling psychologists. The results of the study highlight the important role of social support in seeking positive personal resolutions after experiencing traumatic events of IPV. It indicates that social support, but not social nonsupport, predicts higher levels of PTG and the development of new positive identities. In particular, social support was positively associated with the manifestation of all five identity processes, that is, with identification with commitment, commitment making, exploration in breadth, exploration in depth, and ruminative exploration. Furthermore, contextual and socioeconomic factors, such as time after last violence, relationships with the perpetrator, place of residence, education, and age of the ...
Journal for person-oriented research, Apr 22, 2016
A good model of developmental phenomena should not only "explain" the data in the sense that the ... more A good model of developmental phenomena should not only "explain" the data in the sense that the model is not falsified by the data but it should also be built on the basic theoretical assumptions about the process under study. This is often not the case when standard statistical models are applied to developmental data. An alternative is then to apply nonlinear dynamical system modeling. This approach is followed in the article and it is illustrated by a provisional model of the development of boys' problem behavior between the ages 10 and 13. The underlying interactionistic theory of development was mirrored in a nonlinear model that predicted outcomes marginally better than a standard regression model. It is pointed out in the article that it might be possible to use nonlinear dynamic system modeling also in contexts where data are available only from a few measurement occasions.
International Journal of Developmental Science, 2012
Developmental science (DS) is defined somewhat differently by different researchers. In the prese... more Developmental science (DS) is defined somewhat differently by different researchers. In the present essay DS is defined as (1) it concerns understanding individual development, partly in contrast to group development, (2) DS is cross-disciplinary, and (3) the individual is regarded as a “functioning whole”, engaged in a developmental process in context, characterized by interactions. Empirical research carried out within a DS framework must pay attention to many issues such as: (1) The translation of a specific DS theory into informative hypotheses. (2) The integration of DS findings with the research literature. (3) Making the findings interpretable as addressing individual development. Finally, it was pointed out that to maximally advance DS research a shared general theoretical framework and set of central concepts are necessary.
Translation of own norms and perception of parents' and friends' values into actual behav... more Translation of own norms and perception of parents' and friends' values into actual behaviour were studied in the context of the theory of reasoned action. A LISREL model based on this theory was c ...
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
Presents a pattern approach to the study of adjustment problems (APs) in 519 15-yr-old Swedish gi... more Presents a pattern approach to the study of adjustment problems (APs) in 519 15-yr-old Swedish girls, using data from a longitudinal research program (D. Magnusson, 1988). This approach is based on a personal, interactional view of the adaptation process. Ss' profiles, from 5 self-reported AP indicators, were analyzed within a cluster analytic framework using the RESIDAN rationale, with focus on outliers and the importance of identifying a residue. 12 clusters were identified: one with no problems, 5 single- and 6 2- or multi-problem clusters. Relations between the clusters and some concomitant factors were also studied. Psychosomatic problems were found in the problem pattern for almost every S with severe APs. Early menarche and much absenteeism from school was connected to multi-problem patterns, while earlier APs and family background were only weakly related to self-reported APs. Features of the pattern approach are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rig...
International Journal of Developmental Science, 2015
Molenaar's (2015) article concerns Developmental Systems Theory (DST) in relation to behavior gen... more Molenaar's (2015) article concerns Developmental Systems Theory (DST) in relation to behavior genetics and he presents implications of DST for empirical research, especially the need for subject-specific studies. In this commentary, the article is discussed from a broader developmental science perspective, particularly regarded through the lens of the person-oriented approach. It is pointed out that a pattern perspective is given little attention, although it is central to many modern theoretical frameworks in developmental science. The quest for models that match DST theoretical conceptualizations is also discussed, for instance the basic endeavor to find a universal model and the need to clarify what constitutes good model fit. A Developmental Science Perspective Basic concepts and theoretical frameworks for a modern developmental science have been formulated by
This article provides a summary and treatment of the wider implications of the findings reported ... more This article provides a summary and treatment of the wider implications of the findings reported in four empirical articles, in which the importance for outcomes in midlife of having a high IQ was studied. All studies were based on data from the Swedish longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (N = 1,326, born 1955). Some highlights from the studies include the identification of a nonlinear relationship between IQ and a number of adult outcomes, suggesting that nonlinear IQ-outcome relationships might not be rare. In common with numerous studies of IQ-outcome relationships, parents’ socioeconomic status was found to be a moderately strong predictor of vocational outcomes when the whole sample was studied. However, within the high-IQ group no significant relationship existed. In adolescence, the adjustment for those of high IQ was often better than for those of average IQ, but in midlife this positive difference often disappeared and was in some cases reversed. Intellectually talented women as compared to intellectually talented men often had considerably less successful careers, especially vocational careers. Underachieving women as compared to women who did not underachieve also tended to have more adjustment problems in midlife. It was concluded that schools and their personnel must be adequately supported to “make good on” society’s obligation to further the potential of students that show early intellectual talent. Given past and current inequalities of opportunity, this seems especially important for bright girls and women.
Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Developmental Science and the Holistic Ap... more Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach This book is the outcome of a symposium where leading researchers, mainly in developmental psychology, came together to discuss the implications of the emerging developmental science and the holistic approach. In doing this, the authors wanted to honor a distinguished colleague, David Magnusson, and his career-long contributions to this field. The purpose of the book is to discuss the profound implications for developmental science of the holistic paradigm, especially with regard to the individual development within psychology. Against the background of their own empirical, theoretical, or methodological research, the authors have tried to identify what is needed for the developmental theory and methods within this paradigm and discuss possibilities and limitations in relation to conventional approaches. Download Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach ...pdf Read Online Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach ...pdf Download and Read Online Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach #OJ46DF80KGY Read Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach for online ebook Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach Free PDF d0wnl0ad, audio books, books to read, good books to read, cheap books, good books, online books, books online, book reviews epub, read books online, books to read online, online library, greatbooks to read, PDF best books to read, top books to read Developmental Science and the Holistic Approach books to read online.
Abstract Sex differences in intellectual development between the ages 10 and 13 were studied for ... more Abstract Sex differences in intellectual development between the ages 10 and 13 were studied for a normal group (n = 855) of boys and girls, and for groups subjected to changes in the home (n = 31) or school (n = 39) situation during the interval. As compared to a normal group, a significant impairment of the scores on tests of Inductive ability, Spatial ability, and Achievement in mathematics was found for boys who lost a parent during the interval. No significant impairment was found for girls or for groups that were subjected to changes in the school situation. Methodological problems in studying sex differences in intellectual development were also discussed, and a method using within-sex comparisons was suggested.
Longisectional interaction structure analysis (LISA) is a method for evaluating multivariate obse... more Longisectional interaction structure analysis (LISA) is a method for evaluating multivariate observations in a sample of individuals (patients) at two or more than two subsequent times (stages). It combines cross-sectional configural frequency analysis (CFA) for defining interactions between variables at a given stage with longitudinal interaction structure analysis (ISA) in relating variables observed at two subsequent stages, nonparametrically. The interactions are identified locally as types rather than globally as contingencies, where types are defined as (cross-sectional or longitudinal) patterns occurring in more individuals than expected under H0 of no (cross-sectional or longitudinal) interaction. LISA is applied to data sets from a clinical follow-up study and from a longitudinal study within developmental psychology. It is shown to be a useful technique for the interpretation of such data.
Bergman discusses measurement and data quality in longitudinal and he points out that although is... more Bergman discusses measurement and data quality in longitudinal and he points out that although issues of statistical analysis are important in longitudinal projects, issues of data quality are even more so and should be given top priority. Further, the importance of careful documentation and archiving of data cannot be overemphasized. A not uncommon methodological problem in longitudinal research is "fading relevance" of the original theories over time, which may be solved if the raw data have been carefully stored and may form the basis for creating new variables relevant to current theory.
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the importance of task persistence in yo... more The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the importance of task persistence in young adolescence for successful educational and occupational attainment in middle adulthood. Data from age 13 (N = 1,092) and adult age (age 43 for women, N = 569 and age 47 for men, N = 393) were taken from the Swedish longitudinal research program entitled "Individual Development and Adaptation." In line with previous research, task persistence was found to be related to changes in grades between age 13 and age 16, over and above other childhood factors. Task persistence at age 13 was also a significant predictor of both income and occupational level in middle adulthood for the men, controlling for a number of childhood factors (including intelligence), and even when educational attainment in adulthood was taken into account. Finally, task persistence was related to educational attainment in adulthood. The authors suggest that task persistence is a second fundamental factor besides general mental ability, influencing attainment within the area of working life and education. The influence of task persistence is discussed in form of personality-environment selection mechanisms.
The differences in crime scene actions in cases of stranger rape committed by convicted offenders... more The differences in crime scene actions in cases of stranger rape committed by convicted offenders were examined between 31 single‐victim rapists and 35 serial rapists. Data were collected from police files, court verdicts, psychiatric evaluations, and criminal records. Findings indicate that the serial rapists were more criminally sophisticated than the single‐victim rapists, during their first and second rapes. The single‐victim rapists were significantly more likely to engage in the interpersonal involvement behavior of kissing the victim, and to engage in pre‐assault alcohol use, than the serial rapists. There was, however, no significant difference in physically violent or sexual behaviors. To investigate the possibility of predicting rapist type, logistic regression analyses were performed. Results indicate that three behaviors in conjunction, kissed victim, controlled victim, and offender drank alcohol before the offense, predicted whether an unknown offender is a single‐victi...
... The individual as a focus in developmental research. New York: Sage. Bergman. LR. & E... more ... The individual as a focus in developmental research. New York: Sage. Bergman. LR. & El-Khouri,BM (1995). SLEIPNER. A computer package for person oriented analyses of developmental data. Version I. Manual. Stockholm: Department of Psychology, Stockholm University. ...
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