Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Analysis of the Bidi Tobacco Growing Areas of India
Current World Environment
The monsoon extremities, such as heavy rainfall, drought, and cyclones are becoming frequent acro... more The monsoon extremities, such as heavy rainfall, drought, and cyclones are becoming frequent across India and causing substantial damage to commercial crops. To predict/identify the trend in rainfall of Bidi tobacco growing areas were studied for variability, trend, and detection of any change in monthly rainfall over the years (1990-2020) using Mann-Kendall trend analysis and Sen’s slope tests. Monthly rainfall in three unique Bidi production zones has shown distinct trends. A positive trend was observed in March, April, August, September, November, and December while negative trends were in June and July months in Gujarat. During the crop growth period, the trend is positive except in October, the magnitude of change was negligible. However, supplemental irrigation is to be planned during water deficit periods of the nursery (June and July) and critical crop growth periods. In Karnataka, a positive trend from February to October was observed while a negative trend during November,...
New advances in information technology led to the development of Expert Systems and their applica... more New advances in information technology led to the development of Expert Systems and their application in various sectors including farming. In India, agricultural production has been transformed into a multifaceted business enterprise. Indian agriculture to remain competitive needs the accumulation and integration of scientific knowledge, and information from many diverse sources. Indian farmer often relies on agricultural specialists, advisors and agricultural research and development institutes for agricultural information for better decision making at the actual farm situation. Unfortunately, timely specialist assistance is not available when the farmer needs. Thus the situation demand for a ‘virtual expert’ who can give personalized expert advice to a large community of farmers, specific to their needs and aspirations considering various knowledge sources. The role of expert systems in tobacco sector and its applications in effective production and protection technologies have ...
Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen, 2006
Water quality management is a key factor in intensive fish culture. Higher stocking densities, in... more Water quality management is a key factor in intensive fish culture. Higher stocking densities, intensive feeding and released metabolites may cause rapid deterioration of water quality (MILSTEIN 1990). Secondary reservoirs are mostly used to regulate and store water for irrigation to be used under unfavourable conditions ofwater availability. Water exchange due to irrigation water routing through such reservoirs provides an opportunity for maintaining a water quality regime at optimum level for intensive fish production. However, for groundwater-fed systems, some aeration mechanism is necessary to replenish dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in the pond water during water exchange (Bovo 1998). Hence, the two distinct uses of the secondary reservoir (irrigation regulation and fish culture) need to be balanced to accrue optimum benefits from each use. The concept o f fish pond-cum-secondary reservoir (Fig. l)
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2022
The objective of the study is to develop simple, inexpensive, and less hazardous extractant for s... more The objective of the study is to develop simple, inexpensive, and less hazardous extractant for simultaneous extraction of nicotine, reducing sugars, and chlorides in tobacco cured leaf. The currently used reference extractant for nicotine, reducing sugars, and chlorides comprises 20% aqueous methanol+5% acetic acid+2 cc charcoal in 15:4:1 ratio. As the methanol, a major component of this reference extractant, is hazardous and expensive, we proposed and evaluated a simple extractant involving 10%acetic acid for assaying nicotine, reducing sugars, and chlorides in comparison to reference extractant. The sample data (n = 30) sets of both the extractants [proposed (x) and reference (y)] were subjected to Passing &Bablok’s regression analyses. The regression models so obtained for reducing sugars (y = 0.594 + 1.021x), nicotine (y = 0.044 + 0.8877x), and chlorides (y = 0.057 + 1.131x) were validated by CUSUM test for linearity. The test indicated that there was no significant deviation from linearity for nicotine, reducing sugars, and chlorides. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ) with P < .0001at 95% confidence interval also showed high correlation between the proposed and the reference extractants for Nicotine (0.993), reducing sugars (0.982), and chlorides (0.972). Analyses of the data sets by Youden plot method showed congregation of data points near to diagonal reference line and a few wild points. This type of data points distribution indicates the high degree of comparability between the proposed and the reference extractants for nicotine, reducing sugars, and chlorides in tobacco cured leaf. The estimated cost of extraction was less with the proposed extractant. It is suggested that the proposed extractant (10%acetic acid + 4 cc activated charcoal suspension) being simple and less expensive be used as an alternative to the hazardous methanol-based extractant.
On-farm tillage trials for rice-wheat cropping system in Indo-Gangetic plains of Eastern India
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 , Rome / CNR - Consi... more Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 , Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal
Potassium supply strategy for enhancing productivity and nutrient use efficiency in FCV tobacco grown in northern light soils of Andhra Pradesh: Potassium supply strategy for in FCV tobacco grown in light soils
Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco, an important high value commercial crop in India, is preferent... more Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco, an important high value commercial crop in India, is preferentially grown on light textured soils for better quality and exports. However, light textured soils are characterized with low potassium (K) reserves, poor K retention and high vulnerability to K leaching. Of all the essential nutrients, K is taken up in largest amount by tobacco grown in irrigated Northern Light Soils (NLS) region of Andhra Pradesh. The large requirement coupled with low efficiency of applied K calls for evolving a K supply strategy that ensures optimum K nutrition of the crop and enhances K use efficiency. Against this backdrop, a field investigation was carried out for two consecutive Rabi seasons at ICAR - CTRI Research Station, Jeelugumilli, Andhra Pradesh to evaluate potassium supply strategies for their effects on productivity and nutrient use efficiency of irrigated FCV tobacco on a sandy loam soil (Alfisol). The experiment comprising eight K supply strategies vary...
Economic Evaluation of Lined Farm Pond for Supplemental Irrigation to FCV Tobacco in Southern Andhra Pradesh
The study was conducted to know the response of flue cured Virginia tobacco to one supplemental i... more The study was conducted to know the response of flue cured Virginia tobacco to one supplemental irrigation using rainwater harvested in lined farm pond having a capacity of 640 m3 and donor area of 2.0 ha. Cured leaf yield of FCV tobacco improved between 20 and 31% during the period of 6 years (2003–04 to 2008–09). An additional average net income of 10,565/ha was accrued from improvement in leaf yield with one supplemental irrigation over control (no irrigation). Discounted cash flow model was employed for measuring the present worth of the pond. Between the two irrigation methods followed for recycling water from the pond, the sprinkler method of irrigation (at 25 mm depth of water) fared better than furrow method (at 40 mm depth of water). Sprinkler method registered higher net present values (NPVs): 40,044, 1,62,862 and 3,51,285; higher benefit-cost ratios (BCRs): 1.30, 1.93 and 2.47; and internal rate of return (IRRs): 24, 29 and 30% at 10, 20 and 40 years of expected lifespan ...
residue from plantation and mill sites. This biomass residue can be classi-fied into six types: o... more residue from plantation and mill sites. This biomass residue can be classi-fied into six types: oil palm fronds (OF) and oil palm trunks (OT) produced at plantation site, oil palm empty fruit bunches (OEFB), palm kernel shells (PKS), mesocarp fibre (MF) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced at mill sites. Since the large amount of biomass residue is generated ammually, Andhra Pradesh has the potential to utilize the biomass residue efficiently and effectively to other valued products. In this study, oil palm biomass waste viz., OF, OT and OEFB were used as a feedstock to prepare biochar using convetional pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis temperature and time are known to have profound influence on biochar yield. The optimum parameters of pyrolysis for preparation of biochar from the oil palm biomass waste are not known. In order to standardize the methodology of biochar production, they were subjected to different temperatures and holding time. The optimized conditions for complete ...
and Qatar-1b are transiting Hot Jupiters for which previous works have suggested the presence of ... more and Qatar-1b are transiting Hot Jupiters for which previous works have suggested the presence of transit timing variations (TTVs) indicative of additional bodies in these systems-an Earth-mass planet in WASP-12 and a brown-dwarf mass object in Qatar-1. Here, we present 23 new WASP-12b and 18 new Qatar-1b complete (or nearly complete) transit observations. We perform global system fits to all of our lights curves for each system, plus RV and stellar spectroscopic parameters from the literature. The global fits provide refined system parameters and uncertainties for each system, including precise transit center times for each transit. The transit model residuals of the combined and five minute binned light curves have a RMS of 183 and 255 parts per million (ppm) for WASP-12b and Qatar-1b, respectively. Most WASP-12b system parameter values from this work are consistent with values from previous studies, but have ∼ 40 -50% smaller uncertainties. Most of the Qatar-1b system parameter values and uncertainties from this work are consistent with values recently reported in the literature. We find no convincing evidence for sinusoidal TTVs with a semi-amplitude of more than ∼ 35 s and ∼ 25 s in the WASP-12b and Qatar-1b systems, respectively.
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of new sucker control chemicals on c... more A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of new sucker control chemicals on cv. Hema for three seasons (2007-08 to 2009-10) at CTRI Research Station, Kandukur with 13 treatments in RBD design with three replications New chemicals prime + (Flumetralin) and stomp (Pendimethalin) were tried at 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.5% along with suckerout 4%, deconal 4% which are presently recommended sucker control chemical along with hand suckering, no suckering and no topping. Stomp or Prime+ @1.5% are found effective for sucker control under southeren light soil (SLS) conditions. Highest green leaf, bright leaf, cured leaf and grade index were observed with stomp 1.5% closely followed by prime+1.5% and hand suckering. Mean improvement in yields due to these treatments was 13.8% in cured leaf, 11.4% in grade index over no topping-control. Topping-without suckering treatment reduced the yields by 8.2% in cured leaf, 10.3% in bright leaf. Bulk trial with promising treatments showe...
Spatial and Temporal Rainfall Analysis of the Bidi Tobacco Growing Areas of India
Current World Environment
The monsoon extremities, such as heavy rainfall, drought, and cyclones are becoming frequent acro... more The monsoon extremities, such as heavy rainfall, drought, and cyclones are becoming frequent across India and causing substantial damage to commercial crops. To predict/identify the trend in rainfall of Bidi tobacco growing areas were studied for variability, trend, and detection of any change in monthly rainfall over the years (1990-2020) using Mann-Kendall trend analysis and Sen’s slope tests. Monthly rainfall in three unique Bidi production zones has shown distinct trends. A positive trend was observed in March, April, August, September, November, and December while negative trends were in June and July months in Gujarat. During the crop growth period, the trend is positive except in October, the magnitude of change was negligible. However, supplemental irrigation is to be planned during water deficit periods of the nursery (June and July) and critical crop growth periods. In Karnataka, a positive trend from February to October was observed while a negative trend during November,...
New advances in information technology led to the development of Expert Systems and their applica... more New advances in information technology led to the development of Expert Systems and their application in various sectors including farming. In India, agricultural production has been transformed into a multifaceted business enterprise. Indian agriculture to remain competitive needs the accumulation and integration of scientific knowledge, and information from many diverse sources. Indian farmer often relies on agricultural specialists, advisors and agricultural research and development institutes for agricultural information for better decision making at the actual farm situation. Unfortunately, timely specialist assistance is not available when the farmer needs. Thus the situation demand for a ‘virtual expert’ who can give personalized expert advice to a large community of farmers, specific to their needs and aspirations considering various knowledge sources. The role of expert systems in tobacco sector and its applications in effective production and protection technologies have ...
Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen, 2006
Water quality management is a key factor in intensive fish culture. Higher stocking densities, in... more Water quality management is a key factor in intensive fish culture. Higher stocking densities, intensive feeding and released metabolites may cause rapid deterioration of water quality (MILSTEIN 1990). Secondary reservoirs are mostly used to regulate and store water for irrigation to be used under unfavourable conditions ofwater availability. Water exchange due to irrigation water routing through such reservoirs provides an opportunity for maintaining a water quality regime at optimum level for intensive fish production. However, for groundwater-fed systems, some aeration mechanism is necessary to replenish dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in the pond water during water exchange (Bovo 1998). Hence, the two distinct uses of the secondary reservoir (irrigation regulation and fish culture) need to be balanced to accrue optimum benefits from each use. The concept o f fish pond-cum-secondary reservoir (Fig. l)
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2022
The objective of the study is to develop simple, inexpensive, and less hazardous extractant for s... more The objective of the study is to develop simple, inexpensive, and less hazardous extractant for simultaneous extraction of nicotine, reducing sugars, and chlorides in tobacco cured leaf. The currently used reference extractant for nicotine, reducing sugars, and chlorides comprises 20% aqueous methanol+5% acetic acid+2 cc charcoal in 15:4:1 ratio. As the methanol, a major component of this reference extractant, is hazardous and expensive, we proposed and evaluated a simple extractant involving 10%acetic acid for assaying nicotine, reducing sugars, and chlorides in comparison to reference extractant. The sample data (n = 30) sets of both the extractants [proposed (x) and reference (y)] were subjected to Passing &Bablok’s regression analyses. The regression models so obtained for reducing sugars (y = 0.594 + 1.021x), nicotine (y = 0.044 + 0.8877x), and chlorides (y = 0.057 + 1.131x) were validated by CUSUM test for linearity. The test indicated that there was no significant deviation from linearity for nicotine, reducing sugars, and chlorides. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ) with P < .0001at 95% confidence interval also showed high correlation between the proposed and the reference extractants for Nicotine (0.993), reducing sugars (0.982), and chlorides (0.972). Analyses of the data sets by Youden plot method showed congregation of data points near to diagonal reference line and a few wild points. This type of data points distribution indicates the high degree of comparability between the proposed and the reference extractants for nicotine, reducing sugars, and chlorides in tobacco cured leaf. The estimated cost of extraction was less with the proposed extractant. It is suggested that the proposed extractant (10%acetic acid + 4 cc activated charcoal suspension) being simple and less expensive be used as an alternative to the hazardous methanol-based extractant.
On-farm tillage trials for rice-wheat cropping system in Indo-Gangetic plains of Eastern India
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 , Rome / CNR - Consi... more Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 , Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal
Potassium supply strategy for enhancing productivity and nutrient use efficiency in FCV tobacco grown in northern light soils of Andhra Pradesh: Potassium supply strategy for in FCV tobacco grown in light soils
Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco, an important high value commercial crop in India, is preferent... more Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco, an important high value commercial crop in India, is preferentially grown on light textured soils for better quality and exports. However, light textured soils are characterized with low potassium (K) reserves, poor K retention and high vulnerability to K leaching. Of all the essential nutrients, K is taken up in largest amount by tobacco grown in irrigated Northern Light Soils (NLS) region of Andhra Pradesh. The large requirement coupled with low efficiency of applied K calls for evolving a K supply strategy that ensures optimum K nutrition of the crop and enhances K use efficiency. Against this backdrop, a field investigation was carried out for two consecutive Rabi seasons at ICAR - CTRI Research Station, Jeelugumilli, Andhra Pradesh to evaluate potassium supply strategies for their effects on productivity and nutrient use efficiency of irrigated FCV tobacco on a sandy loam soil (Alfisol). The experiment comprising eight K supply strategies vary...
Economic Evaluation of Lined Farm Pond for Supplemental Irrigation to FCV Tobacco in Southern Andhra Pradesh
The study was conducted to know the response of flue cured Virginia tobacco to one supplemental i... more The study was conducted to know the response of flue cured Virginia tobacco to one supplemental irrigation using rainwater harvested in lined farm pond having a capacity of 640 m3 and donor area of 2.0 ha. Cured leaf yield of FCV tobacco improved between 20 and 31% during the period of 6 years (2003–04 to 2008–09). An additional average net income of 10,565/ha was accrued from improvement in leaf yield with one supplemental irrigation over control (no irrigation). Discounted cash flow model was employed for measuring the present worth of the pond. Between the two irrigation methods followed for recycling water from the pond, the sprinkler method of irrigation (at 25 mm depth of water) fared better than furrow method (at 40 mm depth of water). Sprinkler method registered higher net present values (NPVs): 40,044, 1,62,862 and 3,51,285; higher benefit-cost ratios (BCRs): 1.30, 1.93 and 2.47; and internal rate of return (IRRs): 24, 29 and 30% at 10, 20 and 40 years of expected lifespan ...
residue from plantation and mill sites. This biomass residue can be classi-fied into six types: o... more residue from plantation and mill sites. This biomass residue can be classi-fied into six types: oil palm fronds (OF) and oil palm trunks (OT) produced at plantation site, oil palm empty fruit bunches (OEFB), palm kernel shells (PKS), mesocarp fibre (MF) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced at mill sites. Since the large amount of biomass residue is generated ammually, Andhra Pradesh has the potential to utilize the biomass residue efficiently and effectively to other valued products. In this study, oil palm biomass waste viz., OF, OT and OEFB were used as a feedstock to prepare biochar using convetional pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis temperature and time are known to have profound influence on biochar yield. The optimum parameters of pyrolysis for preparation of biochar from the oil palm biomass waste are not known. In order to standardize the methodology of biochar production, they were subjected to different temperatures and holding time. The optimized conditions for complete ...
and Qatar-1b are transiting Hot Jupiters for which previous works have suggested the presence of ... more and Qatar-1b are transiting Hot Jupiters for which previous works have suggested the presence of transit timing variations (TTVs) indicative of additional bodies in these systems-an Earth-mass planet in WASP-12 and a brown-dwarf mass object in Qatar-1. Here, we present 23 new WASP-12b and 18 new Qatar-1b complete (or nearly complete) transit observations. We perform global system fits to all of our lights curves for each system, plus RV and stellar spectroscopic parameters from the literature. The global fits provide refined system parameters and uncertainties for each system, including precise transit center times for each transit. The transit model residuals of the combined and five minute binned light curves have a RMS of 183 and 255 parts per million (ppm) for WASP-12b and Qatar-1b, respectively. Most WASP-12b system parameter values from this work are consistent with values from previous studies, but have ∼ 40 -50% smaller uncertainties. Most of the Qatar-1b system parameter values and uncertainties from this work are consistent with values recently reported in the literature. We find no convincing evidence for sinusoidal TTVs with a semi-amplitude of more than ∼ 35 s and ∼ 25 s in the WASP-12b and Qatar-1b systems, respectively.
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of new sucker control chemicals on c... more A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of new sucker control chemicals on cv. Hema for three seasons (2007-08 to 2009-10) at CTRI Research Station, Kandukur with 13 treatments in RBD design with three replications New chemicals prime + (Flumetralin) and stomp (Pendimethalin) were tried at 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.5% along with suckerout 4%, deconal 4% which are presently recommended sucker control chemical along with hand suckering, no suckering and no topping. Stomp or Prime+ @1.5% are found effective for sucker control under southeren light soil (SLS) conditions. Highest green leaf, bright leaf, cured leaf and grade index were observed with stomp 1.5% closely followed by prime+1.5% and hand suckering. Mean improvement in yields due to these treatments was 13.8% in cured leaf, 11.4% in grade index over no topping-control. Topping-without suckering treatment reduced the yields by 8.2% in cured leaf, 10.3% in bright leaf. Bulk trial with promising treatments showe...
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