In this paper, the two distinct properties of particle mass and charge are related, unifying equa... more In this paper, the two distinct properties of particle mass and charge are related, unifying equations for classical mechanics and electromagnetism that use mass and charge as variables for the electron.
In this paper, a spacetime structure consisting of a body-centered cubic lattice is modeled class... more In this paper, a spacetime structure consisting of a body-centered cubic lattice is modeled classically as a spring-mass system, where the components of each unit cell in the lattice are based on the fundamental units discovered by Max Planck, and the common forces that govern the motion of particles in spacetime is defined and unified by geometric shapes as the spacetime lattice oscillates.
In this paper, subatomic particles are described by the formation of standing waves of energy as ... more In this paper, subatomic particles are described by the formation of standing waves of energy as a result of energetic oscillations in the spacetime lattice. The creation of new particles with higher energies, or the decay of particles to lower energies, are described by the formation of wave center points that cause an increase or decrease in standing wave energy. The stability of such particles is found to be based on the geometric formation of these center points which allows standing waves to form to a defined boundary that becomes the particle's radius, or the collapse of its standing waves as particles split to become two or more particles, or completely annihilate. The oscillation energy calculation for a single wave center matches the upper range of the neutrino's estimated energy. It is assumed that this single wave center is the fundamental particle responsible for creating the neutrino. It will be shown in this paper mathematically-and possibly modeled in the near future with computer simulations-that this fundamental particle is responsible for the creation of higher order particles, including but not limited to the electron, proton and neutron.
In this paper, the two distinct properties of particle mass and charge are related, unifying equa... more In this paper, the two distinct properties of particle mass and charge are related, unifying equations for classical mechanics and electromagnetism that use mass and charge as variables for the electron.
The necessity of acknowledging the existence of a new chemical element is discussed. A new view o... more The necessity of acknowledging the existence of a new chemical element is discussed. A new view of the electric current as a diffusion wave in a wire is advanced. The production of a magnetic field by an electric current is explained in terms of mechanics of surface waves.
There is always another way to say the same thing that doesn't look at all like the way it was sa... more There is always another way to say the same thing that doesn't look at all like the way it was said before." Richard Feynman. In this essay, a novel approach to cosmology is presented that mathematically models the Universe as an iterated function system (IFS) analogous to the famous Mandelbrot Set IFS (M): z=z 2 +c, where z and c are complex numbers. In theoretical physics, wavefunctions are functions of a complex space that are commonly used to model the dynamics of particles and waves. In the IFS framework presented herein, complex dynamical systems are generated via the iteration process, where the act of iteration corresponds to 1) a change in the state of the system and 2) a change to the wavefunction itself. In this manner, M can be considered a wavefunction generator. In this framework, all observables, including gravity and time, are thought to be generated by the iteration process. Feynman understood that there are many ways of looking at the Universe that are equivalent in nature but different psychologically. Understanding cosmology in terms of fractals and iterated function systems requires a paradigm shift in the way we approach cosmology. This is an evidence based dissertation and does not contradict the standard model; rather, it attempts to reconstruct it using the principles of the fractal paradigm as outlined in this essay. It is the contention of the author that in order to understand the true nature of light, the universe and everything, we must first understand the important role that fractal cosmology plays in the study of our complex dynamical universe.
Using the physics of sound waves as a foundation, subatomic particles and their behaviors are mod... more Using the physics of sound waves as a foundation, subatomic particles and their behaviors are modeled with classical mechanics to calculate the Planck energy, the electron's energy and the energy levels of the first two atoms: hydrogen and helium. Five different methods are used to calculate energies, including spring-mass systems and wave systems, and all five are found to be equal in their calculations.
In this paper, the two distinct properties of particle mass and charge are related, unifying equa... more In this paper, the two distinct properties of particle mass and charge are related, unifying equations for classical mechanics and electromagnetism that use mass and charge as variables for the electron.
In this paper, a spacetime structure consisting of a body-centered cubic lattice is modeled class... more In this paper, a spacetime structure consisting of a body-centered cubic lattice is modeled classically as a spring-mass system, where the components of each unit cell in the lattice are based on the fundamental units discovered by Max Planck, and the common forces that govern the motion of particles in spacetime is defined and unified by geometric shapes as the spacetime lattice oscillates.
In this paper, subatomic particles are described by the formation of standing waves of energy as ... more In this paper, subatomic particles are described by the formation of standing waves of energy as a result of energetic oscillations in the spacetime lattice. The creation of new particles with higher energies, or the decay of particles to lower energies, are described by the formation of wave center points that cause an increase or decrease in standing wave energy. The stability of such particles is found to be based on the geometric formation of these center points which allows standing waves to form to a defined boundary that becomes the particle's radius, or the collapse of its standing waves as particles split to become two or more particles, or completely annihilate. The oscillation energy calculation for a single wave center matches the upper range of the neutrino's estimated energy. It is assumed that this single wave center is the fundamental particle responsible for creating the neutrino. It will be shown in this paper mathematically-and possibly modeled in the near future with computer simulations-that this fundamental particle is responsible for the creation of higher order particles, including but not limited to the electron, proton and neutron.
In this paper, the two distinct properties of particle mass and charge are related, unifying equa... more In this paper, the two distinct properties of particle mass and charge are related, unifying equations for classical mechanics and electromagnetism that use mass and charge as variables for the electron.
The necessity of acknowledging the existence of a new chemical element is discussed. A new view o... more The necessity of acknowledging the existence of a new chemical element is discussed. A new view of the electric current as a diffusion wave in a wire is advanced. The production of a magnetic field by an electric current is explained in terms of mechanics of surface waves.
There is always another way to say the same thing that doesn't look at all like the way it was sa... more There is always another way to say the same thing that doesn't look at all like the way it was said before." Richard Feynman. In this essay, a novel approach to cosmology is presented that mathematically models the Universe as an iterated function system (IFS) analogous to the famous Mandelbrot Set IFS (M): z=z 2 +c, where z and c are complex numbers. In theoretical physics, wavefunctions are functions of a complex space that are commonly used to model the dynamics of particles and waves. In the IFS framework presented herein, complex dynamical systems are generated via the iteration process, where the act of iteration corresponds to 1) a change in the state of the system and 2) a change to the wavefunction itself. In this manner, M can be considered a wavefunction generator. In this framework, all observables, including gravity and time, are thought to be generated by the iteration process. Feynman understood that there are many ways of looking at the Universe that are equivalent in nature but different psychologically. Understanding cosmology in terms of fractals and iterated function systems requires a paradigm shift in the way we approach cosmology. This is an evidence based dissertation and does not contradict the standard model; rather, it attempts to reconstruct it using the principles of the fractal paradigm as outlined in this essay. It is the contention of the author that in order to understand the true nature of light, the universe and everything, we must first understand the important role that fractal cosmology plays in the study of our complex dynamical universe.
Using the physics of sound waves as a foundation, subatomic particles and their behaviors are mod... more Using the physics of sound waves as a foundation, subatomic particles and their behaviors are modeled with classical mechanics to calculate the Planck energy, the electron's energy and the energy levels of the first two atoms: hydrogen and helium. Five different methods are used to calculate energies, including spring-mass systems and wave systems, and all five are found to be equal in their calculations.
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Papers by Lori Gardi