Sustainable agroecosystems with systematic crop rotation and crop diversity can promote the maint... more Sustainable agroecosystems with systematic crop rotation and crop diversity can promote the maintenance of soil fertility and sustainable carbon cycling including CO 2 sequestration from the atmosphere and formation of organic matter. To contribute to the implementation of the goals of the European Green Deal course, it is necessary to assess CO 2 uptake capacity for the widest possible range of agricultural crops grown in a certain region. This study determined the amount of above-ground (Resid AG) and below-ground (Resid BG) residues of plants and the content of C and N fixed in them looking for relationships with the yield for six alternative crops for cereals grown in Latvia: winter rape (WRa), buckwheat (BW), peas (P), potatoes (PO), maize (M), and green fallow (GF) compared to cereals in two different regions of Latvia over a three-year period. Significant differences were found between alternative species in the amount of total (AG + BG) plant residues (g m −2 DM) left in the field: 1840 ± 67.8 for winter rape, 740 ± 30.7 for buckwheat, 767 ± 54.7 for peas, 323 ± 11.2 for potatoes, 172 ± 5.2 for maize, and 470.2 ± 30.9 for green fallow. The results showed that the winter crops-rape, triticale (WT), and rye (WR)-left the most total plant residues in the field with the most C content exceeding 80 g m −2 C in Resid BG and 600 g m −2 C in Resid AG. A significant variation in the amount of plant residues within the species depending on the year, cultivar, fertilisation, and soil properties was found, so for more accurate calculation of C and N inputs, the data set should be enlarged, or average statistical data be used.
This study is a component of the CORE Organic Plus PRODIVA project, a collaboration between inter... more This study is a component of the CORE Organic Plus PRODIVA project, a collaboration between international weed research institutions, which aims to improve utilization of crop diversification for weed management in northern European organic arable cropping systems. The overall goal is to maintain a diversified and manageable weed flora that can support beneficial organisms. The objective of this specific research conducted by the Group Crop Health of the University Rostock is to identify challenges in weed control, to investigate the role of crop diversification management for weed management in the field and to cluster weed species into groups according to susceptibility for crop diversity management. In order to reach this objective a diversity of methods are proposed. Data collection takes place on organic arable farms in five countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Latvia and Germany) over the course of two years (2015-2016). Existing information and literature on weed occurrence and control challenges from all regions are compiled into an Ex-ante database and literature review. A two year on-farm weed survey is carried out in spring-sown cereals and combined with the collection of the field history with a focus on the implementation of crop diversification measures. All data is collected at the University of Rostock for processing and analysing; the weed survey data will be compared with the Ex-ante database and analysed for interactions with the crop diversification measures. Results will both be communicated towards the stakeholders, as well as serve for scientific publications.
Prezentowane wyniki badan są cześcią miedzynarodowego projektu PRODIVA - Crop diversification and... more Prezentowane wyniki badan są cześcią miedzynarodowego projektu PRODIVA - Crop diversification and weeds (http://coreorganicplus.org/research-projects/prodiva) finansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Badan i Rozwoju i realizowanego w ramach konkursu ,,Core Organic Plus”. Projekt skierowany jest na wspieranie bioroznorodności jako waznego elementu kierowania zachwaszczeniem w rolnictwie ekologicznym. W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badan polowych prowadzonych w Polsce i Łotwie, ktore mialy na celu uzyskanie informacji na temat cech odmian i mieszanek odmian zapewniających optymalną redukcje zachwaszczenia. W badaniach zastosowano lącznie dziesiec odmian jeczmienia jarego oraz sześc odmian owsa jarego. W badaniach wykonano pomiary masy chwastow, wysokości plonow ziarna, wysokości roślin, obsady roślin zboz na jednostce powierzchni oraz określono indeks powierzchni liści. Wyniki pokazują, ze mieszaniny odmian, zarowno jeczmienia jak i owsa, mogą wplynąc na poprawe zdolności konkurencyjnych, zmniejszając produkcje biomasy chwastow.
Efektīvākās nezāļu ierobežošanas metodes-gudri plānota augu maiņa plus ecēšana pareizajā laikā Lī... more Efektīvākās nezāļu ierobežošanas metodes-gudri plānota augu maiņa plus ecēšana pareizajā laikā Līvija Zariņa, AREI Priekuļu pētniecības centra vadošā pētniece Gulbenes novada Rankas pagasta zemnieku saimniecības 'Ķelmēni' dibināta 1993, tā specializējusies labību, galvenokārt rudzu, audzēšanā bioloģiskās saimniekošanas sistēmā. Saimniecība attīsta noslēgta cikla ražošanu: audzē rudzus, no tiem cep maizi, sēj augsnes ielabotājkultūras un to ražu pārdod lopbarībai. Saimnieks-Juris Paulovičs kopš darbības pirmsākumiem centies strādāt videi draudzīgām metodēm un popularizējis veselīgas pārtikas nozīmi.
SEG emisiju apjoms un to samazināšanas iespējas Attīstoties tautsaimniecībai, tajā skaitā lauksai... more SEG emisiju apjoms un to samazināšanas iespējas Attīstoties tautsaimniecībai, tajā skaitā lauksaimnieciskajai ražošanai, nenovēršami palielinās arī izmešu daudzums atmosfērā. Pāris gados izmaiņas nav lielas, taču, vērtējot šo procesu ilgā laika periodā, ir aprēķināts, ka visstraujāk ir pieaugusi N 2 O un CH 4 koncentrācija atmosfērā, kas kopumā rada palielinātu siltumnīcefektu (Tabula). Tabula SEG koncentrācija atmosfērā (Climate Change, 2007) Gāze Pirmsindustriālais periods (1950. g.) Pašreiz Siltumnīcas efekta radīšanas potenciāls Oglekļa dioksīds (CO 2) 277 ppm* 382 ppm 1 Metāns (CH 4) 600 ppb** 1728 ppb 23 Slāpekļa oksīds (N 2 O) 270…290 ppb 318 ppb 296 *ppm-vienības uz miljonu nosacīto vienību (parts per million); šo saīsinājumu izmanto, lai raksturotu kādas vielas daudzumu citā vielā, visbiežāk-oglekļa dioksīda (CO 2) klātbūtni atmosfērā; **ppb-vienības uz miljardu nosacīto vienību (parts per billion). Literatūra 1. Adaptation to Climate Change an EU approach (2013). [Tiešsaiste] [skatīts 18.06.2013]. Pieejams: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/adaptation/index_en.htmClimate-related transboundary pests and diseases (2008). Technical background document from the expert consultation held on 25 to 27 february 2008, FAO, Rome. 59 p. 2. Adaptation to climate change in agriculture, forestry and fisheries: Perspective, framework and priorities (2007). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 32 p. 3. Alberts M., Kreišmane Dz., Grīnbergs U., u. c. (2013). Nākotnes precīzās saimniekošanas tehnoloģijas Latvijas laukiem. Latvijas Universitātes Matemātikas un informātikas institūts, SIA "Jelgavas Tipogrāfija", 252 lpp. 4. Alok Jha (2009). Could new varieties of wheat and barley save the planet from climate change? [Tiešsaiste][skatīts 17.
Saskaņā ar projektā PRODIVA plānotajām aktivitātēm 2016. gadā turpināti pētījumi par nezāļu ierob... more Saskaņā ar projektā PRODIVA plānotajām aktivitātēm 2016. gadā turpināti pētījumi par nezāļu ierobežosanas iespējām izvēloties piemērotas labību sugas, sķirnes un to maisījumus. Divdesmit zemnieku saimniecību laukos turpināts nezāļu monitorings noskaidrojot izplatītākās nezāļu sugas labību sējumos ar pasēju un nezāļu ierobežosanai efektīvāko lauku kopsanas paņēmienu bioloģiskajā saimniekosanas sistēmā.
The data on weediness from the ongoing crop rotation experiment at the State Priekuli Plant Breed... more The data on weediness from the ongoing crop rotation experiment at the State Priekuli Plant Breeding institute were analysed on the basis of hypothesis that under-sowing in spring cereals can improve weed management. Grass/clover mixture (Trifolium pratense L. and Phleum pratense L.) as under- sowing in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown for one and two seasons in six field crop rotation. Numbers of weed plants in spring (BBCH 20 – 29) were recorded using 0.1 m2 big frame in 10 places; plant biomass of under-sown crops and weeds were sampled within 1.0 x 1.0 m squares after the first cut in the following year after harvesting of main crop (barley). The total of 28 weed species were registered. The most common species were Chenopodium album L.; Tripleurospermum inodorum L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Centaurea cyanus L., and Spergula arvensis L. were also amongst the five common species. In addition, to examine the efficiency of under-sowing in weed management in the fields,...
The international research network PRODIVA aims to improved utilization of crop diversification f... more The international research network PRODIVA aims to improved utilization of crop diversification for weed management in northern European organic arable cropping systems. The over-all aim is to support organic agriculture for the exploitation of crop diversification methods to improve weed management and still maintain a diverse weed flora. Hypothesized is that crop diversification can improve weed management while ensuring a diverse weed flora by the employment of: (I) pertinent crop sequencing that mitigates noxious weed species (II) improved cover crop establishment with selected competitive cover crop species (III) crop mixtures utilizing the resources better than sole crop species resulting in more weed suppression (IV) variety mixtures exerting a stronger pressure on weed development than the sole varieties. Objectives are: (I) to strengthen the scientific foundation for the employment of crop diversification, (II) to survey the weed situation in practice region-wise and link i...
The impact of organic amendments on the soil microorganisms and plant growth and health in condit... more The impact of organic amendments on the soil microorganisms and plant growth and health in conditions of organic agriculture of Northern temperate climate was analyzed. Some case studies dealing with green manure or vermicompost amendments are discussed giving deeper analyses of the vermicompost impact on plant growth. The first case study is about the impact of green manure on soil microbial populations and soil suppressiveness against such pathogens as late blight, potato scab, and black scurf of potato in organic agriculture. The second case study is about the use of vermicompost in organic starch potato cultivation. Significantly higher numbers of all groups of analyzed cultivable microorganisms were observed in organic agriculture fields in comparison to conventional fields. Results obtained by molecular methods regarding fungal diversity did not show such an increase. Controversial results about plant health, in terms of disease suppressiveness, have been obtained. The possible acting mechanisms of the vermicompost on plant growth are discussed. Our studies raise particular concerns about the vermicompost. Definitely, the unique nature of organic amendments in each case must be taken into account. Further studies are needed to explain the impact of green manure and vermicompost on the plant health.
An analysis of the regulations of herbicide use for weed control in non-agricultural ⁄ urban amen... more An analysis of the regulations of herbicide use for weed control in non-agricultural ⁄ urban amenity areas, including actual pesticide use, was carried out as a joint survey of seven European countries: Denmark,
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Mar 1, 2021
Abstract Within organic crop production, weed interference remains one of the main constraints on... more Abstract Within organic crop production, weed interference remains one of the main constraints on productivity, yet diverse weed vegetation supports the ecosystem services of arable fields. The use of crop diversification could alter weed communities and increase diversity, preventing the dominance of single detrimental weed species. This study investigated the type of crop diversification implemented in organic cropping systems in northern Europe and whether this affects the arable weed vegetation. A weed survey was conducted in 207 organic spring-sown cereal fields in five northern European regions (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden). Weed density data were combined with management and crop diversification data collected on the farms. The data set was analysed using linear mixed models and multivariate ordinations. The 197 weed species recorded were representative for the type of organic arable farming conducted in the regions. The management and crop diversification variables studied differed considerably among the regions. Management, such as the type of spring-sown cereal and crop mixture during monitoring, the preceding crop and weed harrowing, primarily influenced weed densities, while weed diversity increased with the duration of organic management and use of winter cover crops. The weed species communities were altered by the crop diversification applied. This study reflects the impact of regionally varied crop diversity and reinforces the importance of regionally adapted crop and weed management.
Within the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme project "Enhancing of legumes growing in ... more Within the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme project "Enhancing of legumes growing in Europe through sustainable cropping for protein supply for food and feed" (EUROLEGUME) producing of the knowledge required for the implementation of legume supported cropping system in sustainable agriculture was done. The main objective of this study was to investigate spring cereal species effect on protein content in pea grains depending cropping system (organic and conventional). The research involved two field pea (Pisum sativum var.arvense L.) cultivars-'Kirke' and 'Bruno', and two spring cereal species: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in mixtures. The results demonstrated that in pea-cereal mixtures cereal species can affect the protein content of grains of pea. Depending cultivar the effect was different. In grains of cv 'Bruno' crude protein content was highest; the higher the protein of grains fixed in yield from organic field.
Sustainable agroecosystems with systematic crop rotation and crop diversity can promote the maint... more Sustainable agroecosystems with systematic crop rotation and crop diversity can promote the maintenance of soil fertility and sustainable carbon cycling including CO 2 sequestration from the atmosphere and formation of organic matter. To contribute to the implementation of the goals of the European Green Deal course, it is necessary to assess CO 2 uptake capacity for the widest possible range of agricultural crops grown in a certain region. This study determined the amount of above-ground (Resid AG) and below-ground (Resid BG) residues of plants and the content of C and N fixed in them looking for relationships with the yield for six alternative crops for cereals grown in Latvia: winter rape (WRa), buckwheat (BW), peas (P), potatoes (PO), maize (M), and green fallow (GF) compared to cereals in two different regions of Latvia over a three-year period. Significant differences were found between alternative species in the amount of total (AG + BG) plant residues (g m −2 DM) left in the field: 1840 ± 67.8 for winter rape, 740 ± 30.7 for buckwheat, 767 ± 54.7 for peas, 323 ± 11.2 for potatoes, 172 ± 5.2 for maize, and 470.2 ± 30.9 for green fallow. The results showed that the winter crops-rape, triticale (WT), and rye (WR)-left the most total plant residues in the field with the most C content exceeding 80 g m −2 C in Resid BG and 600 g m −2 C in Resid AG. A significant variation in the amount of plant residues within the species depending on the year, cultivar, fertilisation, and soil properties was found, so for more accurate calculation of C and N inputs, the data set should be enlarged, or average statistical data be used.
This study is a component of the CORE Organic Plus PRODIVA project, a collaboration between inter... more This study is a component of the CORE Organic Plus PRODIVA project, a collaboration between international weed research institutions, which aims to improve utilization of crop diversification for weed management in northern European organic arable cropping systems. The overall goal is to maintain a diversified and manageable weed flora that can support beneficial organisms. The objective of this specific research conducted by the Group Crop Health of the University Rostock is to identify challenges in weed control, to investigate the role of crop diversification management for weed management in the field and to cluster weed species into groups according to susceptibility for crop diversity management. In order to reach this objective a diversity of methods are proposed. Data collection takes place on organic arable farms in five countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Latvia and Germany) over the course of two years (2015-2016). Existing information and literature on weed occurrence and control challenges from all regions are compiled into an Ex-ante database and literature review. A two year on-farm weed survey is carried out in spring-sown cereals and combined with the collection of the field history with a focus on the implementation of crop diversification measures. All data is collected at the University of Rostock for processing and analysing; the weed survey data will be compared with the Ex-ante database and analysed for interactions with the crop diversification measures. Results will both be communicated towards the stakeholders, as well as serve for scientific publications.
Prezentowane wyniki badan są cześcią miedzynarodowego projektu PRODIVA - Crop diversification and... more Prezentowane wyniki badan są cześcią miedzynarodowego projektu PRODIVA - Crop diversification and weeds (http://coreorganicplus.org/research-projects/prodiva) finansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Badan i Rozwoju i realizowanego w ramach konkursu ,,Core Organic Plus”. Projekt skierowany jest na wspieranie bioroznorodności jako waznego elementu kierowania zachwaszczeniem w rolnictwie ekologicznym. W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badan polowych prowadzonych w Polsce i Łotwie, ktore mialy na celu uzyskanie informacji na temat cech odmian i mieszanek odmian zapewniających optymalną redukcje zachwaszczenia. W badaniach zastosowano lącznie dziesiec odmian jeczmienia jarego oraz sześc odmian owsa jarego. W badaniach wykonano pomiary masy chwastow, wysokości plonow ziarna, wysokości roślin, obsady roślin zboz na jednostce powierzchni oraz określono indeks powierzchni liści. Wyniki pokazują, ze mieszaniny odmian, zarowno jeczmienia jak i owsa, mogą wplynąc na poprawe zdolności konkurencyjnych, zmniejszając produkcje biomasy chwastow.
Efektīvākās nezāļu ierobežošanas metodes-gudri plānota augu maiņa plus ecēšana pareizajā laikā Lī... more Efektīvākās nezāļu ierobežošanas metodes-gudri plānota augu maiņa plus ecēšana pareizajā laikā Līvija Zariņa, AREI Priekuļu pētniecības centra vadošā pētniece Gulbenes novada Rankas pagasta zemnieku saimniecības 'Ķelmēni' dibināta 1993, tā specializējusies labību, galvenokārt rudzu, audzēšanā bioloģiskās saimniekošanas sistēmā. Saimniecība attīsta noslēgta cikla ražošanu: audzē rudzus, no tiem cep maizi, sēj augsnes ielabotājkultūras un to ražu pārdod lopbarībai. Saimnieks-Juris Paulovičs kopš darbības pirmsākumiem centies strādāt videi draudzīgām metodēm un popularizējis veselīgas pārtikas nozīmi.
SEG emisiju apjoms un to samazināšanas iespējas Attīstoties tautsaimniecībai, tajā skaitā lauksai... more SEG emisiju apjoms un to samazināšanas iespējas Attīstoties tautsaimniecībai, tajā skaitā lauksaimnieciskajai ražošanai, nenovēršami palielinās arī izmešu daudzums atmosfērā. Pāris gados izmaiņas nav lielas, taču, vērtējot šo procesu ilgā laika periodā, ir aprēķināts, ka visstraujāk ir pieaugusi N 2 O un CH 4 koncentrācija atmosfērā, kas kopumā rada palielinātu siltumnīcefektu (Tabula). Tabula SEG koncentrācija atmosfērā (Climate Change, 2007) Gāze Pirmsindustriālais periods (1950. g.) Pašreiz Siltumnīcas efekta radīšanas potenciāls Oglekļa dioksīds (CO 2) 277 ppm* 382 ppm 1 Metāns (CH 4) 600 ppb** 1728 ppb 23 Slāpekļa oksīds (N 2 O) 270…290 ppb 318 ppb 296 *ppm-vienības uz miljonu nosacīto vienību (parts per million); šo saīsinājumu izmanto, lai raksturotu kādas vielas daudzumu citā vielā, visbiežāk-oglekļa dioksīda (CO 2) klātbūtni atmosfērā; **ppb-vienības uz miljardu nosacīto vienību (parts per billion). Literatūra 1. Adaptation to Climate Change an EU approach (2013). [Tiešsaiste] [skatīts 18.06.2013]. Pieejams: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/adaptation/index_en.htmClimate-related transboundary pests and diseases (2008). Technical background document from the expert consultation held on 25 to 27 february 2008, FAO, Rome. 59 p. 2. Adaptation to climate change in agriculture, forestry and fisheries: Perspective, framework and priorities (2007). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 32 p. 3. Alberts M., Kreišmane Dz., Grīnbergs U., u. c. (2013). Nākotnes precīzās saimniekošanas tehnoloģijas Latvijas laukiem. Latvijas Universitātes Matemātikas un informātikas institūts, SIA "Jelgavas Tipogrāfija", 252 lpp. 4. Alok Jha (2009). Could new varieties of wheat and barley save the planet from climate change? [Tiešsaiste][skatīts 17.
Saskaņā ar projektā PRODIVA plānotajām aktivitātēm 2016. gadā turpināti pētījumi par nezāļu ierob... more Saskaņā ar projektā PRODIVA plānotajām aktivitātēm 2016. gadā turpināti pētījumi par nezāļu ierobežosanas iespējām izvēloties piemērotas labību sugas, sķirnes un to maisījumus. Divdesmit zemnieku saimniecību laukos turpināts nezāļu monitorings noskaidrojot izplatītākās nezāļu sugas labību sējumos ar pasēju un nezāļu ierobežosanai efektīvāko lauku kopsanas paņēmienu bioloģiskajā saimniekosanas sistēmā.
The data on weediness from the ongoing crop rotation experiment at the State Priekuli Plant Breed... more The data on weediness from the ongoing crop rotation experiment at the State Priekuli Plant Breeding institute were analysed on the basis of hypothesis that under-sowing in spring cereals can improve weed management. Grass/clover mixture (Trifolium pratense L. and Phleum pratense L.) as under- sowing in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown for one and two seasons in six field crop rotation. Numbers of weed plants in spring (BBCH 20 – 29) were recorded using 0.1 m2 big frame in 10 places; plant biomass of under-sown crops and weeds were sampled within 1.0 x 1.0 m squares after the first cut in the following year after harvesting of main crop (barley). The total of 28 weed species were registered. The most common species were Chenopodium album L.; Tripleurospermum inodorum L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Centaurea cyanus L., and Spergula arvensis L. were also amongst the five common species. In addition, to examine the efficiency of under-sowing in weed management in the fields,...
The international research network PRODIVA aims to improved utilization of crop diversification f... more The international research network PRODIVA aims to improved utilization of crop diversification for weed management in northern European organic arable cropping systems. The over-all aim is to support organic agriculture for the exploitation of crop diversification methods to improve weed management and still maintain a diverse weed flora. Hypothesized is that crop diversification can improve weed management while ensuring a diverse weed flora by the employment of: (I) pertinent crop sequencing that mitigates noxious weed species (II) improved cover crop establishment with selected competitive cover crop species (III) crop mixtures utilizing the resources better than sole crop species resulting in more weed suppression (IV) variety mixtures exerting a stronger pressure on weed development than the sole varieties. Objectives are: (I) to strengthen the scientific foundation for the employment of crop diversification, (II) to survey the weed situation in practice region-wise and link i...
The impact of organic amendments on the soil microorganisms and plant growth and health in condit... more The impact of organic amendments on the soil microorganisms and plant growth and health in conditions of organic agriculture of Northern temperate climate was analyzed. Some case studies dealing with green manure or vermicompost amendments are discussed giving deeper analyses of the vermicompost impact on plant growth. The first case study is about the impact of green manure on soil microbial populations and soil suppressiveness against such pathogens as late blight, potato scab, and black scurf of potato in organic agriculture. The second case study is about the use of vermicompost in organic starch potato cultivation. Significantly higher numbers of all groups of analyzed cultivable microorganisms were observed in organic agriculture fields in comparison to conventional fields. Results obtained by molecular methods regarding fungal diversity did not show such an increase. Controversial results about plant health, in terms of disease suppressiveness, have been obtained. The possible acting mechanisms of the vermicompost on plant growth are discussed. Our studies raise particular concerns about the vermicompost. Definitely, the unique nature of organic amendments in each case must be taken into account. Further studies are needed to explain the impact of green manure and vermicompost on the plant health.
An analysis of the regulations of herbicide use for weed control in non-agricultural ⁄ urban amen... more An analysis of the regulations of herbicide use for weed control in non-agricultural ⁄ urban amenity areas, including actual pesticide use, was carried out as a joint survey of seven European countries: Denmark,
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Mar 1, 2021
Abstract Within organic crop production, weed interference remains one of the main constraints on... more Abstract Within organic crop production, weed interference remains one of the main constraints on productivity, yet diverse weed vegetation supports the ecosystem services of arable fields. The use of crop diversification could alter weed communities and increase diversity, preventing the dominance of single detrimental weed species. This study investigated the type of crop diversification implemented in organic cropping systems in northern Europe and whether this affects the arable weed vegetation. A weed survey was conducted in 207 organic spring-sown cereal fields in five northern European regions (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden). Weed density data were combined with management and crop diversification data collected on the farms. The data set was analysed using linear mixed models and multivariate ordinations. The 197 weed species recorded were representative for the type of organic arable farming conducted in the regions. The management and crop diversification variables studied differed considerably among the regions. Management, such as the type of spring-sown cereal and crop mixture during monitoring, the preceding crop and weed harrowing, primarily influenced weed densities, while weed diversity increased with the duration of organic management and use of winter cover crops. The weed species communities were altered by the crop diversification applied. This study reflects the impact of regionally varied crop diversity and reinforces the importance of regionally adapted crop and weed management.
Within the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme project "Enhancing of legumes growing in ... more Within the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme project "Enhancing of legumes growing in Europe through sustainable cropping for protein supply for food and feed" (EUROLEGUME) producing of the knowledge required for the implementation of legume supported cropping system in sustainable agriculture was done. The main objective of this study was to investigate spring cereal species effect on protein content in pea grains depending cropping system (organic and conventional). The research involved two field pea (Pisum sativum var.arvense L.) cultivars-'Kirke' and 'Bruno', and two spring cereal species: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in mixtures. The results demonstrated that in pea-cereal mixtures cereal species can affect the protein content of grains of pea. Depending cultivar the effect was different. In grains of cv 'Bruno' crude protein content was highest; the higher the protein of grains fixed in yield from organic field.
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