Papers by Gideon Kruseman
Original districts with wheat-blast in 2016 and new districts with wheat-blast like symptoms in 2017 wheat season in Bangladesh and eastern India
Wheat consumption trends (kg/capita/year) in selected countries in South Asia
Frontiers in sustainable food systems, Mar 30, 2022
This paper presents a lightweight, flexible, extensible, machine readable and human-intelligible ... more This paper presents a lightweight, flexible, extensible, machine readable and human-intelligible metadata schema that does not depend on a specific ontology. The metadata schema for metadata of data files is based on the concept of data lakes where data is stored as they are. The purpose of the schema is to enhance data interoperability. The lack of interoperability of messy socioeconomic datasets that contain a mixture of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data means that many datasets are underutilized. Adding a minimum set of rich metadata and describing new and existing data dictionaries in a standardized way goes a long way to make these high-variety datasets interoperable and reusable and hence allows timely and actionable information to be gleaned from those datasets. The presented metadata schema OIMS can help to standardize the description of metadata. The paper introduces overall concepts of metadata, discusses design principles of metadata schemes, and presents the structure and an applied example of OIMS.
An ex ante life cycle assessment of wheat with high biological nitrification inhibition capacity
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
It is essential to increase food production to meet the projected population increase while reduc... more It is essential to increase food production to meet the projected population increase while reducing environmental loads. Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI)-enabled wheat genetic stocks are under development through chromosome engineering by transferring chromosomal regions carrying the BNI trait from a wild relative (Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev) into elite wheat varieties; field evaluation of these newly developed BNI-wheat varieties has started. Ten years from now, BNI-enabled elite wheat varieties are expected to be deployed in wheat production systems. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of introducing these novel genetic solutions on life cycle greenhouse gas (LC-GHG) emissions, nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates and N-use efficiency (NUE). Scenarios were developed based on evidence of nitrification inhibition and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission reduction by BNI crops and by synthetic nitrification inhibitors (SNIs), as both BNI-wheat and SNIs slow the nitrification process. Scenarios including BNI-wheat will inhibit nitrification by 30% by 2030 and 40% by 2050. It was assumed that N fertilizer application rates can potentially be reduced, as N losses through N2O emissions, leaching and runoff are expected to be lower. The results show that the impacts from BNI-wheat with 40% nitrification inhibition by 2050 are assessed to be positive: a 15.0% reduction in N fertilization, a 15.9% reduction in LC-GHG emissions, and a 16.7% improvement in NUE at the farm level. An increase in ammonia volatilization had little influence on the reduction in LC-GHG emissions. The GHG emissions associated with N fertilizer production and soil N2O emissions can be reduced between 7.3 and 9.5% across the wheat-harvested area worldwide by BNI-wheat with 30% and 40% nitrification inhibition, respectively. However, the present study recommends further technological developments (e.g. further developments in BNI-wheat and the development of more powerful SNIs) to reduce environmental impacts while improving wheat production to meet the increasing worldwide demand.
Non-point source pollution is notoriously difficult to asses. A relevant example is mineral emiss... more Non-point source pollution is notoriously difficult to asses. A relevant example is mineral emissions in the Netherlands. Since the mid 1980s the Dutch government has sought to reduce emissions through a wide variety of measures, the effect of which in turn is monitored using modeling techniques. This paper presents the current generation of mineral emission models from agriculture based on microsimulation of farms in combination with a spatial equilibrium model for the dispersion of manure from excess regions with high livestock intensities within the country to areas with low livestock intensities. The micro-simulation approach retains the richness in the heterogeneity of farm household decision making that are the core cause of the difficulty of assessing non-point source pollution, while using the best available data to track corresponding pollution. Using scenario analysis we are able to assess the possible effects of further tightening of agro-environmental policy.
Levels and determinants of child malnutrition in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
The FASEB Journal, 2006
Challenges related to poverty, hunger, nutrition, health, and the environment are widespread and ... more Challenges related to poverty, hunger, nutrition, health, and the environment are widespread and urgent. One way to stress the urgency of making the right decisions about the future of the global food systems now is to better understand and more clearly articulate the alternative scenarios that food systems face. Developing, synthesizing, and presenting such alternatives to decision makers in a clear way is the ultimate goal of e CGIAR Foresight team.No single source of information focuses regularly and systematically on the future of food and agriculture, and challenges facing developing countries. Our work aims to fill that gap with a focus on agricultural income and employment.group systematically collects information about past, on-going and planned foresight activities across CGIAR centers and their partners, spanning the global agricultural research for development arenaWe present a comprehensive overview and synthesis of the results of relevant foresight research, which throu...
Factors Contributing to Child Malnutrition in Tigra y, Northern Ethiopia*
Objective: Estimate levels of and identify factors contributi ng to child malnutrition in Tigray,... more Objective: Estimate levels of and identify factors contributi ng to child malnutrition in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Design : Cross-sectional survey Setting : Rural communities from four zones of Tigray. Methods Three hundred and twenty one under five children were recruited from 587 randomly selected households. Household information and anthropometric measurements were collected. Multiple regression analysis and AN OVA were used for statistical analysis. Results The levels of stunting, under weight and wasting we re 42.7%, 38.3% and 13.4% respectively. A very high proportion of the mothers (80%) initiated feeding of newborns with pre-lacteal feeds primarily butter or water. F amily foods and cereal-based porridge were the main complementary foods after six months. Older children were more likely to be malnourished. Child age, maternal anthropometric characteristics, inadequate complementary foods, and area of residence were the main contributing factors to child malnutrition. Conc...
Het doel van dit onderzoek is nagaan in hoeverre melkveehouders hun investeringsplannen voor een ... more Het doel van dit onderzoek is nagaan in hoeverre melkveehouders hun investeringsplannen voor een nieuwe stal nog kunnen uitvoeren als ze verplicht worden om een emissiearme stal te bouwen in plaats van een gangbare stal. Hiertoe worden de volgende onderzoeksvragen beantwoord: 1) Wat is de totale investering indien een melkveehouder besluit om een nieuwe stal te bouwen? 2) Wat zijn de jaarkosten van deze investering en wat is het effect op de jaarkosten als een emissiearme stal is vereist in plaats van een gangbare stal? 3) Wat is het effect van een verplichting voor een emissiearme stal bij nieuwbouw op de financierbaarheid van het investeringsplan?
Maize and wheat science for improved livelihoods. Vision A world with healthier and more prospero... more Maize and wheat science for improved livelihoods. Vision A world with healthier and more prosperous peoplefree from global food crisesand more resilient agrifood systems.
Poverty, land conservation and tenure security
African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2010
This paper investigates the impact of tenure security and other factors on investment in soil and... more This paper investigates the impact of tenure security and other factors on investment in soil and water conservation (SWC) in Kenya. Factor analysis, step-wise regression and reduced form model approaches are used to explain the willingness, likelihood and intensity of adoption of SWC investments. The results confirm the importance of tenure security and development domain dimensions in determining the likelihood and intensity of adoption and suggest that to ensure land tenure policy is pro-SWC/environment, it is important to consider whether household plots are owned, rented out or rented in. The impact of household assets implies a poverty environment link. Similar factors affect the decision whether or not to invest in SWC and also the level of investment. The results suggest the need for region specific SWC practices and for broad policies that provide incentives for environmental conservation and poverty reduction.
MAMBO visie en strategisch plan 2012 - 2015
Het model MAMBO (Mineralen- en AmmoniakModel voor Beleidsondersteuning) berekent op basis van eco... more Het model MAMBO (Mineralen- en AmmoniakModel voor Beleidsondersteuning) berekent op basis van economische principes de meststromen in Nederland en de bijbehorende emissies van ammoniak en broeikasgassen. Het model wordt onder andere toegepast voor monitoring van de mestmarkt, voor evaluaties van het mestbeleid en voor verkennende studies op het gebied van ammoniakemissies.
There is a 95% chance that warming will exceed 2°C by the end of the century (Raftery et al. 2017... more There is a 95% chance that warming will exceed 2°C by the end of the century (Raftery et al. 2017). Global crop productivity is projected to fall by 5-10 % per degree of warming (Challinor et al. 2014), with even greater losses likely for some crops in some areas. The challenge of meeting future food demand is increasing, and climate change is already diminishing our ability to adapt through crop breeding (Challinor et al. 2016; Aggarwal et al. 2019). Recent research is suggesting that increases in climate variability are already affecting the number of food-insecure people, and that increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations may affect the nutrient content of some food staples, with serious implications for food and nutrition security (Smith and Myers 2018).
Wheat blast: averting wheat blast in India
The emergence of wheat-blast disease in Bangladesh in the 2015-16 wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop ... more The emergence of wheat-blast disease in Bangladesh in the 2015-16 wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop threatens the food security of South Asia. As wheat is the second most important staple and India has been emerging as a net wheat exporter, a potential spread of the disease from Bangladesh to India could have devastating impacts on India’s overall food security. West Bengal state in eastern India shares a 2,217 km-long border with Bangladesh and has a similar agro-ecology in its nine border districts, enhancing the possibility that disease may enter India via West Bengal. The present study explores the possibility of a ‘wheat holiday’ policy in the nine border districts of West Bengal, India. Under the policy, farmers in these districts would stop wheat cultivation for a few years. The present study attempts to find economically feasible alternative crops to wheat by applying an ex ante assessment framework. Of the ten crops considered, only maize, lentils, gram (chick pea), urad (blac...
This report describes MAMBO, the model for calculation of manure and fertilizer distribution base... more This report describes MAMBO, the model for calculation of manure and fertilizer distribution based on economic principles. Six key processes regarding animal manure and artificial fertilizer are included in MAMBO: (1) Manure and mineral production on farms; (2) Maximum allowed application of manure on farms within statutory and farm level constraints using micro-simulation and mathematical programming techniques; (3) Manure surplus at farm level (production minus maximum application amount); (4) Manure distribution between farms (spatial equilibrium model); (5) Application of manure and artificial fertilizer within the remaining bounds resulting in soil loads with minerals; (6) emission of ammonia and other pollutants at all stages described above. MAMBO is a complex model that uses large amounts of data, the structure of the model and the data used as well as examples of key model results are included. Finally both design principles and quality control are discussed at length.
Less Favored Areas Under Pressure: Conditional Incentive Based Approach to Deal with Externalities
Less favoured areas are characterized by having relatively high population densities compared to ... more Less favoured areas are characterized by having relatively high population densities compared to the carrying capacity of the natural resources, in combination with poor market access and adverse agro-climatic conditions. Very often less favoured areas face external pressures due to high population growth, climatic change and globalisation with unequal benefits. The result is that more often than not, less favoured areas move into development pathways consisting of a vicious circle of environmental degradation and poverty. In this paper we argue that conditional incentive based rural development where positive incentives are used as income support to targeted populations in less favoured areas offers scope to break the vicious circle if and only if it is accompanied by conditions on the support to ensure that activities and investments support public social and environmental goals related to breaking the negative poverty – environment nexus.
Non-point source pollution is notoriously difficult to assess. A relevant example is ammonia emis... more Non-point source pollution is notoriously difficult to assess. A relevant example is ammonia emissions in the Netherlands. Since the mid 1980s the Dutch government has sought to reduce emissions through a wide variety of measures, the effect of which in turn is monitored using modeling techniques. This paper presents the current generation of mineral emission models from agriculture based on micro-simulation of farms in combination with a spatial equilibrium model for the dispersion of manure from excess regions with high livestock intensities within the country to areas with low livestock intensities. The micro-simulation approach retains the richness in the heterogeneity of farm household decision making that are the core cause of the difficulty of assessing non-point source pollution, while using the best available data to track corresponding pollution. Examples are provided that illustrate the strengths of the modeling framework for both pollution monitoring and environmental po...
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Papers by Gideon Kruseman