Zeitschrift Fur Dialektologie Und Linguistik, 2008
The article attempts to sketch out the fundamentals of East Yiddish topology as a prelude to regr... more The article attempts to sketch out the fundamentals of East Yiddish topology as a prelude to regrounding the study of East Yiddish word order. The principal segments of East Yiddish sentence patterns and their underlying regularities are demonstrated, with special attention paid to the relative word order of verbal fields. In accord with BECH (1955), a verbal field is understood as a hierarchical unit consisting of a verbal core and its dependent nonverbal subsyntagmas. Essentially, there are two possible principles for ordering two or more verbal fields in East Yiddish: contiguity and incontiguity. East Yiddish is unique among modern German languages in allowing both constructions. Examples for the study are drawn from selected prose works of three authors, MENDELE MOJXER-SFORIM (SOLEM-JANKEV ABRAMOVIC), JICXOK-LEJBUS PEREC und SOLEM-ALEJXEM (SOLEM RABINOVIC).
L'A. analyse la parente genetique des langues germaniques en examinant les liens decouverts e... more L'A. analyse la parente genetique des langues germaniques en examinant les liens decouverts entre le germanique commun et la plus ancienne des langues germaniques parvenues jusqu'a nous. Apres avoir defini des criteres fiables pour determiner les liens precis entre les langues germaniques, a l'aide des resultats de la linguistique comparative historique germaniste du 19 e siecle, et apres une analyse detaillee de la theorie de l'arbre genealogique, de la theorie des ondes et de la theorie de la polygenese, il etablit que les langues germaniques anciennes attestees historiquement ne trouvent pas leur origine dans des etapes intermediaires hypothetiques, mais directement dans le germanique commun
The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner, 2019
Osteuropäisches Jiddisch und Deutsch gehören von Hause aus zu denjenigen germanischen Sprachen, d... more Osteuropäisches Jiddisch und Deutsch gehören von Hause aus zu denjenigen germanischen Sprachen, die bei pronominaler Referenz strenge Genuskongruenz wahren: Als Faustregel galt bisher, dass auf jedwedes Bezugswort stets mittels der Formen er/er, zi/sie und es/es verwiesen wurde, gleichgültig, ob das Bezugswort einen Menschen, ein Tier oder sonstiges Lebewesen, einen Gegenstand oder ein Abstraktum bezeichnete. 1 Die vorliegende Arbeit ist der Frage gewidmet, wie sich die beiden Sprachen in jüngerer bzw. jüngster Zeit von dieser gemeinsamen Grundlage entfernt haben. Als spezieller Vertreter des Jiddischen dient das vorrangig in den USA beheimatete charedische (ultraorthodoxe) Satmarer Jiddisch, das im 21. Jahrhundert die sprecherstärkste Varietät des Jiddischen ausmacht. Anhand ausgewählter Belege aus den letzten 100 Jahren für das Jiddische bzw. dem letzten Jahrzehnt für das Deutsche werden sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten als auch Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Art und des Umfangs dieser Neuerung in den zwei Sprachen herausgearbeitet.
Uriel Weinreich’s seminal study “Western Traits in Transcarpathian Yiddish” (in For Max Weinreich... more Uriel Weinreich’s seminal study “Western Traits in Transcarpathian Yiddish” (in For Max Weinreich on his Seventieth Birthday: Studies in Jewish languages, literature, and society, 245–264. The Hague: Mouton) brought a feature into focus that is characteristic not only of Transcarpathian Yiddish, but also of the Haredi idioms descending from it. In the eyes of many representatives of secular Yiddish, it has become a hallmark of so-called Hungarian Yiddish, i.e. Haredi Yiddish derived from Central Yiddish subdialects spoken in Hungary with its 1914 borders. The feature in question is the consistent replacement of nominal dative objects by a prepositional phrase introduced by far ‘for, to’. It is tempting to ascribe the rise of the construction to contact-induced influence from Hungarian, which, for historical reasons, occupies an extraordinarily firm position among Jews living in the Transcarpathian area. A major obstacle to such an assumption is, however, that Hungarian itself does n...
Ever since the founding of the modern Haredi Satmar movement in the late 1940s in New York City, ... more Ever since the founding of the modern Haredi Satmar movement in the late 1940s in New York City, the Yiddish variety spoken by the Satmar Haredim has been subject to considerable influence from coterritorial English. The present article addresses the question of the extent to which core features of Eastern European Yiddish have survived into present-day Haredi Satmar Yiddish in America. Most significant in this study is whether the features in question have been able to maintain their position in Haredi Satmar Yiddish despite their absence in English. The absence of a given feature in English will in all likelihood favor alternative Yiddish constructions that have equivalents in English, and will eventually trigger the elimination of the feature in Haredi Satmar Yiddish.
Oral transmission of the Tannaitic Hebrew double genitive vocative ribbono šella‘olam ‘Master of ... more Oral transmission of the Tannaitic Hebrew double genitive vocative ribbono šella‘olam ‘Master of the Universe’ maintains the definite article in the Hebrew component of two ancient Jewish vernaculars: Jewish Neo-Aramaic and Judeo-Arabic in Djerba. The textual transmission of the phrase, changed it graphemically from the Tannaitic original רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁלָּעוֹלָם into medieval רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם. The new spelling was the source of its final formation in Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish, without the definite article. The decategorialization of this double genitive phrase from a theocentric vocative to a semantically bleached interjection in these Jewish languages, especially Yiddish, was the point of departure for its meaning and pragmatic function in nascent spoken Modern Hebrew, as evidence from Mendele’s bilingual oeuvre indicates. It may be tentatively proposed that further grammaticalization and broadening of this substrate component structure-function pairing may have led to the emer...
Den danske 2. person pluralis im perativ på -er, der endnu er velkendt fra den danske sangskat og... more Den danske 2. person pluralis im perativ på -er, der endnu er velkendt fra den danske sangskat og bibeloversaettelser fra før 1948, er i rigs målet veget ganske til fordel for endelsen -0 fra 2. person singularis, men har eksisteret dialektalt (Sønderjylland, AErø, Midtfyn, O dsher red, Møn, Sydvestskåne) helt ned i dette århundrede (Brøndum-Niel-
... Krogh, Steffen. Das Ostjiddische im Sprachkontakt. Deutsch im Spannungsfeld zwischen Semitisc... more ... Krogh, Steffen. Das Ostjiddische im Sprachkontakt. Deutsch im Spannungsfeld zwischen Semitisch und Slavisch. [East Yiddish Language Contact. German between Semitic and Slavonic.]. Series: Beihefte zum Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry 3. ...
Zeitschrift Fur Dialektologie Und Linguistik, 2008
The article attempts to sketch out the fundamentals of East Yiddish topology as a prelude to regr... more The article attempts to sketch out the fundamentals of East Yiddish topology as a prelude to regrounding the study of East Yiddish word order. The principal segments of East Yiddish sentence patterns and their underlying regularities are demonstrated, with special attention paid to the relative word order of verbal fields. In accord with BECH (1955), a verbal field is understood as a hierarchical unit consisting of a verbal core and its dependent nonverbal subsyntagmas. Essentially, there are two possible principles for ordering two or more verbal fields in East Yiddish: contiguity and incontiguity. East Yiddish is unique among modern German languages in allowing both constructions. Examples for the study are drawn from selected prose works of three authors, MENDELE MOJXER-SFORIM (SOLEM-JANKEV ABRAMOVIC), JICXOK-LEJBUS PEREC und SOLEM-ALEJXEM (SOLEM RABINOVIC).
L'A. analyse la parente genetique des langues germaniques en examinant les liens decouverts e... more L'A. analyse la parente genetique des langues germaniques en examinant les liens decouverts entre le germanique commun et la plus ancienne des langues germaniques parvenues jusqu'a nous. Apres avoir defini des criteres fiables pour determiner les liens precis entre les langues germaniques, a l'aide des resultats de la linguistique comparative historique germaniste du 19 e siecle, et apres une analyse detaillee de la theorie de l'arbre genealogique, de la theorie des ondes et de la theorie de la polygenese, il etablit que les langues germaniques anciennes attestees historiquement ne trouvent pas leur origine dans des etapes intermediaires hypothetiques, mais directement dans le germanique commun
The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner, 2019
Osteuropäisches Jiddisch und Deutsch gehören von Hause aus zu denjenigen germanischen Sprachen, d... more Osteuropäisches Jiddisch und Deutsch gehören von Hause aus zu denjenigen germanischen Sprachen, die bei pronominaler Referenz strenge Genuskongruenz wahren: Als Faustregel galt bisher, dass auf jedwedes Bezugswort stets mittels der Formen er/er, zi/sie und es/es verwiesen wurde, gleichgültig, ob das Bezugswort einen Menschen, ein Tier oder sonstiges Lebewesen, einen Gegenstand oder ein Abstraktum bezeichnete. 1 Die vorliegende Arbeit ist der Frage gewidmet, wie sich die beiden Sprachen in jüngerer bzw. jüngster Zeit von dieser gemeinsamen Grundlage entfernt haben. Als spezieller Vertreter des Jiddischen dient das vorrangig in den USA beheimatete charedische (ultraorthodoxe) Satmarer Jiddisch, das im 21. Jahrhundert die sprecherstärkste Varietät des Jiddischen ausmacht. Anhand ausgewählter Belege aus den letzten 100 Jahren für das Jiddische bzw. dem letzten Jahrzehnt für das Deutsche werden sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten als auch Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Art und des Umfangs dieser Neuerung in den zwei Sprachen herausgearbeitet.
Uriel Weinreich’s seminal study “Western Traits in Transcarpathian Yiddish” (in For Max Weinreich... more Uriel Weinreich’s seminal study “Western Traits in Transcarpathian Yiddish” (in For Max Weinreich on his Seventieth Birthday: Studies in Jewish languages, literature, and society, 245–264. The Hague: Mouton) brought a feature into focus that is characteristic not only of Transcarpathian Yiddish, but also of the Haredi idioms descending from it. In the eyes of many representatives of secular Yiddish, it has become a hallmark of so-called Hungarian Yiddish, i.e. Haredi Yiddish derived from Central Yiddish subdialects spoken in Hungary with its 1914 borders. The feature in question is the consistent replacement of nominal dative objects by a prepositional phrase introduced by far ‘for, to’. It is tempting to ascribe the rise of the construction to contact-induced influence from Hungarian, which, for historical reasons, occupies an extraordinarily firm position among Jews living in the Transcarpathian area. A major obstacle to such an assumption is, however, that Hungarian itself does n...
Ever since the founding of the modern Haredi Satmar movement in the late 1940s in New York City, ... more Ever since the founding of the modern Haredi Satmar movement in the late 1940s in New York City, the Yiddish variety spoken by the Satmar Haredim has been subject to considerable influence from coterritorial English. The present article addresses the question of the extent to which core features of Eastern European Yiddish have survived into present-day Haredi Satmar Yiddish in America. Most significant in this study is whether the features in question have been able to maintain their position in Haredi Satmar Yiddish despite their absence in English. The absence of a given feature in English will in all likelihood favor alternative Yiddish constructions that have equivalents in English, and will eventually trigger the elimination of the feature in Haredi Satmar Yiddish.
Oral transmission of the Tannaitic Hebrew double genitive vocative ribbono šella‘olam ‘Master of ... more Oral transmission of the Tannaitic Hebrew double genitive vocative ribbono šella‘olam ‘Master of the Universe’ maintains the definite article in the Hebrew component of two ancient Jewish vernaculars: Jewish Neo-Aramaic and Judeo-Arabic in Djerba. The textual transmission of the phrase, changed it graphemically from the Tannaitic original רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁלָּעוֹלָם into medieval רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם. The new spelling was the source of its final formation in Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish, without the definite article. The decategorialization of this double genitive phrase from a theocentric vocative to a semantically bleached interjection in these Jewish languages, especially Yiddish, was the point of departure for its meaning and pragmatic function in nascent spoken Modern Hebrew, as evidence from Mendele’s bilingual oeuvre indicates. It may be tentatively proposed that further grammaticalization and broadening of this substrate component structure-function pairing may have led to the emer...
Den danske 2. person pluralis im perativ på -er, der endnu er velkendt fra den danske sangskat og... more Den danske 2. person pluralis im perativ på -er, der endnu er velkendt fra den danske sangskat og bibeloversaettelser fra før 1948, er i rigs målet veget ganske til fordel for endelsen -0 fra 2. person singularis, men har eksisteret dialektalt (Sønderjylland, AErø, Midtfyn, O dsher red, Møn, Sydvestskåne) helt ned i dette århundrede (Brøndum-Niel-
... Krogh, Steffen. Das Ostjiddische im Sprachkontakt. Deutsch im Spannungsfeld zwischen Semitisc... more ... Krogh, Steffen. Das Ostjiddische im Sprachkontakt. Deutsch im Spannungsfeld zwischen Semitisch und Slavisch. [East Yiddish Language Contact. German between Semitic and Slavonic.]. Series: Beihefte zum Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry 3. ...
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Papers by Steffen Krogh