Kristin Lunn

Unmonitored trade in marine ornamental fishes: the case of Indonesia?s Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni)

Coral Reefs, Jul 15, 2004

... fish using an exchange rate of 9,560 Indonesian rupiah (rp) to 1 USD, the average daily excha... more

Building small-scale fisheries into marine park zoning plans : a case study of Ko Chang Marine National Park, Thailand

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established around the world to meet a variety of environ... more Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established around the world to meet a variety of environmental and socioeconomic needs. Conserving marine ecosystem components and processes, while still ensuring that local residents can meet their own livelihood needs, has been a challenge for many protected area managers. Multiple-use zoning has been used in several MPAs to balance the needs of different user groups, such as fishers and tour operators, and meet conservation goals within the same area. Developing such zoning plans requires that, among other aspects, the usage patterns, expectations, attitudes, and knowledge of local people be considered. Combining semistructured interviews and participant observation, this study investigated the reliance of local residents on nearshore fisheries within the boundaries of KO Chang Marine National Park (MNP), a designated no-take area located off the eastern coast of Thailand. Approximately 25% of the households in KO Chang MNP were found to depend on fishing as their main source of year-round income, with small-scale fishers being involved primarily in the shrimp trammel net, squid trap, crab trap, fish gill net, hookand-line, and reef fish trap fisheries. Fully unaware of restrictions limiting their access to fishing grounds, small-scale fishers made approximately 35,000 fishing trips during 2002-2003, based on extrapolations fi-om individual fishers' responses during interviews. Small-scale fishers living within the park landed an estimated 324,000 kg/year of target fish and invertebrate species and a minimum of 52,000 kg/year of bycatch. Determining local communities' dependence on coastal fisheries, and identifying areas of low fishing pressure within the MNP, are needed to develop a zoning plan for the park that considers the current needs of local communities. Overlaying these fisheries data with oceanographic and ecological information will, over the long-term, allow managers to establish practical and functional no-take zones within the MNP.

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Monitoring small-scale marine fisheries: An example from Thailand's Ko Chang archipelago

Fisheries Research, 2006

Small-scale fisheries provide food and income to millions of people worldwide, yet these fisherie... more Small-scale fisheries provide food and income to millions of people worldwide, yet these fisheries are generally poorly documented and their impacts not well understood. Improved documentation of these fisheries is needed to gauge global trends, identify the threats to their sustainability, and assess management options. Combining semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this study provides baseline information about the nature and scale of small-scale fisheries in the Ko Chang archipelago, Thailand, as a first step towards instituting a monitoring and management strategy for the area. Although the area has been designated as a "no-take" Marine National Park, small-scale fisheries have continued virtually unabated within the park's boundaries. Small-scale fishers living in the park are involved primarily in the shrimp trammel net, squid trap, crab trap, fish gill net, hook-and-line, and reef fish trap fisheries. Small-scale fishing boats operating out of villages on Ko Chang and Ko Maisi Yai worked for an estimated 38,000 days/year and took 330,000 kg/year of target fish and invertebrates, based on extrapolations from interviews. Observed catches of target species were, however, an average of 42-64% lower than fishers' reported catches for the fisheries in which both data collection methods could be used. Such a finding suggests that future monitoring should rely on observational techniques to assess the catches and efforts of small-scale participants. Given the area's status as a national park, regular monitoring of the small-scale fisheries should be undertaken and multiple-use zoning be considered.

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Fishers' Needs in Marine Protected Area Zoning: A Case Study from Thailand

Coastal Management, 2006

Conserving marine ecosystems, while ensuring the livelihood needs of communities, is a challenge ... more Conserving marine ecosystems, while ensuring the livelihood needs of communities, is a challenge for protected area managers worldwide. Multiple-use zoning can help to balance human uses with conservation goals. Developing effective zoning plans requires information on the condition and uses of marine resources and the conflicts among them. Through interviews and participant observation, we investigated residents' reliance on nearshore fisheries in Ko Chang Marine National Park, a designated "no-take" area in eastern Thailand. Approximately 25% of households depended on fishing as their main source of income, with boat owners earning average net wages of 7-68 US$/day in small-scale fisheries. Apparently unaware of restrictions on resource use, small-scale fishers reported working in 95% of the park's marine waters. Understanding the needs and usage patterns of small-scale fishers will help to inform management and zoning plans for Ko Chang and provide a valuable example for other parks in the region.

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A PRELIMINARY ECOSYSTEM MODEL FOR THE ATLANTIC COAST OF MOROCCO IN THE MID1980S

This paper documents the construction of the model of the Atlantic coast of Morocco including the... more This paper documents the construction of the model of the Atlantic coast of Morocco including the coast of Western Sahara (Tangier to Cape Blanc). The model includes 37 functional groups of which 23 are fishes, grouped by size and commercial importance. The balancing process is described and highlights knowledge gaps. Recommendations for improvements of the model are given.

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Monitoring small-scale marine fisheries: An example from Thailand's Ko Chang archipelago

by Kristin Lunn and Philip Dearden

Fisheries Research, 2006

Small-scale fisheries provide food and income to millions of people worldwide, yet these fisherie... more Small-scale fisheries provide food and income to millions of people worldwide, yet these fisheries are generally poorly documented and their impacts not well understood. Improved documentation of these fisheries is needed to gauge global trends, identify the threats to their sustainability, and assess management options. Combining semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this study provides baseline information about the nature and scale of small-scale fisheries in the Ko Chang archipelago, Thailand, as a first step towards instituting a monitoring and management strategy for the area. Although the area has been designated as a "no-take" Marine National Park, small-scale fisheries have continued virtually unabated within the park's boundaries. Small-scale fishers living in the park are involved primarily in the shrimp trammel net, squid trap, crab trap, fish gill net, hook-and-line, and reef fish trap fisheries. Small-scale fishing boats operating out of villages on Ko Chang and Ko Maisi Yai worked for an estimated 38,000 days/year and took 330,000 kg/year of target fish and invertebrates, based on extrapolations from interviews. Observed catches of target species were, however, an average of 42-64% lower than fishers' reported catches for the fisheries in which both data collection methods could be used. Such a finding suggests that future monitoring should rely on observational techniques to assess the catches and efforts of small-scale participants. Given the area's status as a national park, regular monitoring of the small-scale fisheries should be undertaken and multiple-use zoning be considered.

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Fisheries, large-scale trade, and conservation of seahorses in Malaysia and Thailand

by Kristin Lunn and Amanda Vincent

Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 2010

1. All seahorse species (genus Hippocampus) are listed under CITES Appendix II, requiring that ex... more 1. All seahorse species (genus Hippocampus) are listed under CITES Appendix II, requiring that exports of these fishes must be regulated for sustainability. Preliminary trade surveys and anecdotal reports suggested Malaysia and Thailand represented an important source for seahorses used globally in traditional medicine, curios, and aquarium display, but few historic trade or fisheries data are available. Baseline information about pre-CITES catch and trade is essential for managing seahorse fisheries and trade under CITES, and for understanding present-day effects of CITES regulation on the seahorse trade.

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Fishers' Needs in Marine Protected Area Zoning: A Case Study from Thailand

by Kristin Lunn and Philip Dearden

Coastal Management, 2006

Conserving marine ecosystems, while ensuring the livelihood needs of communities, is a challenge ... more Conserving marine ecosystems, while ensuring the livelihood needs of communities, is a challenge for protected area managers worldwide. Multiple-use zoning can help to balance human uses with conservation goals. Developing effective zoning plans requires information on the condition and uses of marine resources and the conflicts among them. Through interviews and participant observation, we investigated residents' reliance on nearshore fisheries in Ko Chang Marine National Park, a designated "no-take" area in eastern Thailand. Approximately 25% of households depended on fishing as their main source of income, with boat owners earning average net wages of 7-68 US$/day in small-scale fisheries. Apparently unaware of restrictions on resource use, small-scale fishers reported working in 95% of the park's marine waters. Understanding the needs and usage patterns of small-scale fishers will help to inform management and zoning plans for Ko Chang and provide a valuable example for other parks in the region.

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