Papers by Kirill Horoshenkov
Sensors, Apr 5, 2018
The pattern of the free surface of the turbulent flow in a partially filled circular pipe contain... more The pattern of the free surface of the turbulent flow in a partially filled circular pipe contains information on the underlying hydraulic processes. However, the roughness of the free surface of flow and its temporal variation in a pipe is a dynamic and non-stationary process that is difficult to measure directly. This work examines a new acoustic method that is used to study the characteristics of the free surface roughness under controlled laboratory conditions. The acoustic method makes use of a continuous sine wave that is transmitted through the air above the turbulent flow of water over a section of the pipe instrumented with an array of wave probes and microphones. The results obtained for a representative range of flow regimes and variety of pipe bed conditions illustrate that it is possible to unambiguously relate variations in the recorded acoustic field to the standard deviation in the free surface roughness and mean flow depth. These variations are clearly linked to the hydraulic friction factor of the pipe, which is shown to be related to airborne acoustic data obtained non-invasively.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
This paper presents new experimental and numerical evidence that perforations in a pipe wall resu... more This paper presents new experimental and numerical evidence that perforations in a pipe wall result in a low-frequency bandgap within which sound waves rapidly attenuate. These perforations are modelled as an acoustically soft boundary condition on the pipe wall and show that a low frequency bandgap is created from 0 Hz. The upper bound of this bandgap is determined by the dimensions and separation of the perforations. An analytical model based on the transfer matrix method is proposed. This model is validated against numerical predictions for the pipe with varying perforation geometries. A numerical study is undertaken to model the effect of perforations with ideal acoustically soft boundary conditions and surrounded with an air gap. Close agreement is found between the numerical and analytical models. Experimental evidence shows that the width of the bandgap is accurately predicted with the numerical and analytical models.
INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings
The attenuation of acoustic waves by silencers is typically achieved through the employment of ri... more The attenuation of acoustic waves by silencers is typically achieved through the employment of rigidly backed cavities, connected to a main waveguide by a perforated panel. This invokes a resonant response at frequencies determined by the dimensions of the perforation and the rigidly backed cavity. A limiting factor in this approach is that to achieve low frequency attenuation, either large cavity depths are required, which is often impractical, or narrow neck regions need to be used, where performance is limited due to the viscothermal losses. Within this paper, a non-rigidly backed perforated pipe is presented where the pressure release condition at each perforation creates an acoustic sound-soft boundary condition. By the introduction of sound-soft boundary conditions, a low frequency band gap is created as the first order mode is shifted to a non-zero value, the frequency of which is determined by the dimensions and separation of the perforations. Experimental results displaying...
Proceedings of the ICA congress, 2019
This work provides evidence of the importance of considering urban green structures and in partic... more This work provides evidence of the importance of considering urban green structures and in particular the Living Green Walls (LGW) as sound-scaping instruments. An insight to Living Green Walls sound absorption properties is provided with particular interest of sound absorption coefficient and plant morphology. The work was carried out in-situ in internal and external environment and makes use of parametric transducer and XYZ gantry. Novel method of parametric transducer was previously verified by the use of impedance tube tests benchmarking against porous media material. The proposed XYZ gantry method eliminates the reflection from the ground and averages the discrepancy of the absorbed/reflected sound due to plant morphology over a given area of interest. The new method is an alternative to the ISO354-2003 and CEN/TS 1793-5:2016 standard methods to measure acoustic absorption of materials.
CivilEng, 2022
The combined length of the sewerage and clean water pipe infrastructure in the UK is estimated to... more The combined length of the sewerage and clean water pipe infrastructure in the UK is estimated to be about 800,000 km. It is prone to failure due to its age and the inadequacies of the current pipe inspection methods. Fibre-optic cable sensing is an attractive way to continuously monitor this infrastructure to detect critical changes. This paper reviews the existing fibre-optic sensor (FOS) technologies to suggest that these technologies have better sensing potential than traditional inspection and performance monitoring methods. This review also discusses the requirements for retrofitting an existing pipeline with an FOS. It also demonstrates that there is a need for further research into methods applicable to non-pressurised pipelines, as there is very little existing literature that focuses on partially filled pipes and pipes with gravity fed flows.
Acoustic insulation for pipelines has been historically constructed from mineral wool layers that... more Acoustic insulation for pipelines has been historically constructed from mineral wool layers that are surrounded by aluminium or steel jacketing. The thickness of the mineral wool and the cladding determines the overall acoustic performance of the insulation. Unfortunately, this system has a number of disadvantages related to its weight and corrosive properties. In addition re-radiation effects, acoustic energy transference into pipe supports and poor compliance resulting from the metal cladding, often reduces the performance of the insulation system. The desire to find an alternative system that will meet the required acoustic performance criteria is evident. Recent studies carried out by Bradford University and Armacell UK Ltd have shown that a new type of elastometric insulation composite can offer improved performance over traditional types of noise insulation used in the marine and offshore segments. It has been shown that a new, high performance, sound absorption material and ...
Denna artikel ger en kort oversikt av bulleratgarder, resulterande fran EU-projektet HOSANNA, for... more Denna artikel ger en kort oversikt av bulleratgarder, resulterande fran EU-projektet HOSANNA, for minskning av buller fran vag- och spartrafik under ljudets utbredning. Dessa verktyg inkluderar anvandning av ny skarmdesign, plantering av trad, forbattringar av mark- och vagytor samt vegetation pa byggnadsfasader och tak, med hjalp av naturmaterial, sasom vegetation, jord och andra substrat i kombination med atervunnet material och artificiella element. De akustiska insattningsdampningarna bedoms genom numeriska berakningar, perceptuella effekter och kostnadsnyttoanalys. En betydande minskning av buller fran vag- och spartrafik forutsags for ett 1-m-hogt urbant bullerskydd. Detta kan forbattras, upp till ca 10 dB insattningsdampning, genom att placera ytterligare skydd mellan korfalten. Ett 3 m brett och 0,3 m hogt rutnat, ett omsorgsfullt planterat 15 m brett tradbalte samt att ersatta 50 meter asfalterad mark med grasmark forutspas ge bullerminskningar om 5–8 dB, medan anvandning a...
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2021
Available data suggests that granulated aerogels can be of interest in terms of their sound absor... more Available data suggests that granulated aerogels can be of interest in terms of their sound absorption performance in the audio frequency range. However, there is still no thorough understanding of the complex physical phenomena which are responsible for their observed acoustical properties. This work is an attempt to address this gap through advanced material characterization methods and mathematical modelling. Aerogel samples are produced through a two-step, acid-base sol-gel process, with sol silica concentration and density being the main variables. Their pore structure is carefully characterized by nitrogen sorption analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The acoustical properties of hard-backed granular silica aerogels are measured in an impedance tube and the results predicted accurately with the adopted theoretical model. Although silica aerogels have over 90% of open interconnected pores, this was neither reflected in the measured acoustical properties nor the parameter ...
Sensors, 2021
Combined sewer overflow structures (CSO) play an important role in sewer networks. When the local... more Combined sewer overflow structures (CSO) play an important role in sewer networks. When the local capacity of a sewer system is exceeded during intense rainfall events, they act as a “safety valve” and discharge excess rainfall run-off and wastewater directly to a natural receiving water body, thus preventing widespread urban flooding. There is a regulatory requirement that solids in CSO spills must be small and their amount strictly controlled. Therefore, a vast majority of CSOs in the UK contain screens. This paper presents the results of a feasibility study of using low-cost, low-energy acoustic sensors to remotely assess the condition of CSO screens to move to cost-effective reactive maintenance visits. In situ trials were carried out in several CSOs to evaluate the performance of the acoustic sensor under realistic screen and flow conditions. The results demonstrate that the system is robust within ±2.5% to work successfully in a live CSO environment. The observed changes in th...
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2018
There is a considerable number of research publications on the acoustical properties of porous me... more There is a considerable number of research publications on the acoustical properties of porous media with an elastic frame. A simple search through the Web of Science TM (last accessed 21 March 2018) suggests that there are at least 819 publications which deal with the acoustics of poroelastic media. A majority of these researches require accurate knowledge of the elastic properties over a broad frequency range. However, the accuracy of the measurement of the dynamic elastic properties of poroelastic media has been a contentious issue. The novelty of this paper is that it studies the reproducibility of some popular experimental methods which are used routinely to measure the key elastic properties such as the dynamic Young's modulus, loss factor and Poisson ratio of poroelastic media. In this paper, fourteen independent sets of laboratory measurements were performed on specimens of the same porous materials. The results from these measurements suggest that the reproducibility of this type of experimental method is poor. This work can be helpful to suggest improvements which can be developed to harmonize the way the elastic properties of poroelastic media are measured worldwide.
Urban Water Journal, 2015
Operation and maintenance of the public sewer system represent key tasks for an operator. Conditi... more Operation and maintenance of the public sewer system represent key tasks for an operator. Condition assessment is usually conducted by conventional closed circuit television (CCTV) inspection. However, alternative tools such as manhole-zoom cameras (MZCs) and the acoustic technology SewerBatt® are available today. The INNOKANIS project investigates structural and operational condition assessment in the sewer system by means of 3 MZC models and SewerBatt® to develop a combined optical and acoustic device as cost-effective alternative to conventional CCTV inspection. The first field trials of the ongoing project were conducted in Austria in 2011. 640 conditions according to EN 13508-2/A1 were investigated and compared against conventional CCTV reports. Individual and combined detection rates for both devices were calculated. Based on the current findings, both MZC and SewerBatt® are effective alternatives to conventional CCTV inspection. In addition, performance is significantly enhanced when both devices are used in combination.
Applied Acoustics, 2016
The problem of scattering of airborne sound by a dynamically rough surface of a turbulent, 14 ope... more The problem of scattering of airborne sound by a dynamically rough surface of a turbulent, 14 open channel flow is poorly understood. In this work, a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) 15 technique is used to capture accurately a representative number of the instantaneous 16 elevations of the dynamically rough surface of 6 turbulent, subcritical flows in a rectangular 17 flume with Reynolds numbers of 10800 Re 47300 and Froude numbers of 18 0.36 0.69 Fr . The surface elevation data were then used in a finite difference time domain 19 (FDTD) model to predict the directivity pattern of the airborne sound pressure scattered by 20 the dynamically rough flow surface. The predictions obtained with the FDTD model were 21 compared against the sound pressure data measured in the flume and against that obtained 22 with the Kirchhoff approximation. It is shown that the FDTD model agrees with the measured 23 data within 22.3%. The agreement between the FDTD model and stationary phase 24 approximation based on Kirchhoff integral is within 3%. The novelty of this work is in the 25 direct use of the LIF data and FDTD model to predict the directivity pattern of the airborne 26 sound pressure scattered by the flow surface. This work is aimed to inform the design of 27 acoustic instrumentation for non-invasive measurements of hydraulic processes in rivers and 28 in partially filled pipes. 29 11 Mar. resources, operate efficiently and safely waste water processing plants and manage 35 underground sewer networks. 36 37 Given the importance of these types of flows, it is surprising that there are no reliable methods 38 or instruments to measure the shallow water flow characteristics in the laboratory or in the 39 field remotely. The majority of existing instrumentation for flow measurements needs to be 40 submerged under water and provides only local and often inaccurate information on the true 41 flow characteristics such as the flow velocity and depth [1]. The submerged instrumentation is 42 often unable to operate continuously over a long period of time because it is prone to damage 43 by flowing debris and its battery life is limited. Currently, it is impossible to measure 44 remotely and in-situ the flow mixing ability, turbulence kinetic energy, Reynolds stress, 45 sediment erosion rates and the volume fraction of suspended/transported sediment. These 46 characteristics are essential to calibrate accurately the existing and new computational fluid 47 11 Mar. 16 4 processes in the flow. More specifically, the work by Horoshenkov et al. [5] showed that the 60 mean roughness height, characteristic spatial period and correlation length are related to the 61 mean flow depth, velocity and hydraulic roughness coefficient. The work by Nichols [6] 62 showed that the characteristic spatial period of the dynamic surface roughness is related to the 63 scale of the turbulence structures which cause the surface to appear rough. 64
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016
Greening of urban spaces provides a number of environmental benefits. Living Green Walls (LGW) is... more Greening of urban spaces provides a number of environmental benefits. Living Green Walls (LGW) is a most typical example of greening which is also known for its ability to absorb unwanted noise. However, this ability of LGW to absorb noise is rather hard to quantify, because there is a lack of reliable experimental methods to measure it in-situ. This work reports on a new method to measure the absorption coefficient of LGW which makes use of a highly directional parametric transducer and acoustic intensity method. This method is tested under controlled laboratory conditions and in a typical street environment. The results of these experiments demonstrate the ability of the method to measure the absorption of a LGW. It also enables us to quantify the effects of the plant type and moisture content in the soil on the ability of the LGW to absorb sound. The proposed method has certain benefits over ISO354-2003 and CEN/TS 1793-5:2003 standard methods.
Physics of Fluids, 2016
Data on the frequency-wavenumber spectra and dispersion relation of the dynamic water surface in ... more Data on the frequency-wavenumber spectra and dispersion relation of the dynamic water surface in an open channel flow are very scarce. In this work, new data on the frequency-wavenumber spectra were obtained in a rectangular laboratory flume with a rough bottom boundary, over a range of subcritical Froude numbers. These data were used to study the dispersion relation of the surface waves in such shallow turbulent water flows. The results show a complex pattern of surface waves, with a range of scales and velocities. When the mean surface velocity is faster than the minimum phase velocity of gravity-capillary waves, the wave pattern is dominated by stationary waves that interact with the static rough bed. There is a coherent three-dimensional pattern of radially propagating waves with the wavelength approximately equal to the wavelength of the stationary waves. Alongside these waves, there are freely propagating gravity-capillary waves that propagate mainly parallel to the mean flow,...
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Feb 1, 2017
There is a considerable number of research publications on the characterization of porous media t... more There is a considerable number of research publications on the characterization of porous media that is carried out in accordance with ISO 10534-2 (International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2001) and/or ISO 9053 (International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1991). According to the Web of Science(TM) (last accessed 22 September 2016) there were 339 publications in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America alone which deal with the acoustics of porous media. However, the reproducibility of these characterization procedures is not well understood. This paper deals with the reproducibility of some standard characterization procedures for acoustic porous materials. The paper is an extension of the work published by Horoshenkov, Khan, Bécot, Jaouen, Sgard, Renault, Amirouche, Pompoli, Prodi, Bonfiglio, Pispola, Asdrubali, Hübelt, Atalla, Amédin, Lauriks, and Boeckx [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122(1), 345-353 (2007)]. In this paper, independent laboratory mea...
Polymer Testing, 2016
Nowadays several analytical and numerical approaches are available for analysing the performances... more Nowadays several analytical and numerical approaches are available for analysing the performances of materials used in noise and vibration control applications. All these methodologies require knowledge of a set of input parameters which, in the case of viscoelastic materials, could exhibit strong dependence on the frequency in the entire audible range. The aim of this paper is to present a simplified transfer matrix approach for the determination of the complex modulus of isotropic viscoelastic materials as a function of frequency. To that effect, the tested material is excited by an electromagnetic shaker and longitudinal waves are investigated. Using a frequency sweep as an excitation signal, the time domain response is measured downstream and upstream of the sample itself. A velocity transfer function is measured and by using a transfer matrix model of the experimental setup, the complex wave number for longitudinal waves and consequently the complex modulus, once the Poisson's ratio is known in advance, can be determined. The results will be presented and discussed for different materials and compared with well-established quasi-static and dynamic techniques.
New Zealand Acoustics, 2011
The importance of sustainability in all aspects of procurement is gaining momentum in many countr... more The importance of sustainability in all aspects of procurement is gaining momentum in many countries and recently the EC has awarded a contract (QUIESST) to develop not only improved evaluation techniques for acoustic performance of noise reducing devices but also to examine optimisation and sustainability issues. This paper examines some options for “natural” forms of screening surface transport noise that might on the face of it be considered sustainable but until a number of factors are fully considered it is not clear how they compare with manufactured noise barriers. It also considers the psychological benefits of using natural solutions based on the “tranquillity rating prediction tool” recently developed at the University of Bradford.
Canadian Acoustics, Sep 1, 2004
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Papers by Kirill Horoshenkov