IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2025
In the face of rapid urbanisation in the last few decades, the skyrocketing high demand for elect... more In the face of rapid urbanisation in the last few decades, the skyrocketing high demand for electric power has brought about open-cast coal mining on a massive scale with positive impacts such as economic growth and infrastructure development. However, open-cast coal mining brings adverse environmental, ecological, and social consequences such as degradation of habitats, displacement from settlements, losses of traditional livelihoods and pollution. Conflicts of interest between the inhabitants of upcoming open-cast coal mine regions and the beneficiaries of the coal mine have been prominent in many parts of our country. While popular media highlights the topics such as mass resistance of the villagers or the political movement of the opposition parties against the mining initiatives, this study tries to illuminate a case of non-violent communication that was able to abdicate the imposed opinion of the powerful authority, capitalizing on the Constitutional power of Article 243G under Eleventh Schedule of Panchayati Raj. According to Article 243G of the Constitution, State Legislatures may by law endow Panchayats with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government. In West Bengal and Tripura, such institutions in the panchayat regions are represented as Gram Sansad. The residents of Rakhakura Gram Sansad under Churuliya-2 Panchayat in Jamuria block of undivided Burdwan district, in 2003, were able to rule out the land acquisition notice for the open-cast coal mining project, issued by the district collector, with the power of Gram Sansad. This present paper is based on a case study of the participatory experience of Gram Sansad mobilisation, in West Bengal. This had been an exceptional case, which showed, unlike the realities of West Bengal villages, the knowledge of the villagers about the importance of Gram Sansad and awareness about the power of Gram Sansad was so conducive that just the passing of legislation brought the desired changes.
Although an inflammatory microenvironment is required for successful implantation, an inflammator... more Although an inflammatory microenvironment is required for successful implantation, an inflammatory overreaction is one of the causes of unexplained recurrent pregnancy losses (uRPL). Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) plays a pivotal role in regulating immune balance during early pregnancy, and it can stimulate inflammatory reactions via prostaglandin E 2 receptor 3 (EP3). However, the role of PGE 2 receptor signaling in the uRPL remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether EP3 signaling is involved in the mechanism of uRPL. Via immunohistochemistry we could show that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, EP3 and G protein alpha inhibitor 1 (G i1) was enhanced in the decidua of the uRPL group in comparison to the control group in first-trimester placentas. In vitro, we demonstrated that sulprostone (an EP1/EP3 agonist) inhibited the secretion of beta-hCG and progesterone in JEG-3 cells and the secretion of beta-hCG in HTR-8/SVneo cells while it induced the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in JEG-3 cells. In addition, PGE 2 /sulprostone was able to stimulate the expression of G i1 , phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and p53. L-798,106 (an EP3-specific antagonist) suppressed the expression of EP3 and p-ERK1/2 without affecting the secretion of beta-hCG. Elevated activation of EP3 signaling in first-trimester placentas plays an important role in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, the hormone secretion of extravillous trophoblasts and the remodeling of extracellular matrix in the fetal-maternal interface. L-798,106 might be a 'potential therapeutic candidate' for the treatment of uRPL.
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2025
In the face of rapid urbanisation in the last few decades, the skyrocketing high demand for elect... more In the face of rapid urbanisation in the last few decades, the skyrocketing high demand for electric power has brought about open-cast coal mining on a massive scale with positive impacts such as economic growth and infrastructure development. However, open-cast coal mining brings adverse environmental, ecological, and social consequences such as degradation of habitats, displacement from settlements, losses of traditional livelihoods and pollution. Conflicts of interest between the inhabitants of upcoming open-cast coal mine regions and the beneficiaries of the coal mine have been prominent in many parts of our country. While popular media highlights the topics such as mass resistance of the villagers or the political movement of the opposition parties against the mining initiatives, this study tries to illuminate a case of non-violent communication that was able to abdicate the imposed opinion of the powerful authority, capitalizing on the Constitutional power of Article 243G under Eleventh Schedule of Panchayati Raj. According to Article 243G of the Constitution, State Legislatures may by law endow Panchayats with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government. In West Bengal and Tripura, such institutions in the panchayat regions are represented as Gram Sansad. The residents of Rakhakura Gram Sansad under Churuliya-2 Panchayat in Jamuria block of undivided Burdwan district, in 2003, were able to rule out the land acquisition notice for the open-cast coal mining project, issued by the district collector, with the power of Gram Sansad. This present paper is based on a case study of the participatory experience of Gram Sansad mobilisation, in West Bengal. This had been an exceptional case, which showed, unlike the realities of West Bengal villages, the knowledge of the villagers about the importance of Gram Sansad and awareness about the power of Gram Sansad was so conducive that just the passing of legislation brought the desired changes.
Although an inflammatory microenvironment is required for successful implantation, an inflammator... more Although an inflammatory microenvironment is required for successful implantation, an inflammatory overreaction is one of the causes of unexplained recurrent pregnancy losses (uRPL). Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) plays a pivotal role in regulating immune balance during early pregnancy, and it can stimulate inflammatory reactions via prostaglandin E 2 receptor 3 (EP3). However, the role of PGE 2 receptor signaling in the uRPL remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether EP3 signaling is involved in the mechanism of uRPL. Via immunohistochemistry we could show that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, EP3 and G protein alpha inhibitor 1 (G i1) was enhanced in the decidua of the uRPL group in comparison to the control group in first-trimester placentas. In vitro, we demonstrated that sulprostone (an EP1/EP3 agonist) inhibited the secretion of beta-hCG and progesterone in JEG-3 cells and the secretion of beta-hCG in HTR-8/SVneo cells while it induced the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in JEG-3 cells. In addition, PGE 2 /sulprostone was able to stimulate the expression of G i1 , phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and p53. L-798,106 (an EP3-specific antagonist) suppressed the expression of EP3 and p-ERK1/2 without affecting the secretion of beta-hCG. Elevated activation of EP3 signaling in first-trimester placentas plays an important role in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, the hormone secretion of extravillous trophoblasts and the remodeling of extracellular matrix in the fetal-maternal interface. L-798,106 might be a 'potential therapeutic candidate' for the treatment of uRPL.
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Papers by Gita Khawas