Civic Education and citizenship development in Hong Kong……… 4.1.1 Civic Education: A historical a... more Civic Education and citizenship development in Hong Kong……… 4.1.1 Civic Education: A historical account……….……………… 4.1.1.1 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Civic Education from the late 1940s to early 1980s…………………… 4.1.1.2 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Civic Education in the mid-1980s: Guidelines on Civic Education in Schools in 1985………………….………….………. 4.1.1.3 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Civic Education in the mid-1990s: Guidelines on Civic Education in Schools in 1996…………………………….……….. 4.1.1.4 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Civic Education after 1997: Learning for Life, Learning through Life: Reform Proposals for the Education System in Hong Kong in 2000………………….. 4.1.2 Citizenship development in Hong Kong…………………... 4.2 National Education and citizenship development in Communist China………………………………………………………………………………… 4.2.1 National Education: A historical account ………………… 4.2.1.1 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Political Education prior to 1978……………………….………………………… 4.2.1.2 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Patriotic Education beyond 1978…………………………….…………… 4.2.2 Citizenship development in Communist China…………..
Theories and empirical evidence seem to support the argument that better corporate disclosures im... more Theories and empirical evidence seem to support the argument that better corporate disclosures improve liquidity, which is important because it helps lowering cost of capital. Disclosure regulations around the world are enacted to force more timely and equal disclosure from firms, some explicitly states enhancing market liquidity as one of their goals [see Corporate disclosure: Strengthening the financial reporting framework: Department of Treasury 2002, Commonwealth of Australia, p.129]. To improve corporate compliance with these regulations, regulators around the world have made changes to these laws in the recent years and many involved expanding sanctions.1 page(s
2013 13th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS 2013), 2013
ABSTRACT Motion control is an important task in industrial automation systems. And the exact moto... more ABSTRACT Motion control is an important task in industrial automation systems. And the exact motor speed estimation is needed for precise motion control. To obtain the motor speed, linear hall sensor is used in this paper for implementation as a low cost and a simple calculation. Since the linear hall sensor output is sinusoid wave, the measurement equation can be modeled with a sinusoid signal easily. Based on the model, the instrumental variable (IV) method is proposed to estimate the motor frequency in this paper. To prove its performance, the estimation from IV is compared with those from the nominal least squares (NoLS), weighted robust least squares (WRLS), and true value. Experimental results show that the IV method is superior to the NoLS algorithm, and similar with the WRLS algorithm. Moreover, the proposed IV method is useful because it can be applied even if the stochastic properties are unknown or not exact.
Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model organism to study the roles of molecular chaperon... more Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model organism to study the roles of molecular chaperones in cellular processes. C. elegans heat shock protein 70-1 (CeHsp70-1) is the first of the 13-member Hsp70 family genes identified so far in the organism. The protein product of this gene, CeHsp70-1, has been shown to play an important role in conferring thermo-tolerance and longevity on C. elegans. Here, we present the results of the first work to over-express, purify and characterize the ATP hydrolyzing activity of a member of the C. elegans Hsp70s. Recombinant CeHsp70-1 was found to be highly expressed and sufficiently soluble in Escherichia coli. The protein was purified to homogeneity using a combination of nickel affinity, ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Kinetic properties of the basal ATPase activity of the enzyme in a low-salt buffer were determined using a colorimetric assay. The specific activity (V(max) per mg protein), K(m) and k(cat) values obtained for CeHsp70-1 were 25 nmol/min/mg, 50 μM and 0.28 min⁻¹, respectively. The catalytic constant (k(cat)) of the protein was found to be similar to that of heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) and binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP). At low concentrations, CeHsp70-1 existed mostly in its monomeric form. This work provides a platform for kinetic studies of other members of the C. elegans Hsp70 molecular chaperones.
... Page 7. 7 al (1995) report that dispersion does not increase although accuracy falls in a sit... more ... Page 7. 7 al (1995) report that dispersion does not increase although accuracy falls in a situation of option ... Loss firms make poor disclosures (Lang and Lunholm 1996). ... fall within the definition of either 'forced' or 'non-forced' CEO change category, even after cross-...
A new knitted fabric mechanical model was developed using the energy model of knitted loop which ... more A new knitted fabric mechanical model was developed using the energy model of knitted loop which was described in a previous paper [ Textile Res. J. 73(8), 739—748 (2003)]. It was assumed that the shape of the yarn after knitting was curved and had non-linear mechanical properties. In developing the model, the effect of residual torque on yarn was considered. The loops were allowed to rotate such that the geometry of each loop was no longer symmetrical. The new fabric model allowed predictions of both fabric dimensions and wale spirality. Experimental results showed that there was excellent agreement between the calculated and measured values for both course spacing and spirality. For the first time, wale spirality was predicted within a theoretical framework.
Experiments requiring anhydrous conditions were performed under a dry nitrogen or argon atmospher... more Experiments requiring anhydrous conditions were performed under a dry nitrogen or argon atmosphere using oven-or flame-dried apparatus and standard techniques in handling air-and/or moisture-sensitive materials unless otherwise stated. Anhydrous dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2) and triethylamine (NEt 3) were distilled from calcium hydride; anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) was distilled from sodium wire; anhydrous dry toluene was distilled from sodium wire. Solvents used (except for Et 2 O) for reactions, work-up extractions and chromatographic purifications were distilled, unless otherwise stated. Commercial reagents were analytical grade or were purified by standard procedures prior to use. 1 Separation of mixtures was performed by flash chromatography using Kieselgel S 63-100 μm (Riedel-de-Hahn) silica gel with the indicated eluent. Mass spectra were recorded on a VG-70SE mass spectrometer at a nominal accelerating voltage of 70 eV for low resolution and at a nominal resolution of 5000 to 10000 as appropriate for high resolution. Ionisation was effected using electron impact (EI +), fast atom bombardment (FAB +) using 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol as the matrix or chemical ionisation (CI +) using ammonia as a carrier gas. Major and significant fragments are quoted in the form x (y), where x is the mass to charge ratio (m/z) and y is the percentage abundance relative to the base peak (100%). Infrared spectra were obtained using a Perkin Elmer Spectrum 1000 Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer as a thin film between sodium chloride plates. Absorption peaks are reported as wavenumbers (ν, cm-1). NMR spectra were recorded on either a Bruker DRX300 spectrophotometer operating at 300 MHz for 1 H nuclei and 75 MHz for 13 C nuclei, or on a Bruker DRX400 spectrophotometer operating at 400 MHz for 1 H nuclei and 100 MHz for 13 C nuclei, at ambient temperature. 1 H NMR chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) relative to the tetramethylsilane peak (δ 0.00 ppm). 1 H NMR values are reported as chemical shift δ, relative integral, multiplicity (s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; quintet; m, multiplet), coupling constant (J, Hz) and assignment. Coupling constants were taken directly from the spectra. 13 C NMR chemical shifts are reported in ppm relative to the chloroform peak (δ 77.0 ppm). 13 C NMR values are reported as chemical shifts δ, multiplicity and assignment. Assignments were made with the aid of DEPT, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY experiments.
To increase the extent of comparative oral bioavailability (F) value and the diuretic and natriur... more To increase the extent of comparative oral bioavailability (F) value and the diuretic and natriuretic effects of orally administered azosemide, ascorbic acid was coadministered to rats. The rationales for this study are that ascorbic acid might inhibit intestinal first-pass effect of azosemide and might increase the unionized fraction of azosemide at the receptor sites. After oral administration of azosemide (20 mg/kg) with 100 mg of ascorbic acid, the F value (138% vs. 100%), 8-h urinary excretion of azosemide (5.18% vs. 1.32% of oral dose), 8-h urine output (41.3 vs. 23.0 ml), and 8-h urinary excretion of sodium (24.6 vs. 15.3 mmol/kg) were greater than controls (without ascorbic acid). The amount of spiked azosemide remaining after 30 min incubation of 50 mug of azosemide with the 9000 g supernatant fraction of rat small intestine was significantly greater by 100 microg of ascorbic acid (45.3 vs. 40.9 microg) than controls (without ascorbic acid). After oral administration of azosemide with NH4Cl, the urine pH decreased by 0.5 U, and 8-h urine output (25.8 vs. 11.0 ml) and 8-h urinary excretion of sodium (13.3 vs. 6.89 mmol/kg) were significantly greater than controls (without NH4Cl). The increase in F value and diuretic and natriuretic effects of azosemide with coadministration of ascorbic acid seemed to be due to reduced intestinal first-pass metabolism of azosemide, increased urinary excretion of azosemide, and increased unionized fraction of azosemide at the renal tubular receptor sites.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2009
While discriminating between several basic human emotions, such as neutral, joy, sadness, and ang... more While discriminating between several basic human emotions, such as neutral, joy, sadness, and anger, it has been observed that the most difficult emotions to tell apart automatically are between the two states of joy and anger. Since these two emotions have similarities on the arousal scale, it is difficult to distinguish them by simply using pitch and energy related feature measurements. Therefore, in this study, other additional feature parameters, related to voice quality, that are useful for discriminating between the two emotions of joy and anger are focused. For voice quality related features, global statistics of normalized spectral band energy, spectral tilt, open quotient, and first formant bandwidth values, along with their respective slopes and convexities, are measured from the happy and angry emotional speech from a Korean emotional database. From ANOVAtests, parameters of normalized spectral band energy, spectral tilt, and open quotient appear to be useful. Also, slopes and convexities of vo...
In many occupations, reputation or past performance affects the demand for a worker's output, cre... more In many occupations, reputation or past performance affects the demand for a worker's output, creating an incentive to invest in reputation early in a career. This results in a tendency for superior workers to start their career in the mainstream market. The intuition is that, for high ability workers, the returns to investing in reputation is larger in the mass market, while less able ones would avoid the more competitive mainstream by developing their specializations in the fringe market. Some mainstream workers may enter the fringe market once the motive to invest in reputation diminishes later in their careers, but less able workers who start in the fringe are seldom able to return to the mainstream. These results are empirically testable and have potential implications for product markets as well.
Civic Education and citizenship development in Hong Kong……… 4.1.1 Civic Education: A historical a... more Civic Education and citizenship development in Hong Kong……… 4.1.1 Civic Education: A historical account……….……………… 4.1.1.1 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Civic Education from the late 1940s to early 1980s…………………… 4.1.1.2 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Civic Education in the mid-1980s: Guidelines on Civic Education in Schools in 1985………………….………….………. 4.1.1.3 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Civic Education in the mid-1990s: Guidelines on Civic Education in Schools in 1996…………………………….……….. 4.1.1.4 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Civic Education after 1997: Learning for Life, Learning through Life: Reform Proposals for the Education System in Hong Kong in 2000………………….. 4.1.2 Citizenship development in Hong Kong…………………... 4.2 National Education and citizenship development in Communist China………………………………………………………………………………… 4.2.1 National Education: A historical account ………………… 4.2.1.1 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Political Education prior to 1978……………………….………………………… 4.2.1.2 Government policies and subsequent implementations on Patriotic Education beyond 1978…………………………….…………… 4.2.2 Citizenship development in Communist China…………..
Theories and empirical evidence seem to support the argument that better corporate disclosures im... more Theories and empirical evidence seem to support the argument that better corporate disclosures improve liquidity, which is important because it helps lowering cost of capital. Disclosure regulations around the world are enacted to force more timely and equal disclosure from firms, some explicitly states enhancing market liquidity as one of their goals [see Corporate disclosure: Strengthening the financial reporting framework: Department of Treasury 2002, Commonwealth of Australia, p.129]. To improve corporate compliance with these regulations, regulators around the world have made changes to these laws in the recent years and many involved expanding sanctions.1 page(s
2013 13th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS 2013), 2013
ABSTRACT Motion control is an important task in industrial automation systems. And the exact moto... more ABSTRACT Motion control is an important task in industrial automation systems. And the exact motor speed estimation is needed for precise motion control. To obtain the motor speed, linear hall sensor is used in this paper for implementation as a low cost and a simple calculation. Since the linear hall sensor output is sinusoid wave, the measurement equation can be modeled with a sinusoid signal easily. Based on the model, the instrumental variable (IV) method is proposed to estimate the motor frequency in this paper. To prove its performance, the estimation from IV is compared with those from the nominal least squares (NoLS), weighted robust least squares (WRLS), and true value. Experimental results show that the IV method is superior to the NoLS algorithm, and similar with the WRLS algorithm. Moreover, the proposed IV method is useful because it can be applied even if the stochastic properties are unknown or not exact.
Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model organism to study the roles of molecular chaperon... more Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model organism to study the roles of molecular chaperones in cellular processes. C. elegans heat shock protein 70-1 (CeHsp70-1) is the first of the 13-member Hsp70 family genes identified so far in the organism. The protein product of this gene, CeHsp70-1, has been shown to play an important role in conferring thermo-tolerance and longevity on C. elegans. Here, we present the results of the first work to over-express, purify and characterize the ATP hydrolyzing activity of a member of the C. elegans Hsp70s. Recombinant CeHsp70-1 was found to be highly expressed and sufficiently soluble in Escherichia coli. The protein was purified to homogeneity using a combination of nickel affinity, ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Kinetic properties of the basal ATPase activity of the enzyme in a low-salt buffer were determined using a colorimetric assay. The specific activity (V(max) per mg protein), K(m) and k(cat) values obtained for CeHsp70-1 were 25 nmol/min/mg, 50 μM and 0.28 min⁻¹, respectively. The catalytic constant (k(cat)) of the protein was found to be similar to that of heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) and binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP). At low concentrations, CeHsp70-1 existed mostly in its monomeric form. This work provides a platform for kinetic studies of other members of the C. elegans Hsp70 molecular chaperones.
... Page 7. 7 al (1995) report that dispersion does not increase although accuracy falls in a sit... more ... Page 7. 7 al (1995) report that dispersion does not increase although accuracy falls in a situation of option ... Loss firms make poor disclosures (Lang and Lunholm 1996). ... fall within the definition of either 'forced' or 'non-forced' CEO change category, even after cross-...
A new knitted fabric mechanical model was developed using the energy model of knitted loop which ... more A new knitted fabric mechanical model was developed using the energy model of knitted loop which was described in a previous paper [ Textile Res. J. 73(8), 739—748 (2003)]. It was assumed that the shape of the yarn after knitting was curved and had non-linear mechanical properties. In developing the model, the effect of residual torque on yarn was considered. The loops were allowed to rotate such that the geometry of each loop was no longer symmetrical. The new fabric model allowed predictions of both fabric dimensions and wale spirality. Experimental results showed that there was excellent agreement between the calculated and measured values for both course spacing and spirality. For the first time, wale spirality was predicted within a theoretical framework.
Experiments requiring anhydrous conditions were performed under a dry nitrogen or argon atmospher... more Experiments requiring anhydrous conditions were performed under a dry nitrogen or argon atmosphere using oven-or flame-dried apparatus and standard techniques in handling air-and/or moisture-sensitive materials unless otherwise stated. Anhydrous dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2) and triethylamine (NEt 3) were distilled from calcium hydride; anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) was distilled from sodium wire; anhydrous dry toluene was distilled from sodium wire. Solvents used (except for Et 2 O) for reactions, work-up extractions and chromatographic purifications were distilled, unless otherwise stated. Commercial reagents were analytical grade or were purified by standard procedures prior to use. 1 Separation of mixtures was performed by flash chromatography using Kieselgel S 63-100 μm (Riedel-de-Hahn) silica gel with the indicated eluent. Mass spectra were recorded on a VG-70SE mass spectrometer at a nominal accelerating voltage of 70 eV for low resolution and at a nominal resolution of 5000 to 10000 as appropriate for high resolution. Ionisation was effected using electron impact (EI +), fast atom bombardment (FAB +) using 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol as the matrix or chemical ionisation (CI +) using ammonia as a carrier gas. Major and significant fragments are quoted in the form x (y), where x is the mass to charge ratio (m/z) and y is the percentage abundance relative to the base peak (100%). Infrared spectra were obtained using a Perkin Elmer Spectrum 1000 Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer as a thin film between sodium chloride plates. Absorption peaks are reported as wavenumbers (ν, cm-1). NMR spectra were recorded on either a Bruker DRX300 spectrophotometer operating at 300 MHz for 1 H nuclei and 75 MHz for 13 C nuclei, or on a Bruker DRX400 spectrophotometer operating at 400 MHz for 1 H nuclei and 100 MHz for 13 C nuclei, at ambient temperature. 1 H NMR chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) relative to the tetramethylsilane peak (δ 0.00 ppm). 1 H NMR values are reported as chemical shift δ, relative integral, multiplicity (s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; quintet; m, multiplet), coupling constant (J, Hz) and assignment. Coupling constants were taken directly from the spectra. 13 C NMR chemical shifts are reported in ppm relative to the chloroform peak (δ 77.0 ppm). 13 C NMR values are reported as chemical shifts δ, multiplicity and assignment. Assignments were made with the aid of DEPT, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY experiments.
To increase the extent of comparative oral bioavailability (F) value and the diuretic and natriur... more To increase the extent of comparative oral bioavailability (F) value and the diuretic and natriuretic effects of orally administered azosemide, ascorbic acid was coadministered to rats. The rationales for this study are that ascorbic acid might inhibit intestinal first-pass effect of azosemide and might increase the unionized fraction of azosemide at the receptor sites. After oral administration of azosemide (20 mg/kg) with 100 mg of ascorbic acid, the F value (138% vs. 100%), 8-h urinary excretion of azosemide (5.18% vs. 1.32% of oral dose), 8-h urine output (41.3 vs. 23.0 ml), and 8-h urinary excretion of sodium (24.6 vs. 15.3 mmol/kg) were greater than controls (without ascorbic acid). The amount of spiked azosemide remaining after 30 min incubation of 50 mug of azosemide with the 9000 g supernatant fraction of rat small intestine was significantly greater by 100 microg of ascorbic acid (45.3 vs. 40.9 microg) than controls (without ascorbic acid). After oral administration of azosemide with NH4Cl, the urine pH decreased by 0.5 U, and 8-h urine output (25.8 vs. 11.0 ml) and 8-h urinary excretion of sodium (13.3 vs. 6.89 mmol/kg) were significantly greater than controls (without NH4Cl). The increase in F value and diuretic and natriuretic effects of azosemide with coadministration of ascorbic acid seemed to be due to reduced intestinal first-pass metabolism of azosemide, increased urinary excretion of azosemide, and increased unionized fraction of azosemide at the renal tubular receptor sites.
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2009
While discriminating between several basic human emotions, such as neutral, joy, sadness, and ang... more While discriminating between several basic human emotions, such as neutral, joy, sadness, and anger, it has been observed that the most difficult emotions to tell apart automatically are between the two states of joy and anger. Since these two emotions have similarities on the arousal scale, it is difficult to distinguish them by simply using pitch and energy related feature measurements. Therefore, in this study, other additional feature parameters, related to voice quality, that are useful for discriminating between the two emotions of joy and anger are focused. For voice quality related features, global statistics of normalized spectral band energy, spectral tilt, open quotient, and first formant bandwidth values, along with their respective slopes and convexities, are measured from the happy and angry emotional speech from a Korean emotional database. From ANOVAtests, parameters of normalized spectral band energy, spectral tilt, and open quotient appear to be useful. Also, slopes and convexities of vo...
In many occupations, reputation or past performance affects the demand for a worker's output, cre... more In many occupations, reputation or past performance affects the demand for a worker's output, creating an incentive to invest in reputation early in a career. This results in a tendency for superior workers to start their career in the mainstream market. The intuition is that, for high ability workers, the returns to investing in reputation is larger in the mass market, while less able ones would avoid the more competitive mainstream by developing their specializations in the fringe market. Some mainstream workers may enter the fringe market once the motive to invest in reputation diminishes later in their careers, but less able workers who start in the fringe are seldom able to return to the mainstream. These results are empirically testable and have potential implications for product markets as well.
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Papers by Ka Shing Choi