Papers by Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel
A Scientific Review, 2013
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 2012
Research on medicinal plants began to focus on discovery of natural products as potential active ... more Research on medicinal plants began to focus on discovery of natural products as potential active principles against various diseases. Medicinal plants are very interesting, have the ability to produce remarkable chemical structures with diverse biological activities. Biophytum sensitivum is used as traditional medicine to cure variety of diseases. During the last few decades, extensive research has been carried out to elucidate the chemistry, biological activities, and medicinal applications of B. sensitivum. Phytochemical analysis have shown that the plant parts are rich in various beneficial compounds which include amentoflavone, cupressuflavone, and isoorientin. Extracts and its bioactive compounds have been known to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, radioprotective, chemoprotective, antimetastatic, antiangiogenesis, wound-healing, immunomodulation, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective activity. The present review has been carried out to shed light on the diverse role of this plant in the management of various ailments facing us.
Cancer disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The main reason for such high mortality fro... more Cancer disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The main reason for such high mortality from cancer is due to the highly invasive behavior of cancer cells, which usually results in metastasis. Metastasis is a process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body through blood circulation and lymphatic system. Metastasis is an extremely complex process that remains to be a major problem in the management of cancer. Countering metastatic cancer and development of novel with effective therapies were always in the priority list of cancer researchers. Therapeutic goals are the prevention of an initial metastasis in high-risk patients, shrinkage of established lesions and prevention of additional metastases in patients with limited disease. Though many pathways have been hypothesized, regulation of metastasis by oncogenes is considered as an important one. Role of oncogenes in inducing metastasis is becoming stronger day by day. Oncogenes induced replication stress and associated DNA damage results in genomic instability that alter the gene regulation which regulates metastatic potential of cancer cells. Since most of the oncogenes also functions as transcription factors, they are able to modify the genomic regulation in favor of metastasis. In this review we have focused on recent findings about important oncogenes and how they regulate metastasis.
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate Zingiber officinale paste against Dalton's l... more The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate Zingiber officinale paste against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA)-induced tumours in Swiss albino mice. Experimental animals received Z. officinale paste (low dose 100 mg/kg bw and high dose 500 mg/kg bw) orally for eight alternative days. Treatment with Z. officinale paste showed significant increase in haemoglobin level and decrease in aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) level. Z. officinale paste reduced the inflammatory mediators and cytokine levels, such as inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), tumour necrosis factor level (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Treatment with Z. officinale paste also significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme level, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione transferase (GST), and decreased the lipid peroxidation. Treatment also increased the vitamin C and E levels in treated animals compared with the DLA-bearing host. Histopathological studies also confirmed the protective influence of Z. officinale paste against DLA. The present study suggested that Z. officinale paste could be used as natural spice and a potent antitumour agent.
Cisplatin (CP) is an important chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of a wide variety of ... more Cisplatin (CP) is an important chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of a wide variety of solid tumors. However, clinical use of CP has been limited due to its adverse effect of nephrotoxicity. In the present study, we evaluate the nephroprotective effect of Bauhinia tomentosa against CP-induced renal damage in rats. Administration of methonolic extract of B. tomentosa (250 mg/kg b.w.) results in a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, treatment with B. tomentosa increased body weight and relative organ weight when compared with that of the CP-induced control group. Moreover, treatment with B. tomentosa extract significantly decreased lipid peroxidation (LPO), serum urea, and creatinine when compared with the CP-induced control group. Thus, the present study highlights the potential role of B. tomentosa and its use as a new protective strategy against CP-induced nephrotoxicity
Metastasis is one of the hallmarks of malignant neoplasm or cancer, which is the leading cause of... more Metastasis is one of the hallmarks of malignant neoplasm or cancer, which is the leading cause of death in many cancer patients. A major challenge in cancer treatment is to find better ways to specifically target tumor metastases. In this study, the anti-metastatic potential of the methanol extract of Solanum muricatum (S. muricatum) was evaluated using B16F-10 melanoma cell-induced lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with S. muricatum significantly inhibited the lung tumor nodule formation and reduced the lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and uronic acid levels (p<0.01). Similarly, serum sialic acid and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were also significantly inhibited after S. muricatum treatment. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-2 in serum were significantly regulated after treatment with S. muricatum. The serum nitric oxide level was also decreased significantly and was accompanied by a decrease in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions after S. muricatum treatment. The present study reveals that S. muricatum treatment was able to alter the proinflammatory cytokine production as well as inhibit the activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (p65 and p50) subunits.
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is commonly used as antica... more Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is commonly used as anticancer drug which causes toxicity by its reactive metabolites such as acroline and phosphoramide mustard. In this study, Cuscuta chinensis (C. chinensis) (family: Convolvulaceae) was assessed for ability to restore mice against CTX-induced toxicity. Coadministration of C. chinensis extract (10 mg/kg BW, IP, daily) for ten consecutive days reduced CTX-induced (25 mg/kg BW, IP, daily) toxicity. Treatment with C. chinensis extract significantly (p<0.01) increased the relative organ weight and body weight. Moreover, administration of C. chinensis extract significantly increased bone marrow cellulatity and αesterase activity in CTX-treated mice which suggested its protective role on the hematopoietic system. The GSH content was drastically reduced by CTX administration in urinary bladder which was enhanced by treatment with C. chinensis extract, indicating that preventing acroline-mediated tissue damage or cell toxicity and also the extract decreased the urinary bladder nitric oxide (NO) level which proves recovery over urinary tract injury associated with CTX treatment. The administration of C. chinensis extract decreased serum urea, creatinine, and bilirubin levels when compared to CTX-alone-treated group. Histopathological analysis of the urinary bladder of CTX-alone-treated group showed necrotic damage whereas the C. chinensis-treated group showed normal bladder architecture. The above data clearly demonstrates chemoprotective role of C. chinensis against CTX-induced toxicities by regulating antioxidant and inflammatory mediators.
Inflammation is a local defensive reaction of a host to cellular injury or infection. Prolonged i... more Inflammation is a local defensive reaction of a host to cellular injury or infection. Prolonged inflammation can contribute to pathogenesis of many disorders. Identification of naturally occurring phytoconstituents that can suppress inflammatory mediators can lead to the discovery of anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Acacia ferruginea is used traditionally to treat numerous ailments including hemorrhage, irritable bowel syndrome and leprosy. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of A. ferruginea extract against acute (carrageenan) and chronic (formaldehyde) inflammation in Balb/c mice. Pre-treatment with A. ferruginea extract (10 mg/kg BW) for 5 consecutive days via intraperitonial (IP) administration significantly inhibited subsequent induction of paw edema in both models; the effects were comparable to that of the standard drug indomethacin. The results also showed the A. ferruginea extract significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and iNOS expression (as measured in serum), diminished inflammation in -and neutrophil infiltration to -the paw tissues and led to a reduction in the number of COX-2 + immunoreative cells (as evidenced by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses) in the paws relative to those in paws of mice that received the irritants only. Further, in vitro studies showed the extract could significantly scavenge free radicals generated as in DPPH and NO radical generating assays. Taken together, the results showed that A. ferruginea extract imparted potent anti-oxidant and -inflammatory effects, in part by maintaining oxidative homeostasis, inhibiting NO synthesis and suppressing iNOS and COX-2 expression and so could potentially be exploited as a potential plant-based medication against inflammatory disorders. Journal of Immunotoxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 180.215.79.171 on 03/04/15 For personal use only. 2 K. M. Sakthivel and C. Guruvayoorappan J Immunotoxicol, Early Online: 1-9 Journal of Immunotoxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 180.215.79.171 on 03/04/15 For personal use only. 4 K. M. Sakthivel and C. Guruvayoorappan J Immunotoxicol, Early Online: 1-9 Journal of Immunotoxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 180.215.79.171 on 03/04/15 For personal use only. Journal of Immunotoxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 180.215.79.171 on 03/04/15 For personal use only. 6 K. M. Sakthivel and C. Guruvayoorappan J Immunotoxicol, Early Online: 1-9 Journal of Immunotoxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 180.215.79.171 on 03/04/15 For personal use only. References Bachaya, H. A., Iqbal, Z., and Khan, M. N. 2009. Anthelmintic activity of Ziziphus nummularia (bark) and Acacia nilotica (fruit) against Journal of Immunotoxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 180.215.79.171 on 03/04/15 For personal use only. 8 K. M. Sakthivel and C. Guruvayoorappan J Immunotoxicol, Early Online: 1-9 Journal of Immunotoxicology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 180.215.79.171 on 03/04/15
Shampoo is a hair care product packed in a convenient way for use function of shampoo is to clean... more Shampoo is a hair care product packed in a convenient way for use function of shampoo is to clean the hair, removal of oils, dirts, scalp debris and accumulated sebum. Formulation of shampoo must be safe and efficient for long use. The major objective of the present study was to formulat ingredients and substitut consists of fenugreek, hibiscus, henna, lemon, vettiver, neeliamari, velvet flower, aswagan shikkakai, karisilaankanni, thulsi, amla, brahmi and rose petals in appropriate ratio. The following evaluation tests were carried out and surface characterization analysis using have been used since long time in several formulations the present investigation will certainly help in standardization of good quality and purity of herbal shampoo powder. F formulate a complete herbal shampoo that is better than available synthetic shampoos.
We report here the synthesis of some new pyrimidin-2-amines and their anti-inflammatory activity ... more We report here the synthesis of some new pyrimidin-2-amines and their anti-inflammatory activity against Balb/c mice with locally induced edema. Spectral characterization of the compounds is explained. The better drug candidate is optimized among the tested compounds. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity, Pyrimidin-2-amines, Paw edema _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Israel V. M. V. Enoch et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2014, 6(10):593-606 ______________________________________________________________________________
In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of A. ferruginea extract against ulcerat... more In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of A. ferruginea extract against ulcerative colitis (UC). Male Wistar rats received A. ferruginea extract (10 mg/kg body weight) or sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg body weight) for 5 consecutive days before inducing UC via intrarectal acetic acid (3%) administration. Colonic mucosal injury was assessed by macroscopic scoring, vascular permeability testing, and histopathological examination. The mucosal contents of glutathione, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide were evaluated as parameters for the redox state. Inflammatory response was determined by measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2) expression. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) were measured using ELISA. Transcription factor profiling of nuclear factor (NF)-κB subunits (p65/p50) was also conducted using ELISA. All of the relevant parameters were altered in rats with UC, and these parameters improved in animals that received A. ferruginea extract. Colonic mucosal injury parallels antioxidant and anti-inflammatory evaluations, and A. ferruginea extract was considered comparable to the standard treatment drug sulfasalazine. Histopathological studies confirmed these findings. A. ferruginea extract inhibited the activation and translocation of transcription factors, that is, NF-κB subunits (p65/p50). The results of our investigation clearly indicate that treatment with A. ferruginea extract exerted a marked protective effect against experimental UC via modulation of oxidant/anti-oxidant balance and inhibition of inflammatory mediators.
Context: Traditionally, Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC (Oxalidaceae) is used in Indian medicine to ... more Context: Traditionally, Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC (Oxalidaceae) is used in Indian medicine to treat diseases include stomachache, convulsions, cramps, inflammation, and ulcer. Objective: The present study examines the effect of aerial parts of B. sensitivum (methanol extract) on a murine model of ulcerative colitis (UC). Materials and methods: UC was induced by intracolonic injection of 3% acetic acid in Wistar rats. B. sensitivum (50 or 100 mg/kg b wt) or reference drug sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg b wt) was administrated intra-peritoneally for 5 consecutive days before induction of colitis. Results: In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that the administration of B. sensitivum (50 mg/kg b wt) was found to inhibit colitis by lowering macroscopic score (up to 3.66 ± 0.77) and also showed significant reduction (p50.01) in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities. Furthermore, a significant reduction (p50.01) in mucosal content of lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) confirms that B. sensitivum could significantly inhibit colitis. The study showed significant reduction (p50.01) in colonic tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1-b (IL-1b), and IL-6 levels as well as the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) after treatment compared with the colitis control group. The histopathological study also confirms the foregoing findings. Treatment with B. sensitivum was also able to inhibit the activation and translocation of transcription factors, nuclear factor (NF)-kB subunits (p65/p50). Conclusion: These results suggest that B. sensitivum exhibits protective effect against acetic acid-induced UC.
Cyclophosphamide (CTX), commonly used as an anti-neoplastic drug, can cause adverse sideeffects i... more Cyclophosphamide (CTX), commonly used as an anti-neoplastic drug, can cause adverse sideeffects including immunotoxicity and urotoxicity. Increasingly, plants have become sources of therapeutics that can help to restore host immunity to normal. In this study, Acacia ferruginea was assessed for an ability to protect mice against/mitigate CTX-induced toxicity. Coadministration of an extract of A. ferruginea (10 mg/kg BW, IP daily) for 10 consecutive days reduced CTX (25 mg/kg BW, IP daily)-induced toxicity. Apart from improvements in bladder and small intestine morphology, there was marked improvement in anti-oxidant (glutathione) levels in the bladder, suggesting a role for the anti-oxidant in reducing CTX-induced urotoxicity. Moreover, use of the extract significantly increased total leukocyte counts and bone marrow cellularity/-esterase activity in CTX-treated mice which suggested a protective effect on the hematopoietic system. Co-treatment with the extract also prevented decreases in organ (liver, kidney, spleen, thymus) weight as well as body weight, thereby seemingly lessening the potential impact of CTX on the host immune system. Further, CTX-induced increases in serum aspartate transanimase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were reversed by extract co-treatment, as were alterations in in situ formation/release of interferon (IFN)-, interleukin (IL)-2, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-. Overall, this study indicated there were some protective effects from use of an extract of A.ferruginea against CTX-induced toxicities, in part through modulation of levels of anti-oxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Papers by Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel