Always best connected services (ABC) allow multimode mobile terminals to stay connected to the be... more Always best connected services (ABC) allow multimode mobile terminals to stay connected to the best available networks, at anytime according to user preferences. One of the key aspects in realizing such ABC service is mainly attributed to an effective and dynamic access network selection process. However, most of the previous works consider the access network selection process as a static optimization problem which fails to address the dynamic QoS conditions intrinsic in wireless networks. One of the main challenges remaining is to find an efficient way of obtaining dynamic QoS parameters such as available bandwidth. In this paper, propose a novel dynamic access network selection algorithm capable of adapting to prevailing network conditions. Proposed algorithm is an estimation process where network selection in heterogeneous wireless environment (WiMAX & WLAN) performed using available bandwidth estimation relies on dynamic parameters designed using.net. Keywords: WLAN, WiMAX, Hete...
In recent years, the home environment has seen a rapid increase in usage of network enabled digit... more In recent years, the home environment has seen a rapid increase in usage of network enabled digital technologies that offer new and exciting opportunities to increase the connectivity of devices within the home environment for the purpose of home automation. One of such digital technologies is known as ZigBee which is a recent wireless standard based on IEEE 802.15.4 used for Personal Area Networks. ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications, the low powerusage allows longer life with smaller batteries, and the mesh networking provides high reliability and larger range. This paper provides the performance analysis of different wireless mobile ad hoc routing protocols like OLSR INRIA, OLSRv2 NAGATA, ZRP, AODV and DYMO based on their effect on the quality of service by using CBR application in Zigbee home automation network using static IEEE 802.15.4. The Q...
2018 4th International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation (ICCCA)
Today, mobile terminals are equipped with multi-channel and multiple access interfaces for any ki... more Today, mobile terminals are equipped with multi-channel and multiple access interfaces for any kind of applications (or services). The combination of these access technologies needs an intelligent control to interface the best channel, interface/ access or link for best services. The interface management system manages the same environment of different nodes or networks equipped with the different resources. In interface management, an arrangement is used to assign channels to interfaces in the multi-channel multi-interface environment. The effective use of multiple channels is the main function of interface management when the channels per node are lesser than interfaces. Many strategies have been proposed in the literature based on different environment and different attributes. In this paper, we survey and discuss diverse approaches. After analyzing these techniques and identified their advantages and limitations, it is recommended that artificial intelligence could be a promising direction for research work in this area.
An analytical model of surface potential and threshold voltage for gate all around silicon nanowi... more An analytical model of surface potential and threshold voltage for gate all around silicon nanowire MOSFETs (GAA Si-NW-MOSFET) has been proposed for low power applications. The architecture of the proposed device is based on symmetry gate oxide silicon nanowire MOSFETs which reduces the OFF state leakage current. Analytical modeling of various parameters such as threshold voltage, center and surface potential along the channel length has been calculated with the possion equation in suitable boundary conditions. Further comparative analysis of SCEs for GAA-Si-MOSFETs of different silicon thickness tSi = 10 nm, 8nm, 5nm respectively has been analyzed respectively. Results reveled that the reduction of silicon thickness yields better result in terms of ON/OFF current, subthreshold slope, DIBL, VTH respectively and effects of various physical parameters such as radius of silicon (tSi), gate oxide thickness (tox) on the surface potential and threshold voltage analyzed. It has been observ...
A novel audio watermarking algorithm is proposed in this paper for audio copyright protection. Th... more A novel audio watermarking algorithm is proposed in this paper for audio copyright protection. This algorithm embeds the watermark data into original audio signal using DCT and choosing random carrier which yields the high PSNR as 61.56 dB. By choosing random carriers instead of fixed, protects the watermark from the common attacks like compression, re-quantization, echo effect, cropping and low pass filtering with high PSNR. Audio watermarking shows low embedding time with our algorithm which is a basic requirement for real time processing. In addition an ASCII key is also provided to enhance the protection of the watermark.
In current energy production and distribution system, a smart energy meter has been a significant... more In current energy production and distribution system, a smart energy meter has been a significant conceptual paradigm. There is a dire requirement to make energy usage more efficient and effective due to limited nonrenewable energy resources and renewable energies (REs) available at high cost. It creates a critical environment for future economic developments and social improvements such as smart cities. In recent years, numbers of smart meters are being installed in residential areas and other sites of smart cities. Smart meters are capable to provide numerous informative recordings of electricity consumption along with accurate processing of billing, Automated Meter Reading (AMR) data processing, detection of energy theft and early warning of blackouts, fast detection of turbulences in energy supply, real time pricing updates, and Demand Response (DR) system for energy saving and efficient usage of energy generated. To take full benefit of smart metering intelligence, numbers of technical issues are required to be addressed. The major concern is to work with very large volume of data. There is a need to develop efficient data fusion and integration techniques. Numerous big data integration and analytics engines are required, which can perform tasks such as outage management, asset management and fault detection especially in case of DR system, customer segmenting, load forecasting and targeting. Data analytic approaches transform volume of data into actionable information for consumers, utilities and authorities. Although numerous analytical algorithms are available, which can process huge volume of data, but many of these are not capable to complete task sufficiently. A few research procedures have been accounted for on investigating streaming data, but still needs a lot of work to be done in making these commercially reasonable. In this chapter, smart energy meters’ data analytics framework is proposed by employing latest data processing techniques/tools along with gamification approach for enhancing consumers’ engagement. Benefits of smart energy meter’s analytics are also discussed for motivating consumers, utilities and stakeholders. Researchers, utilities, authorities can take benefits from proposed algorithm by planning their future action with supplementary participation of real time consumers due to gamification approach. By gamification, consumers’ engagement improves and it alters their less sustainable behavior on a voluntary basis.
In this paper; we propose a highly consistent ECG analysis and classification method using suppor... more In this paper; we propose a highly consistent ECG analysis and classification method using support vector machine. This method is composed of 3 stages including ECG signal preprocessing, feature selection and classification. We have developed a hybrid technique which performs the classification between normal and abnormal ECG. Different features are extracted from human ECG signals using differentfeature extraction techniques. Output of these algorithms is further given to SVM classifier to get it train so that it can accurately classify the test signals between normal and abnormal. The more data is trained; more accuracy will be given. Extracted features mean and kurtosis when classified with SVM-Linear, SVM-Quad, SVM-RBF, SVM-Polynomial gives 100% accuracy; when PCA features skewness & kurtosis, energy & correlation are used with SVM it leads to misclassification of some signals. This technique gives the accurate results but the final decision is made after consultation with medic...
Frequency spectrum is the scarce resource and need to be optimally used in Global System for Mobi... more Frequency spectrum is the scarce resource and need to be optimally used in Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) network. Every operator has a limited frequency band & operator has to plan the network with this limited band. There are various methods for frequency planning. This paper proposes an innovative approach for Automatic Frequency Planning (AFP) for an existing network. In this method, dummy network same as running network is created and then calculated its interference on the basis of allocated frequencies. After calculating interference, automatic new frequency plan proposes to improve exiting interference in network. The proposed approach replaces the current tedious and inaccurate manual process. With this overall GSM network performance & interference reduces significantly.
Wireless mesh technology is one of the most advanced technologies and can be viewed as the techno... more Wireless mesh technology is one of the most advanced technologies and can be viewed as the technology of the future. A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has been formed by connection of number of wireless access points. It is designed to communicate between nodes using the air interface organized in mesh topology and it is a self-forming, self-configuring and multi-hop network. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of WMN in terms of average end to end delay, throughput and jitter by implementing the CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic between nodes. Results showed that number of packets transmitted has a direct influence on the QoS metrics of the WMN.
Third Generation (3G) mobile devices and services will transform wireless communications into on-... more Third Generation (3G) mobile devices and services will transform wireless communications into on-line, real-time connectivity. 3G wireless technology will allow an individual to have immediate access to location-specific services that offer information on demand. 3G wireless systems such as 3G-1X, 1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV provide support for a variety of high-speed data applications. The success of these services critically relies on the capability to ensure an adequate QoS experience to users at an affordable price. The traffic being transferred within 3G mobile networks will be composed by different information flows with various constraints on the required QoS (bit rate, delays, etc.). In this paper, we give an evaluation of the performance of 3G networks when providing access to voice and data services. In particular, we analyze through simulations a typical scenario where voice and data services affect the packet traffic in 3G system approach. KEYWORDSQoS, WCDMA, UMTS, Packet Traffic.
Games are ordered activities, generally undertaken for recreation. The design elements of these g... more Games are ordered activities, generally undertaken for recreation. The design elements of these games are being used by people all around the planet to make this world a better place. The opportunities for gamification are being discussed in this chapter along with the use of a decision-making method as both have been applied to the study using a local running mobile application as platform for encouraging students enrolled in various educational institutions to promote avoidance of mess food wastage and in gaining confidence to integrate to use this approach to fight the cause of this global malady in their everyday life. The overarching issue of student mentality about food wastage is being discussed along with how to merge gamification with digital technology in this aspect and its participatory design. This provides the background for addressing points of using a gameful system to foster empowerment and connection among the students of NIT Jalandhar where this case was studied a...
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2021
The two prime elements that govern future wireless communications are energy efficiency and effic... more The two prime elements that govern future wireless communications are energy efficiency and efficient spectrum utilization. To accomplish these objectives, various emerging technologies have been suggested by the research and industrial communities. Recently, Cognitive Radio (CR) has evolved as the most promising next-generation communication technology that has the potential to use bandwidth most efficiently as compare to the existing cellular communication technologies. The performance of the CR system largely depends upon the accuracy of the sensing results. However, the sensing ambiguities such as false alarm and miss detection lead to spectrum underutilization and severe interference to the primary user, respectively. In this paper, the issue has been addressed by modifying the conventional frame structure by introducing two sensing slots along with a transmission slot to overcome sensing ambiguities. For the targeted probability of detection, the first sensing slot is kept sma...
With the spread of the coronavirus, an unprecedented number of students around the world are not ... more With the spread of the coronavirus, an unprecedented number of students around the world are not able to go to schools, colleges and universities to stop the spread of pandemic COVID-19. The epidemic is expected to have enormous economic concerns and it is also having devastating effects on global education. With the rapid spread of the coronavirus, educational institutions around the world are making a radical decision to switch from traditional face-to-face course content deliveries to online content delivery. This is a major paradigm shift that will potentially reshape the future of Indian education system with the accelerated adoption of digital technology. The COVID-19 situation is a blessing in disguise to experiment with new tools and technologies to make education delivery meaningful to the students who cannot go to campuses. It’s an opportunity to be more knowledgeable and to be more productive while developing new skill sets and accelerated professional skills through online learning and assessment. In this chapter, we have reviewed the educational challenges and opportunities posed by the unexpected outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic followed by the discussion on the recalibration of the Indian educational system after COVID-19. Various readily available platforms for the adoption of digital/online learning are explored and discussed in detail. In the chapter end, some recommendations are made for the betterment of the Indian education system after COVID-19.
AI Techniques for Reliability Prediction for Electronic Components
Wireless communication/networks are developing into very complex systems because of different req... more Wireless communication/networks are developing into very complex systems because of different requirements and applications of consumers. Today, mobile terminals are equipped with multi-channel and multiple access interfaces for different kinds of applications (or services). The combination of these access technologies needs an intelligent control to interface the best channel, interface/access or link for best services. In interface management, an arrangement is used to assign channels to interfaces in the multi-channel multi-interface environment. Artificial intelligence is one of the upcoming areas with different techniques which is used now a days to meet user's requirements. Quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) are the performance parameters on which the success of any technique depends upon. Reliability of any system plays an important role in user satisfaction. This chapter shows some of the artificial techniques that can be used to make a reliable sys...
Background: With the availability of multiple options in wireless network simultaneously, Always ... more Background: With the availability of multiple options in wireless network simultaneously, Always Best Connected (ABC) requires dynamic selection of the best network and access technologies. Objective: In this paper, a novel dynamic access network selection algorithm based on the real time is proposed. The available bandwidth (ABW) of each network is required to be estimated to solve the network selection problem. Method: Proposed algorithm estimates available bandwidth by taking averages, peaks, low points and bootstrap approximation for network selection. It monitors real-time internet connection and resolves the selection issue in internet connection. The proposed algorithm is capable of adapting to prevailing network conditions in heterogeneous environment of 2G, 3G and WLAN networks without user intervention. It is implemented in temporal and spatial domains to check its robustness. Estimation error, overhead, estimation time with the varying size of traffic and reliability are ...
Always best connected services (ABC) allow multimode mobile terminals to stay connected to the be... more Always best connected services (ABC) allow multimode mobile terminals to stay connected to the best available networks, at anytime according to user preferences. One of the key aspects in realizing such ABC service is mainly attributed to an effective and dynamic access network selection process. However, most of the previous works consider the access network selection process as a static optimization problem which fails to address the dynamic QoS conditions intrinsic in wireless networks. One of the main challenges remaining is to find an efficient way of obtaining dynamic QoS parameters such as available bandwidth. In this paper, propose a novel dynamic access network selection algorithm capable of adapting to prevailing network conditions. Proposed algorithm is an estimation process where network selection in heterogeneous wireless environment (WiMAX & WLAN) performed using available bandwidth estimation relies on dynamic parameters designed using.net. Keywords: WLAN, WiMAX, Hete...
In recent years, the home environment has seen a rapid increase in usage of network enabled digit... more In recent years, the home environment has seen a rapid increase in usage of network enabled digital technologies that offer new and exciting opportunities to increase the connectivity of devices within the home environment for the purpose of home automation. One of such digital technologies is known as ZigBee which is a recent wireless standard based on IEEE 802.15.4 used for Personal Area Networks. ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications, the low powerusage allows longer life with smaller batteries, and the mesh networking provides high reliability and larger range. This paper provides the performance analysis of different wireless mobile ad hoc routing protocols like OLSR INRIA, OLSRv2 NAGATA, ZRP, AODV and DYMO based on their effect on the quality of service by using CBR application in Zigbee home automation network using static IEEE 802.15.4. The Q...
2018 4th International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation (ICCCA)
Today, mobile terminals are equipped with multi-channel and multiple access interfaces for any ki... more Today, mobile terminals are equipped with multi-channel and multiple access interfaces for any kind of applications (or services). The combination of these access technologies needs an intelligent control to interface the best channel, interface/ access or link for best services. The interface management system manages the same environment of different nodes or networks equipped with the different resources. In interface management, an arrangement is used to assign channels to interfaces in the multi-channel multi-interface environment. The effective use of multiple channels is the main function of interface management when the channels per node are lesser than interfaces. Many strategies have been proposed in the literature based on different environment and different attributes. In this paper, we survey and discuss diverse approaches. After analyzing these techniques and identified their advantages and limitations, it is recommended that artificial intelligence could be a promising direction for research work in this area.
An analytical model of surface potential and threshold voltage for gate all around silicon nanowi... more An analytical model of surface potential and threshold voltage for gate all around silicon nanowire MOSFETs (GAA Si-NW-MOSFET) has been proposed for low power applications. The architecture of the proposed device is based on symmetry gate oxide silicon nanowire MOSFETs which reduces the OFF state leakage current. Analytical modeling of various parameters such as threshold voltage, center and surface potential along the channel length has been calculated with the possion equation in suitable boundary conditions. Further comparative analysis of SCEs for GAA-Si-MOSFETs of different silicon thickness tSi = 10 nm, 8nm, 5nm respectively has been analyzed respectively. Results reveled that the reduction of silicon thickness yields better result in terms of ON/OFF current, subthreshold slope, DIBL, VTH respectively and effects of various physical parameters such as radius of silicon (tSi), gate oxide thickness (tox) on the surface potential and threshold voltage analyzed. It has been observ...
A novel audio watermarking algorithm is proposed in this paper for audio copyright protection. Th... more A novel audio watermarking algorithm is proposed in this paper for audio copyright protection. This algorithm embeds the watermark data into original audio signal using DCT and choosing random carrier which yields the high PSNR as 61.56 dB. By choosing random carriers instead of fixed, protects the watermark from the common attacks like compression, re-quantization, echo effect, cropping and low pass filtering with high PSNR. Audio watermarking shows low embedding time with our algorithm which is a basic requirement for real time processing. In addition an ASCII key is also provided to enhance the protection of the watermark.
In current energy production and distribution system, a smart energy meter has been a significant... more In current energy production and distribution system, a smart energy meter has been a significant conceptual paradigm. There is a dire requirement to make energy usage more efficient and effective due to limited nonrenewable energy resources and renewable energies (REs) available at high cost. It creates a critical environment for future economic developments and social improvements such as smart cities. In recent years, numbers of smart meters are being installed in residential areas and other sites of smart cities. Smart meters are capable to provide numerous informative recordings of electricity consumption along with accurate processing of billing, Automated Meter Reading (AMR) data processing, detection of energy theft and early warning of blackouts, fast detection of turbulences in energy supply, real time pricing updates, and Demand Response (DR) system for energy saving and efficient usage of energy generated. To take full benefit of smart metering intelligence, numbers of technical issues are required to be addressed. The major concern is to work with very large volume of data. There is a need to develop efficient data fusion and integration techniques. Numerous big data integration and analytics engines are required, which can perform tasks such as outage management, asset management and fault detection especially in case of DR system, customer segmenting, load forecasting and targeting. Data analytic approaches transform volume of data into actionable information for consumers, utilities and authorities. Although numerous analytical algorithms are available, which can process huge volume of data, but many of these are not capable to complete task sufficiently. A few research procedures have been accounted for on investigating streaming data, but still needs a lot of work to be done in making these commercially reasonable. In this chapter, smart energy meters’ data analytics framework is proposed by employing latest data processing techniques/tools along with gamification approach for enhancing consumers’ engagement. Benefits of smart energy meter’s analytics are also discussed for motivating consumers, utilities and stakeholders. Researchers, utilities, authorities can take benefits from proposed algorithm by planning their future action with supplementary participation of real time consumers due to gamification approach. By gamification, consumers’ engagement improves and it alters their less sustainable behavior on a voluntary basis.
In this paper; we propose a highly consistent ECG analysis and classification method using suppor... more In this paper; we propose a highly consistent ECG analysis and classification method using support vector machine. This method is composed of 3 stages including ECG signal preprocessing, feature selection and classification. We have developed a hybrid technique which performs the classification between normal and abnormal ECG. Different features are extracted from human ECG signals using differentfeature extraction techniques. Output of these algorithms is further given to SVM classifier to get it train so that it can accurately classify the test signals between normal and abnormal. The more data is trained; more accuracy will be given. Extracted features mean and kurtosis when classified with SVM-Linear, SVM-Quad, SVM-RBF, SVM-Polynomial gives 100% accuracy; when PCA features skewness & kurtosis, energy & correlation are used with SVM it leads to misclassification of some signals. This technique gives the accurate results but the final decision is made after consultation with medic...
Frequency spectrum is the scarce resource and need to be optimally used in Global System for Mobi... more Frequency spectrum is the scarce resource and need to be optimally used in Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) network. Every operator has a limited frequency band & operator has to plan the network with this limited band. There are various methods for frequency planning. This paper proposes an innovative approach for Automatic Frequency Planning (AFP) for an existing network. In this method, dummy network same as running network is created and then calculated its interference on the basis of allocated frequencies. After calculating interference, automatic new frequency plan proposes to improve exiting interference in network. The proposed approach replaces the current tedious and inaccurate manual process. With this overall GSM network performance & interference reduces significantly.
Wireless mesh technology is one of the most advanced technologies and can be viewed as the techno... more Wireless mesh technology is one of the most advanced technologies and can be viewed as the technology of the future. A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has been formed by connection of number of wireless access points. It is designed to communicate between nodes using the air interface organized in mesh topology and it is a self-forming, self-configuring and multi-hop network. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of WMN in terms of average end to end delay, throughput and jitter by implementing the CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic between nodes. Results showed that number of packets transmitted has a direct influence on the QoS metrics of the WMN.
Third Generation (3G) mobile devices and services will transform wireless communications into on-... more Third Generation (3G) mobile devices and services will transform wireless communications into on-line, real-time connectivity. 3G wireless technology will allow an individual to have immediate access to location-specific services that offer information on demand. 3G wireless systems such as 3G-1X, 1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV provide support for a variety of high-speed data applications. The success of these services critically relies on the capability to ensure an adequate QoS experience to users at an affordable price. The traffic being transferred within 3G mobile networks will be composed by different information flows with various constraints on the required QoS (bit rate, delays, etc.). In this paper, we give an evaluation of the performance of 3G networks when providing access to voice and data services. In particular, we analyze through simulations a typical scenario where voice and data services affect the packet traffic in 3G system approach. KEYWORDSQoS, WCDMA, UMTS, Packet Traffic.
Games are ordered activities, generally undertaken for recreation. The design elements of these g... more Games are ordered activities, generally undertaken for recreation. The design elements of these games are being used by people all around the planet to make this world a better place. The opportunities for gamification are being discussed in this chapter along with the use of a decision-making method as both have been applied to the study using a local running mobile application as platform for encouraging students enrolled in various educational institutions to promote avoidance of mess food wastage and in gaining confidence to integrate to use this approach to fight the cause of this global malady in their everyday life. The overarching issue of student mentality about food wastage is being discussed along with how to merge gamification with digital technology in this aspect and its participatory design. This provides the background for addressing points of using a gameful system to foster empowerment and connection among the students of NIT Jalandhar where this case was studied a...
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2021
The two prime elements that govern future wireless communications are energy efficiency and effic... more The two prime elements that govern future wireless communications are energy efficiency and efficient spectrum utilization. To accomplish these objectives, various emerging technologies have been suggested by the research and industrial communities. Recently, Cognitive Radio (CR) has evolved as the most promising next-generation communication technology that has the potential to use bandwidth most efficiently as compare to the existing cellular communication technologies. The performance of the CR system largely depends upon the accuracy of the sensing results. However, the sensing ambiguities such as false alarm and miss detection lead to spectrum underutilization and severe interference to the primary user, respectively. In this paper, the issue has been addressed by modifying the conventional frame structure by introducing two sensing slots along with a transmission slot to overcome sensing ambiguities. For the targeted probability of detection, the first sensing slot is kept sma...
With the spread of the coronavirus, an unprecedented number of students around the world are not ... more With the spread of the coronavirus, an unprecedented number of students around the world are not able to go to schools, colleges and universities to stop the spread of pandemic COVID-19. The epidemic is expected to have enormous economic concerns and it is also having devastating effects on global education. With the rapid spread of the coronavirus, educational institutions around the world are making a radical decision to switch from traditional face-to-face course content deliveries to online content delivery. This is a major paradigm shift that will potentially reshape the future of Indian education system with the accelerated adoption of digital technology. The COVID-19 situation is a blessing in disguise to experiment with new tools and technologies to make education delivery meaningful to the students who cannot go to campuses. It’s an opportunity to be more knowledgeable and to be more productive while developing new skill sets and accelerated professional skills through online learning and assessment. In this chapter, we have reviewed the educational challenges and opportunities posed by the unexpected outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic followed by the discussion on the recalibration of the Indian educational system after COVID-19. Various readily available platforms for the adoption of digital/online learning are explored and discussed in detail. In the chapter end, some recommendations are made for the betterment of the Indian education system after COVID-19.
AI Techniques for Reliability Prediction for Electronic Components
Wireless communication/networks are developing into very complex systems because of different req... more Wireless communication/networks are developing into very complex systems because of different requirements and applications of consumers. Today, mobile terminals are equipped with multi-channel and multiple access interfaces for different kinds of applications (or services). The combination of these access technologies needs an intelligent control to interface the best channel, interface/access or link for best services. In interface management, an arrangement is used to assign channels to interfaces in the multi-channel multi-interface environment. Artificial intelligence is one of the upcoming areas with different techniques which is used now a days to meet user's requirements. Quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) are the performance parameters on which the success of any technique depends upon. Reliability of any system plays an important role in user satisfaction. This chapter shows some of the artificial techniques that can be used to make a reliable sys...
Background: With the availability of multiple options in wireless network simultaneously, Always ... more Background: With the availability of multiple options in wireless network simultaneously, Always Best Connected (ABC) requires dynamic selection of the best network and access technologies. Objective: In this paper, a novel dynamic access network selection algorithm based on the real time is proposed. The available bandwidth (ABW) of each network is required to be estimated to solve the network selection problem. Method: Proposed algorithm estimates available bandwidth by taking averages, peaks, low points and bootstrap approximation for network selection. It monitors real-time internet connection and resolves the selection issue in internet connection. The proposed algorithm is capable of adapting to prevailing network conditions in heterogeneous environment of 2G, 3G and WLAN networks without user intervention. It is implemented in temporal and spatial domains to check its robustness. Estimation error, overhead, estimation time with the varying size of traffic and reliability are ...
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Papers by KIRAN AHUJA