A Graph Database is one that uses graph structures for semantic queries with nodes, edges, and pr... more A Graph Database is one that uses graph structures for semantic queries with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. The graph model explicitly lays out the dependencies between nodes of data, the relational model and other NoSQL database models link the data by implicit connections. A graph database is a database designed to treat the relationships between data as equally important to the data itself.
There have been a number of formal approaches for specifying UML semantics [2–4,8–11]. Unlike the... more There have been a number of formal approaches for specifying UML semantics [2–4,8–11]. Unlike these approaches, the purpose of this position paper is to present a case for the pUML group consider category theoretic approaches for representing UML semantics based on the authors actual experiences. Category theory has been gaining popularity for formal
The workshop is being held in cooperation with a prominent network of excellence and is meant to ... more The workshop is being held in cooperation with a prominent network of excellence and is meant to act as a focal point for joint interests and future collaborations. SWESE2009 is sponsored by the MOST project (EU ICT 2008-216691). The advent of the World Wide Web has led many corporations to web-enable their business applications and to the adoption of web service standards in middleware platforms. Marking a turning point in the evolution of the Web, the Semantic Web is expected to provide more benefits to software engineering. Over the past five years there
Proceedings of JOWO-2015. The Joint Ontology Workshops at IJCAI 2015
The aim of this workshop is to bridge knowledge representation and reasoning in artificial intell... more The aim of this workshop is to bridge knowledge representation and reasoning in artificial intelligence and web of knowledge communities in order to encourage the emergence of new solutions for reasoning with lightweight ontologies. Particular topics include query answering while taking ontologies into account and non-monotonic reasoning for inconsistency handling and exception handling and expressing default negations in ontologies, with a special interest in logic programming for implementations.
Ontology Summit 2021 Communiqué: Ontology generation and harmonization
Applied Ontology, 2022
Advances in machine learning and the development of very large knowledge graphs have accompanied ... more Advances in machine learning and the development of very large knowledge graphs have accompanied a proliferation of ontologies of many types and for many purposes. These ontologies are commonly developed independently, and as a result, it can be difficult to communicate about and between them. To address this difficulty of communication, ontologies and the communities they serve must agree on how their respective terminologies and formalizations relate to each other. The process of coming into accord and agreement is called “harmonization.” The Ontology Summit 2021 examined the overall landscape of ontologies, the many kinds of ontology generation and harmonization, as well as the sustainability of ontologies. The Communiqué synthesizes and summarizes the findings of the summit as well as earlier summits on related issues. One of the major impediments to harmonization is the relatively poor quality of natural language definitions in many ontologies. The summit surveyed the state of ...
The blogosphere is an invaluable source of insight into attitudes towards significant world and l... more The blogosphere is an invaluable source of insight into attitudes towards significant world and local events. Traditional measures of topical relevance, timeliness, specificity and credibility are inadequate when it comes to blogs, however, due to their short length, high degree of quotation, exophoricity, and the short life cycle of blog postings. In this paper, we motivate a novel metric for blog credibility that is one of the metrics underlying a blog search and analytics engine we are constructing.
The blogosphere provides a novel window into an important segment of public opinion, but its dyna... more The blogosphere provides a novel window into an important segment of public opinion, but its dynamic nature makes it an elusive medium to analyze and interpret in the aggregate, where it is most informative. We are developing a new open-source blog mining technology that employs ontologies to solve this problem by fusing the signals of the blogosphere and zeroing in on issues that are most likely to migrate offline. This technology is designed to enable analysts to anticipate the threats or opportunities these issues represent in a timely and efficient fashion.
There have been a number of formal approaches for specifying UML semantics [2–4, 8– 11]. Unlike t... more There have been a number of formal approaches for specifying UML semantics [2–4, 8– 11]. Unlike these approaches, the purpose of this position paper is to present a case for the community defining precise UML semantics to consider category theoretic approaches for representing UML semantics based on the authors actual experiences. Category theory has been gaining popularity for formal approaches in software engineering. While many formal specification techniques provide the ability to describe the structure and behavior of specification objects, category theory explicitly captures relationships between specification objects. The motivation for considering a category theory based approach is:
Leo Obrst a,∗, Michael Gruninger b, Ken Baclawski c, Mike Bennett d, Dan Brickley e, Gary Berg-Cr... more Leo Obrst a,∗, Michael Gruninger b, Ken Baclawski c, Mike Bennett d, Dan Brickley e, Gary Berg-Cross f, Pascal Hitzler g, Krzysztof Janowicz h, Christine Kapp i, Oliver Kutz j, Christoph Lange k, Anatoly Levenchuk l, Francesca Quattri m, Alan Rector n, Todd Schneider o, Simon Spero p, Anne Thessen q, Marcela Vegetti r, Amanda Vizedom s, Andrea Westerinen t, Matthew West u and Peter Yim v a The MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA, USA b University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada c Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA d Hypercube Ltd., London, UK e Google, London, UK f Knowledge Strategies, Washington, DC, USA g Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA h University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA i JustIntegration, Inc., Kissimmee, FL, USA j Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany k University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Fraunhofer IAIS, Sankt Augustin, Germany l TechInvestLab.ru, Moscow, Russia m The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong n University of Manchester, Manchester, UK o PDS, Inc., Arvada, CO, USA p University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA q Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA r INGAR (CONICET/UTN), Santa Fe, Argentina s Criticollab, LLC, Durham, NC, USA t Nine Points Solutions, LLC, Potomac, MD, USA u Information Junction, Fareham, UK v CIM Engineering, Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
Problem Currently, there is no agreed on methodology for development of ontologies, and there is ... more Problem Currently, there is no agreed on methodology for development of ontologies, and there is no consensus on how ontologies should be evaluated. Consequently, evaluation techniques and tools are not widely utilized in the development of ontologies. This can lead to ontologies of poor quality and is an obstacle to the successful deployment of ontologies as a technology. Approach The goal of the Ontology Summit 2013 was to create guidance for ontology developers and users on how to evaluate ontologies. Over a period of four months a variety of approaches were discussed by participants, who represented a broad spectrum of ontology, software, and system developers and users. We explored how established best practices in systems engineering and in software engineering can be utilized in ontology development. Results This document focuses on the evaluation of five aspects of the quality of ontologies: intelligibility, fidelity, craftsmanship, fitness, and deployability. A model for the ontology life cycle is presented, and
Since the beginnings of the Semantic Web, ontologies have played key roles in the design and depl... more Since the beginnings of the Semantic Web, ontologies have played key roles in the design and deployment of new semantic technologies. Yet over the years, the level of collaboration between the Semantic Web and Applied Ontology communities has been much less than expected. Within Big Data applications, ontologies appear to have had little use or impact. Ontology Summit 2014 provided an opportunity for building bridges between the Semantic Web, Linked Data, Big Data, and Applied Ontology communities. On the one hand, the Semantic Web, Linked Data, and Big Data communities bring a wide array of real problems (performance and scalability challenges and the variety problem in Big Data) and technologies (like automated reasoning tools) that make use of ontologies. There is a particular emphasis on the Web in making sense of data and information distributed over the Web. This is in contrast to, say, using local reasoners on small ontologies, where the only "Web" aspects are using IRIs as symbol names, and employing inference rules based on an open (or sometimes closed) world assumption. On the other hand, the Applied Ontology community brings a large body of ontological analysis techniques and reusable ontologies.
The blogosphere is an invaluable source of insight into attitudes towards significant world and l... more The blogosphere is an invaluable source of insight into attitudes towards significant world and local events. Traditional measures of topical relevance, timeliness, specificity and credibility are inadequate when it comes to blogs, however, due to their short length, high degree of quotation, exophoricity, and the short life cycle of blog postings. In this paper, we motivate a novel metric for blog credibility that is one of the metrics underlying a blog search and analytics engine we are constructing.
2006 Second International Conference on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web (RuleML'06), 2006
BaseVISor is a forward-chaining inference engine based on a Rete network optimized for the proces... more BaseVISor is a forward-chaining inference engine based on a Rete network optimized for the processing of RDF triples. A clause within the body and head of a rule either represents an RDF triple or invokes a procedural attachment (either built-in or user defined). This paper describes how BaseVISor has been outfitted to process RuleML and R-Entailment rules. In the case of RuleML, n-ary predicates are automatically translated into binary predicates and reified statements that encapsulate the n-ary predicate's arguments. For R-Entailment rules, the appropriate R-Entailment axioms, axiomatic triples and consistency rules are automatically imported into the engine and then used to derive all triples entailed by any set of triples asserted into the fact base. Operation of the system is illustrated using sample rule sets for both RuleML and R-Entailment and instructions are provided on how to obtain the BaseVISor beta release and process the examples.
Modern CASE tools and formal methods systems are more than just repositories of speci cation and ... more Modern CASE tools and formal methods systems are more than just repositories of speci cation and design information. They can also be used for re nement and code generation. Re nement is the process of transforming one speci cation into a more detailed speci cation. Speci cations and their re nements typically do not use the same speci cation language. Code generation is also a transformation, where the target language is a programming language. Although object-oriented (OO) programming languages and tools have been available for a long time, all re nement and transformational systems are still based on grammars and parse trees. The purpose of this paper is to compare grammar-based transformation with object-oriented transformation and to introduce a toolkit that automates the generation of parsers and transformers expressed in object-oriented terms. A more speci c objective is to apply these techniques to the problem of translating a CASE repository into logical theories of a formal methods system.
A Graph Database is one that uses graph structures for semantic queries with nodes, edges, and pr... more A Graph Database is one that uses graph structures for semantic queries with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. The graph model explicitly lays out the dependencies between nodes of data, the relational model and other NoSQL database models link the data by implicit connections. A graph database is a database designed to treat the relationships between data as equally important to the data itself.
There have been a number of formal approaches for specifying UML semantics [2–4,8–11]. Unlike the... more There have been a number of formal approaches for specifying UML semantics [2–4,8–11]. Unlike these approaches, the purpose of this position paper is to present a case for the pUML group consider category theoretic approaches for representing UML semantics based on the authors actual experiences. Category theory has been gaining popularity for formal
The workshop is being held in cooperation with a prominent network of excellence and is meant to ... more The workshop is being held in cooperation with a prominent network of excellence and is meant to act as a focal point for joint interests and future collaborations. SWESE2009 is sponsored by the MOST project (EU ICT 2008-216691). The advent of the World Wide Web has led many corporations to web-enable their business applications and to the adoption of web service standards in middleware platforms. Marking a turning point in the evolution of the Web, the Semantic Web is expected to provide more benefits to software engineering. Over the past five years there
Proceedings of JOWO-2015. The Joint Ontology Workshops at IJCAI 2015
The aim of this workshop is to bridge knowledge representation and reasoning in artificial intell... more The aim of this workshop is to bridge knowledge representation and reasoning in artificial intelligence and web of knowledge communities in order to encourage the emergence of new solutions for reasoning with lightweight ontologies. Particular topics include query answering while taking ontologies into account and non-monotonic reasoning for inconsistency handling and exception handling and expressing default negations in ontologies, with a special interest in logic programming for implementations.
Ontology Summit 2021 Communiqué: Ontology generation and harmonization
Applied Ontology, 2022
Advances in machine learning and the development of very large knowledge graphs have accompanied ... more Advances in machine learning and the development of very large knowledge graphs have accompanied a proliferation of ontologies of many types and for many purposes. These ontologies are commonly developed independently, and as a result, it can be difficult to communicate about and between them. To address this difficulty of communication, ontologies and the communities they serve must agree on how their respective terminologies and formalizations relate to each other. The process of coming into accord and agreement is called “harmonization.” The Ontology Summit 2021 examined the overall landscape of ontologies, the many kinds of ontology generation and harmonization, as well as the sustainability of ontologies. The Communiqué synthesizes and summarizes the findings of the summit as well as earlier summits on related issues. One of the major impediments to harmonization is the relatively poor quality of natural language definitions in many ontologies. The summit surveyed the state of ...
The blogosphere is an invaluable source of insight into attitudes towards significant world and l... more The blogosphere is an invaluable source of insight into attitudes towards significant world and local events. Traditional measures of topical relevance, timeliness, specificity and credibility are inadequate when it comes to blogs, however, due to their short length, high degree of quotation, exophoricity, and the short life cycle of blog postings. In this paper, we motivate a novel metric for blog credibility that is one of the metrics underlying a blog search and analytics engine we are constructing.
The blogosphere provides a novel window into an important segment of public opinion, but its dyna... more The blogosphere provides a novel window into an important segment of public opinion, but its dynamic nature makes it an elusive medium to analyze and interpret in the aggregate, where it is most informative. We are developing a new open-source blog mining technology that employs ontologies to solve this problem by fusing the signals of the blogosphere and zeroing in on issues that are most likely to migrate offline. This technology is designed to enable analysts to anticipate the threats or opportunities these issues represent in a timely and efficient fashion.
There have been a number of formal approaches for specifying UML semantics [2–4, 8– 11]. Unlike t... more There have been a number of formal approaches for specifying UML semantics [2–4, 8– 11]. Unlike these approaches, the purpose of this position paper is to present a case for the community defining precise UML semantics to consider category theoretic approaches for representing UML semantics based on the authors actual experiences. Category theory has been gaining popularity for formal approaches in software engineering. While many formal specification techniques provide the ability to describe the structure and behavior of specification objects, category theory explicitly captures relationships between specification objects. The motivation for considering a category theory based approach is:
Leo Obrst a,∗, Michael Gruninger b, Ken Baclawski c, Mike Bennett d, Dan Brickley e, Gary Berg-Cr... more Leo Obrst a,∗, Michael Gruninger b, Ken Baclawski c, Mike Bennett d, Dan Brickley e, Gary Berg-Cross f, Pascal Hitzler g, Krzysztof Janowicz h, Christine Kapp i, Oliver Kutz j, Christoph Lange k, Anatoly Levenchuk l, Francesca Quattri m, Alan Rector n, Todd Schneider o, Simon Spero p, Anne Thessen q, Marcela Vegetti r, Amanda Vizedom s, Andrea Westerinen t, Matthew West u and Peter Yim v a The MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA, USA b University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada c Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA d Hypercube Ltd., London, UK e Google, London, UK f Knowledge Strategies, Washington, DC, USA g Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA h University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA i JustIntegration, Inc., Kissimmee, FL, USA j Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany k University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Fraunhofer IAIS, Sankt Augustin, Germany l TechInvestLab.ru, Moscow, Russia m The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong n University of Manchester, Manchester, UK o PDS, Inc., Arvada, CO, USA p University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA q Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA r INGAR (CONICET/UTN), Santa Fe, Argentina s Criticollab, LLC, Durham, NC, USA t Nine Points Solutions, LLC, Potomac, MD, USA u Information Junction, Fareham, UK v CIM Engineering, Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA
Problem Currently, there is no agreed on methodology for development of ontologies, and there is ... more Problem Currently, there is no agreed on methodology for development of ontologies, and there is no consensus on how ontologies should be evaluated. Consequently, evaluation techniques and tools are not widely utilized in the development of ontologies. This can lead to ontologies of poor quality and is an obstacle to the successful deployment of ontologies as a technology. Approach The goal of the Ontology Summit 2013 was to create guidance for ontology developers and users on how to evaluate ontologies. Over a period of four months a variety of approaches were discussed by participants, who represented a broad spectrum of ontology, software, and system developers and users. We explored how established best practices in systems engineering and in software engineering can be utilized in ontology development. Results This document focuses on the evaluation of five aspects of the quality of ontologies: intelligibility, fidelity, craftsmanship, fitness, and deployability. A model for the ontology life cycle is presented, and
Since the beginnings of the Semantic Web, ontologies have played key roles in the design and depl... more Since the beginnings of the Semantic Web, ontologies have played key roles in the design and deployment of new semantic technologies. Yet over the years, the level of collaboration between the Semantic Web and Applied Ontology communities has been much less than expected. Within Big Data applications, ontologies appear to have had little use or impact. Ontology Summit 2014 provided an opportunity for building bridges between the Semantic Web, Linked Data, Big Data, and Applied Ontology communities. On the one hand, the Semantic Web, Linked Data, and Big Data communities bring a wide array of real problems (performance and scalability challenges and the variety problem in Big Data) and technologies (like automated reasoning tools) that make use of ontologies. There is a particular emphasis on the Web in making sense of data and information distributed over the Web. This is in contrast to, say, using local reasoners on small ontologies, where the only "Web" aspects are using IRIs as symbol names, and employing inference rules based on an open (or sometimes closed) world assumption. On the other hand, the Applied Ontology community brings a large body of ontological analysis techniques and reusable ontologies.
The blogosphere is an invaluable source of insight into attitudes towards significant world and l... more The blogosphere is an invaluable source of insight into attitudes towards significant world and local events. Traditional measures of topical relevance, timeliness, specificity and credibility are inadequate when it comes to blogs, however, due to their short length, high degree of quotation, exophoricity, and the short life cycle of blog postings. In this paper, we motivate a novel metric for blog credibility that is one of the metrics underlying a blog search and analytics engine we are constructing.
2006 Second International Conference on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web (RuleML'06), 2006
BaseVISor is a forward-chaining inference engine based on a Rete network optimized for the proces... more BaseVISor is a forward-chaining inference engine based on a Rete network optimized for the processing of RDF triples. A clause within the body and head of a rule either represents an RDF triple or invokes a procedural attachment (either built-in or user defined). This paper describes how BaseVISor has been outfitted to process RuleML and R-Entailment rules. In the case of RuleML, n-ary predicates are automatically translated into binary predicates and reified statements that encapsulate the n-ary predicate's arguments. For R-Entailment rules, the appropriate R-Entailment axioms, axiomatic triples and consistency rules are automatically imported into the engine and then used to derive all triples entailed by any set of triples asserted into the fact base. Operation of the system is illustrated using sample rule sets for both RuleML and R-Entailment and instructions are provided on how to obtain the BaseVISor beta release and process the examples.
Modern CASE tools and formal methods systems are more than just repositories of speci cation and ... more Modern CASE tools and formal methods systems are more than just repositories of speci cation and design information. They can also be used for re nement and code generation. Re nement is the process of transforming one speci cation into a more detailed speci cation. Speci cations and their re nements typically do not use the same speci cation language. Code generation is also a transformation, where the target language is a programming language. Although object-oriented (OO) programming languages and tools have been available for a long time, all re nement and transformational systems are still based on grammars and parse trees. The purpose of this paper is to compare grammar-based transformation with object-oriented transformation and to introduce a toolkit that automates the generation of parsers and transformers expressed in object-oriented terms. A more speci c objective is to apply these techniques to the problem of translating a CASE repository into logical theories of a formal methods system.
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Papers by Ken Baclawski