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Jyotchna Gogoi

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University College Cork

Alejandra B Osorio

Wellesley College

Ucla

University of Florida

Dominik Maschek

Leibniz-Zentrum für Archäologie

Derek H Alderman

University of Tennessee Knoxville

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Juraj Marušiak

Slovak Academy of Sciences

University of California, Los Angeles

CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Spanish National Research Council)

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Papers by Jyotchna Gogoi

Cynodon dactylon Pers.: A Review on Forage Crop and Medicinal Herb

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

Cynodon dactylon is a forage crop besides being a medicinal herb which has been holding a sacred ... more Cynodon dactylon is a forage crop besides being a medicinal herb which has been holding a sacred position in our Indian culture. Its survival capacity in any ecological succession has forced it to exist as medicinal plant containing a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites like Cyanidin, Luteolin, apigenin having several therapeutic uses. The review paper has been designed in coordination with research articles to compile the various properties of the plant like its thriving capacity in tropical and subtropical regions where it can alter ecosystem by effecting nutrient cycles and community composition, diverse chemical composition, and therapeutic uses to name some such as diabetes, atherosclerosis etc., which could be used as an area of further research for mankind and environmental benefits.

Cynodon dactylon Pers.: A Review on Forage Crop and Medicinal Herb

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

Cynodon dactylon is a forage crop besides being a medicinal herb which has been holding a sacred ... more Cynodon dactylon is a forage crop besides being a medicinal herb which has been holding a sacred position in our Indian culture. Its survival capacity in any ecological succession has forced it to exist as medicinal plant containing a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites like Cyanidin, Luteolin, apigenin having several therapeutic uses. The review paper has been designed in coordination with research articles to compile the various properties of the plant like its thriving capacity in tropical and subtropical regions where it can alter ecosystem by effecting nutrient cycles and community composition, diverse chemical composition, and therapeutic uses to name some such as diabetes, atherosclerosis etc., which could be used as an area of further research for mankind and environmental benefits.

$Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of crude extract and fractions from the tuberous root of Mirabilis jalapa L$

Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of crude extract and fractions from the tuberous root of Mirabilis jalapa L

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012

Mirabilis jalapa L. belonging to family Nyctaginaceae is a widely used traditional medicinal plan... more Mirabilis jalapa L. belonging to family Nyctaginaceae is a widely used traditional medicinal plant in different parts of the world. In present study, aqueous methanolic extract and fractions from tuberous root of M. jalapa were evaluated for antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities. The tuberous root was extracted in 80 % methanol. Phytochemical constituents were tested following standard procedures which revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. The dried extract was further fractionated by using solvents chloroform, ethyl acetate, amyl alcohol, methanol and water. Free radical scavenging capacity was evaluated by 2, 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazine (DPPH􀈩˙) and 2, 2’–azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) assays. IC50 values of extract were 60±0.71μg/ml and 80±0.56 μg/ml with DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Ethyl acetate and amyl alcohol fractions exhibited strong antioxidant activity among ...

Dicentra scandens (D. Don) Walp. Root Phytochemical Constituents Against Potential Wound Pathogens

Objectives : To investigate the phytoconstituents of D. scandens and evaluate its activity agains... more Objectives : To investigate the phytoconstituents of D. scandens and evaluate its activity against potential wound pathogens to validate its uses. Materials and methods : Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the root extracts against bacterial strains and one clinically important yeast strain was assessed using the agar diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration studies and their effect was compared with some standard antibiotics. The presence of major phytoconstituents was detected qualitatively and quantitatively. Results : Aqueous ethanol and crude alkaloid extracts showed maximum inhibition of 37.5% and 33.13% and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 µg/ml and < 10 µg/ml against Streptococcus mutans and Proteus mirabilis , respectively. Most of the test pathogens, except P. mirabilis, were found to be susceptible to the two standard antibacterial and two standard antifungal drugs assayed. The phytochemicals detected included alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tann...

Phytomedicines for female infertility in Barpeta District of Assam, India

Pleione

The present study enlists a total of 25 plant species covering 18 families that are being used in... more The present study enlists a total of 25 plant species covering 18 families that are being used in 12 different formulations to cure female infertility. Out of the total 18 families recorded, Malvaceae comprises highest number of species followed by Combretaceae in preparation of the herbal medicines. Regarding plant parts used, bark was found to be used in majority of the formulations followed by leaves and seeds.

In Vitro Anthelmintic and Anti-Amylase Properties of Garcinia Pedunculata Roxb. Ethanolic Extract

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: The present study aims to investigate in vitro anthelmintic and anti-amylase propertie... more Objective: The present study aims to investigate in vitro anthelmintic and anti-amylase properties of the ethanolic fruit extract of Garcinia pedunculata. Methods: For the study, mature fruits of G. pedunculata were collected from local markets during April-May. Fleshy pericarps of fruits were chopped into small pieces, dried and extracted by using a Soxhlet apparatus. Ethanol extract of G. pedunculata was used for evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic and anti-amylase activities. In vitro anthelmintic activity was evaluated in animal models, Pheretima posthuma, an earthworm species. In vitro anti-amylase activity was evaluated by using zymographic, achromic point analysis (Starch-Iodine method) and spectrophotometric method [Di Nitro Salicylic acid (DNS)-Maltose method]. Results: Ethanolic extract of G. pedunculata showed anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 75 mg/ml, paralysis and death timing was reported at 0.62±0.26 min and 1.42±0.07 min, respectively. The reference standard (Albendazole) showed paralysis time: 2.13±0.28 min and death time: 5.12±0.29 min. In the anti-amylase study, a zymographic density analysis of G. pedunculata showed significant variation in band intensity as compared to Starch-Iodine achromic point analysis and DNS-Maltose method. A concentration of 1.5 mg/ml of extract showed inhibition of amylase: 67.65±1.53 % as compared to other concentrations and control sets. Conclusion: It could be concluded that ethanolic extract of G. pedunculata has biological properties which could be utilised in medicine by characterising its bioactive components.

In vitro Antimicrobial Potential of Potentilla polyphylla Wall. ex Lehm. Taproot Extract Against Human Pathogens

Applied Medical Research, 2016

Background: The whole plant of Potentilla polyphylla Wall. ex Lehm. (Rosaceae) is valued for its ... more Background: The whole plant of Potentilla polyphylla Wall. ex Lehm. (Rosaceae) is valued for its ethno-medicinal properties. It has been used as a folk remedy against a variety of ailments. Aim: This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial potential of P. polyphylla taproot extract against human pathogens. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous methanol extract (1:4) against bacterial strains and clinically important yeast were assessed using the agar diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration studies. Its effect was compared with some standard antibiotics. Results: The extract showed inhibition of 17.5-30.0 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.01 mg/ml and 0.4 mg/ml against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively. Tested pathogens, except P. mirabilis, were found susceptible to standard antibiotics. Conclusions: Results showed that P. polyphylla possesses broadspectrum antimicrobial properties and hence merits detailed phytochemical investigations for its pharmaceutical applications.

Physicochemical and functional properties of rapeseed protein isolate: Influence of anti-nutrients removal with acidified organic solvents from rapeseed meal

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Jul 21, 2014

ABSTRACT Presence of anti-nutritional constituents in rapeseed protein products (RPI), such as po... more ABSTRACT Presence of anti-nutritional constituents in rapeseed protein products (RPI), such as polyphenols, phytates, allyl isothiocyanates and glucosinolates is a formidable constraint. Effect of anti-nutrients removal from rapeseed meal with organic solvent mixture (methanol-acetone, 1:1 v/v, combined with an acid (hydrochloric, acetic, perchloric, trichloroacetic, phosphoric)) on the physico-chemical and functional properties of RPI was investigated. The extraction resulted in substantial reduction of anti-nutrients from RPI, especially polyphenols and phytates, with concomitant decrease in protein yield and solubility. Treatment harbored significant improvement in their Degree of Whiteness, which was highest in the perchloric acid case. Surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl group of RPI changed considerably, with perchloric acid-treated samples showing higher values; while the disulfide content remarkably increased in trichloroacetic and phosphoric acid-treated samples, signifying aggregation. Intrinsic emission fluorescence and FTIR spectra showed significant changes in proteins&#39; tertiary and secondary conformations, and the changes were more pronounced in samples treated with higher concentration of acids. No appreciable alteration appeared among the electrophoretic profile of proteins from pristine meal and those treated with lower level of acids. Interfacial surface properties of proteins were variably improved by the solvent extraction, whereas the converse was true for their extent of denaturation. The results suggest that the physico-chemical and conformational properties of RPI are closely related to its functional properties.

Hypertrophic Scar Formation on Application of Terpenoid Fraction of Tuberous Root of Mirabilis jalapa L. on Excision Wound Model in Wistar Albino Rats

International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014

The study was designed to evaluate the effects of hydromethanolic extract of tuberous root of M. ... more The study was designed to evaluate the effects of hydromethanolic extract of tuberous root of M. jalapa and its terpenoid and flavonoid fractions on cutaneous wound healing in Wistar Albino rats. The hydromethanolic extract was subfractionated by sequential extraction in solvents (moderately nonpolar to polar). The extract and its (terpenoid and flavonoid) fractions were used for cutaneous wound healing studies by using excision wound model on rat. Their effects on wound contraction rate, biochemical and histological changes, and expression of growth factors such as collagen 3A, basic fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor were investigated. The results indicated that flavonoid treated group showed significant decrease (< 0.05) in antioxidant enzyme level as compared to control in wound healing process, whereas terpenoid fraction showed significant increase (< 0.05) in expression of growth factor levels but regeneration and remodeling stages were delayed due to formation of thicker ulcus layer and also there were no hair follicle-like blood capillaries formation which ultimately may lead to formation of hypertrophic scar of wound. Therefore, from this study, it can be concluded that terpenoid fraction prolongs proliferation phase and hence may have tendency to convert the wound into hypertrophic wound.

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Rapeseed Protein Isolate: Influence of Antinutrient Removal with Acidified Organic Solvents from Rapeseed Meal

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014

ABSTRACT Presence of anti-nutritional constituents in rapeseed protein products (RPI), such as po... more ABSTRACT Presence of anti-nutritional constituents in rapeseed protein products (RPI), such as polyphenols, phytates, allyl isothiocyanates and glucosinolates is a formidable constraint. Effect of anti-nutrients removal from rapeseed meal with organic solvent mixture (methanol-acetone, 1:1 v/v, combined with an acid (hydrochloric, acetic, perchloric, trichloroacetic, phosphoric)) on the physico-chemical and functional properties of RPI was investigated. The extraction resulted in substantial reduction of anti-nutrients from RPI, especially polyphenols and phytates, with concomitant decrease in protein yield and solubility. Treatment harbored significant improvement in their Degree of Whiteness, which was highest in the perchloric acid case. Surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl group of RPI changed considerably, with perchloric acid-treated samples showing higher values; while the disulfide content remarkably increased in trichloroacetic and phosphoric acid-treated samples, signifying aggregation. Intrinsic emission fluorescence and FTIR spectra showed significant changes in proteins&#39; tertiary and secondary conformations, and the changes were more pronounced in samples treated with higher concentration of acids. No appreciable alteration appeared among the electrophoretic profile of proteins from pristine meal and those treated with lower level of acids. Interfacial surface properties of proteins were variably improved by the solvent extraction, whereas the converse was true for their extent of denaturation. The results suggest that the physico-chemical and conformational properties of RPI are closely related to its functional properties.

Protection by a transdermal patch containing eserine and pralidoxime chloride for prophylaxis against (±)-Anatoxin A poisoning in rats

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014

The prophylactic and neuroprotective impact of a transdermal patch containing eserine and pralido... more The prophylactic and neuroprotective impact of a transdermal patch containing eserine and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) against (±)-Anatoxin A poisoning was investigated using Wistar strain albino rats. Rats were smooth-shaved on the dorsal side, attached with a drug-in-adhesive matrix type prophylactic transdermal patch for 72 h and challenged with subcutaneous injection of three doses (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0×LD50) of (±)-Anatoxin A. The LD50 value of (±)-Anatoxin A was determined to be 1.25mg/kg, and at this particular dose (1.0×LD50) of toxin induced severe clinical symptom including extreme seizures in rats, resulting acute brain injuries in discrete brain regions, leading to 100% mortality within 5 min. The anticonvulsant effect, antiarrythmic effect, nerve conduction study, clinical observations and mortality, neuroprotective effect as well as skin histopathology of the prophylactic transdermal patch against (±)-Anatoxin A poisoning were investigated systematically. It was found that seizures, tachycardia, nerve damage, clinical symptoms, brain injuries and mortality induced by such lethal toxin were effectively prevented by the prophylactic patch treatment up to certain LD50 level. Hence, it could be a choice of potential therapeutic regimen against such lethal poisoning.

In vivo evaluation of cutaneous wound healing activity of Mirabilis jalapa L radix

Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 2013

The present study was to evaluate in vivo cutaneous wound healing activity of hydromethanolic ext... more The present study was to evaluate in vivo cutaneous wound healing activity of hydromethanolic extract of M. jalapa radix and to validate its traditional use as medicine for wound healing. In excision wound model, the wound area was measured on the day of infliction (zero day) and subsequently at 4 days interval until the completion of wound healing. In dead space wound model, on 10th post wounding day, the granulation tissues were harvested for estimation of blotting of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF 2) and collagen type III (COL 3A), hydroxyproline content and histological studies. A significant increase (p<0.05) in rate of wound contraction, decrease in Colony Forming Unit (CFU) count and decrease in epithelisation period was observed in 5 and 10 % treated groups as compared to control. A significant increase (p<0.05) in hydroxyproline content, upregulated expression of COL 3Awas observed in treated groups as compared to control which was supported by histological evidences. Increase in rate of wound contraction, hydroxyproline content and COL 3A, decrease in epithelisation period and CFUs count shows the wound healing activity of M.jalapa and validate its traditional use in wound and inflammation.

Comparative Studies on Phytoconstituents, Total Phenolic Content and Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Some of the Traditionally Used Medicinal plants of North East India

by Jyotchna Gogoi and K S Nakhuru

Potentilla polyphylla, Solanum kurzii and Paedaria foetida are used as remedies against various d... more Potentilla polyphylla, Solanum kurzii and Paedaria foetida are used as remedies against various diseases. Free radicals are one of the critical causative factors in the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases. Phytochemical and biological studies have made it evident that medicinal plants have potentials in the prevention and treatment of those diseases. This study aimed at screening of major phytochemicals and assessing total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of P. polyphylla, S. kurzii and P. foetida to provide a scientific basis of its ethno medical uses. Phytochemicals screening was done using standard procedures. Total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent. Free radical scavenging capacity was determined by DPPH and ABTS assays. P. polyphylla, S. kurzii and P. foetida displayed strong DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity. Among the extracts, P. polyphylla possess the highest free radical scavenging activity with the corresponding ...

‘Foldscope’- A simple and economical microscope

Journal of Biological Education

ABSTRACT A Foldscope is an ultra-affordable paper microscope with a magnification up to 2000X and... more ABSTRACT A Foldscope is an ultra-affordable paper microscope with a magnification up to 2000X and 2 micron resolution. It is economic, durable and easy to handle tool for scientific studies. Many govt. schools of Kamrup district, Assam found it difficult to use microscope in their regular practical classes for its complexity and high cost. For visualization of specimen under Foldscope, light source used is either natural light (during day time) or artificial light source operating on batteries. Being extremely light weight and portable, it could be easily carried along to field for various studies. In the present study, practical sessions and awareness on this instrument was conducted in the govt. and private schools of Kamrup (M), Assam. Students and school authority’s feedback were collected for analyzing the scope of Foldscope in future use as a part of their syllabus. The hands on training of the instrument helped the student’s to understand microscopic world of biology. Hence, it could be concluded that Foldscope could be incorporated in every school’s syllabus for better understanding of biology by reducing school experimental expenses and overcoming the facility constraints.

Cynodon dactylon Pers.: A Review on Forage Crop and Medicinal Herb

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

Cynodon dactylon is a forage crop besides being a medicinal herb which has been holding a sacred ... more Cynodon dactylon is a forage crop besides being a medicinal herb which has been holding a sacred position in our Indian culture. Its survival capacity in any ecological succession has forced it to exist as medicinal plant containing a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites like Cyanidin, Luteolin, apigenin having several therapeutic uses. The review paper has been designed in coordination with research articles to compile the various properties of the plant like its thriving capacity in tropical and subtropical regions where it can alter ecosystem by effecting nutrient cycles and community composition, diverse chemical composition, and therapeutic uses to name some such as diabetes, atherosclerosis etc., which could be used as an area of further research for mankind and environmental benefits.

Cynodon dactylon Pers.: A Review on Forage Crop and Medicinal Herb

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

Cynodon dactylon is a forage crop besides being a medicinal herb which has been holding a sacred ... more Cynodon dactylon is a forage crop besides being a medicinal herb which has been holding a sacred position in our Indian culture. Its survival capacity in any ecological succession has forced it to exist as medicinal plant containing a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites like Cyanidin, Luteolin, apigenin having several therapeutic uses. The review paper has been designed in coordination with research articles to compile the various properties of the plant like its thriving capacity in tropical and subtropical regions where it can alter ecosystem by effecting nutrient cycles and community composition, diverse chemical composition, and therapeutic uses to name some such as diabetes, atherosclerosis etc., which could be used as an area of further research for mankind and environmental benefits.

$Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of crude extract and fractions from the tuberous root of Mirabilis jalapa L$

Antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities of crude extract and fractions from the tuberous root of Mirabilis jalapa L

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012

Mirabilis jalapa L. belonging to family Nyctaginaceae is a widely used traditional medicinal plan... more Mirabilis jalapa L. belonging to family Nyctaginaceae is a widely used traditional medicinal plant in different parts of the world. In present study, aqueous methanolic extract and fractions from tuberous root of M. jalapa were evaluated for antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities. The tuberous root was extracted in 80 % methanol. Phytochemical constituents were tested following standard procedures which revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. The dried extract was further fractionated by using solvents chloroform, ethyl acetate, amyl alcohol, methanol and water. Free radical scavenging capacity was evaluated by 2, 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazine (DPPH􀈩˙) and 2, 2’–azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) assays. IC50 values of extract were 60±0.71μg/ml and 80±0.56 μg/ml with DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Ethyl acetate and amyl alcohol fractions exhibited strong antioxidant activity among ...

Dicentra scandens (D. Don) Walp. Root Phytochemical Constituents Against Potential Wound Pathogens

Objectives : To investigate the phytoconstituents of D. scandens and evaluate its activity agains... more Objectives : To investigate the phytoconstituents of D. scandens and evaluate its activity against potential wound pathogens to validate its uses. Materials and methods : Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the root extracts against bacterial strains and one clinically important yeast strain was assessed using the agar diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration studies and their effect was compared with some standard antibiotics. The presence of major phytoconstituents was detected qualitatively and quantitatively. Results : Aqueous ethanol and crude alkaloid extracts showed maximum inhibition of 37.5% and 33.13% and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 µg/ml and < 10 µg/ml against Streptococcus mutans and Proteus mirabilis , respectively. Most of the test pathogens, except P. mirabilis, were found to be susceptible to the two standard antibacterial and two standard antifungal drugs assayed. The phytochemicals detected included alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tann...

Phytomedicines for female infertility in Barpeta District of Assam, India

Pleione

The present study enlists a total of 25 plant species covering 18 families that are being used in... more The present study enlists a total of 25 plant species covering 18 families that are being used in 12 different formulations to cure female infertility. Out of the total 18 families recorded, Malvaceae comprises highest number of species followed by Combretaceae in preparation of the herbal medicines. Regarding plant parts used, bark was found to be used in majority of the formulations followed by leaves and seeds.

In Vitro Anthelmintic and Anti-Amylase Properties of Garcinia Pedunculata Roxb. Ethanolic Extract

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: The present study aims to investigate in vitro anthelmintic and anti-amylase propertie... more Objective: The present study aims to investigate in vitro anthelmintic and anti-amylase properties of the ethanolic fruit extract of Garcinia pedunculata. Methods: For the study, mature fruits of G. pedunculata were collected from local markets during April-May. Fleshy pericarps of fruits were chopped into small pieces, dried and extracted by using a Soxhlet apparatus. Ethanol extract of G. pedunculata was used for evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic and anti-amylase activities. In vitro anthelmintic activity was evaluated in animal models, Pheretima posthuma, an earthworm species. In vitro anti-amylase activity was evaluated by using zymographic, achromic point analysis (Starch-Iodine method) and spectrophotometric method [Di Nitro Salicylic acid (DNS)-Maltose method]. Results: Ethanolic extract of G. pedunculata showed anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 75 mg/ml, paralysis and death timing was reported at 0.62±0.26 min and 1.42±0.07 min, respectively. The reference standard (Albendazole) showed paralysis time: 2.13±0.28 min and death time: 5.12±0.29 min. In the anti-amylase study, a zymographic density analysis of G. pedunculata showed significant variation in band intensity as compared to Starch-Iodine achromic point analysis and DNS-Maltose method. A concentration of 1.5 mg/ml of extract showed inhibition of amylase: 67.65±1.53 % as compared to other concentrations and control sets. Conclusion: It could be concluded that ethanolic extract of G. pedunculata has biological properties which could be utilised in medicine by characterising its bioactive components.

In vitro Antimicrobial Potential of Potentilla polyphylla Wall. ex Lehm. Taproot Extract Against Human Pathogens

Applied Medical Research, 2016

Background: The whole plant of Potentilla polyphylla Wall. ex Lehm. (Rosaceae) is valued for its ... more Background: The whole plant of Potentilla polyphylla Wall. ex Lehm. (Rosaceae) is valued for its ethno-medicinal properties. It has been used as a folk remedy against a variety of ailments. Aim: This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial potential of P. polyphylla taproot extract against human pathogens. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous methanol extract (1:4) against bacterial strains and clinically important yeast were assessed using the agar diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration studies. Its effect was compared with some standard antibiotics. Results: The extract showed inhibition of 17.5-30.0 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.01 mg/ml and 0.4 mg/ml against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, respectively. Tested pathogens, except P. mirabilis, were found susceptible to standard antibiotics. Conclusions: Results showed that P. polyphylla possesses broadspectrum antimicrobial properties and hence merits detailed phytochemical investigations for its pharmaceutical applications.

Physicochemical and functional properties of rapeseed protein isolate: Influence of anti-nutrients removal with acidified organic solvents from rapeseed meal

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Jul 21, 2014

ABSTRACT Presence of anti-nutritional constituents in rapeseed protein products (RPI), such as po... more ABSTRACT Presence of anti-nutritional constituents in rapeseed protein products (RPI), such as polyphenols, phytates, allyl isothiocyanates and glucosinolates is a formidable constraint. Effect of anti-nutrients removal from rapeseed meal with organic solvent mixture (methanol-acetone, 1:1 v/v, combined with an acid (hydrochloric, acetic, perchloric, trichloroacetic, phosphoric)) on the physico-chemical and functional properties of RPI was investigated. The extraction resulted in substantial reduction of anti-nutrients from RPI, especially polyphenols and phytates, with concomitant decrease in protein yield and solubility. Treatment harbored significant improvement in their Degree of Whiteness, which was highest in the perchloric acid case. Surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl group of RPI changed considerably, with perchloric acid-treated samples showing higher values; while the disulfide content remarkably increased in trichloroacetic and phosphoric acid-treated samples, signifying aggregation. Intrinsic emission fluorescence and FTIR spectra showed significant changes in proteins&#39; tertiary and secondary conformations, and the changes were more pronounced in samples treated with higher concentration of acids. No appreciable alteration appeared among the electrophoretic profile of proteins from pristine meal and those treated with lower level of acids. Interfacial surface properties of proteins were variably improved by the solvent extraction, whereas the converse was true for their extent of denaturation. The results suggest that the physico-chemical and conformational properties of RPI are closely related to its functional properties.

Hypertrophic Scar Formation on Application of Terpenoid Fraction of Tuberous Root of Mirabilis jalapa L. on Excision Wound Model in Wistar Albino Rats

International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014

The study was designed to evaluate the effects of hydromethanolic extract of tuberous root of M. ... more The study was designed to evaluate the effects of hydromethanolic extract of tuberous root of M. jalapa and its terpenoid and flavonoid fractions on cutaneous wound healing in Wistar Albino rats. The hydromethanolic extract was subfractionated by sequential extraction in solvents (moderately nonpolar to polar). The extract and its (terpenoid and flavonoid) fractions were used for cutaneous wound healing studies by using excision wound model on rat. Their effects on wound contraction rate, biochemical and histological changes, and expression of growth factors such as collagen 3A, basic fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor were investigated. The results indicated that flavonoid treated group showed significant decrease (< 0.05) in antioxidant enzyme level as compared to control in wound healing process, whereas terpenoid fraction showed significant increase (< 0.05) in expression of growth factor levels but regeneration and remodeling stages were delayed due to formation of thicker ulcus layer and also there were no hair follicle-like blood capillaries formation which ultimately may lead to formation of hypertrophic scar of wound. Therefore, from this study, it can be concluded that terpenoid fraction prolongs proliferation phase and hence may have tendency to convert the wound into hypertrophic wound.

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Rapeseed Protein Isolate: Influence of Antinutrient Removal with Acidified Organic Solvents from Rapeseed Meal

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014

ABSTRACT Presence of anti-nutritional constituents in rapeseed protein products (RPI), such as po... more ABSTRACT Presence of anti-nutritional constituents in rapeseed protein products (RPI), such as polyphenols, phytates, allyl isothiocyanates and glucosinolates is a formidable constraint. Effect of anti-nutrients removal from rapeseed meal with organic solvent mixture (methanol-acetone, 1:1 v/v, combined with an acid (hydrochloric, acetic, perchloric, trichloroacetic, phosphoric)) on the physico-chemical and functional properties of RPI was investigated. The extraction resulted in substantial reduction of anti-nutrients from RPI, especially polyphenols and phytates, with concomitant decrease in protein yield and solubility. Treatment harbored significant improvement in their Degree of Whiteness, which was highest in the perchloric acid case. Surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl group of RPI changed considerably, with perchloric acid-treated samples showing higher values; while the disulfide content remarkably increased in trichloroacetic and phosphoric acid-treated samples, signifying aggregation. Intrinsic emission fluorescence and FTIR spectra showed significant changes in proteins&#39; tertiary and secondary conformations, and the changes were more pronounced in samples treated with higher concentration of acids. No appreciable alteration appeared among the electrophoretic profile of proteins from pristine meal and those treated with lower level of acids. Interfacial surface properties of proteins were variably improved by the solvent extraction, whereas the converse was true for their extent of denaturation. The results suggest that the physico-chemical and conformational properties of RPI are closely related to its functional properties.

Protection by a transdermal patch containing eserine and pralidoxime chloride for prophylaxis against (±)-Anatoxin A poisoning in rats

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014

The prophylactic and neuroprotective impact of a transdermal patch containing eserine and pralido... more The prophylactic and neuroprotective impact of a transdermal patch containing eserine and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) against (±)-Anatoxin A poisoning was investigated using Wistar strain albino rats. Rats were smooth-shaved on the dorsal side, attached with a drug-in-adhesive matrix type prophylactic transdermal patch for 72 h and challenged with subcutaneous injection of three doses (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0×LD50) of (±)-Anatoxin A. The LD50 value of (±)-Anatoxin A was determined to be 1.25mg/kg, and at this particular dose (1.0×LD50) of toxin induced severe clinical symptom including extreme seizures in rats, resulting acute brain injuries in discrete brain regions, leading to 100% mortality within 5 min. The anticonvulsant effect, antiarrythmic effect, nerve conduction study, clinical observations and mortality, neuroprotective effect as well as skin histopathology of the prophylactic transdermal patch against (±)-Anatoxin A poisoning were investigated systematically. It was found that seizures, tachycardia, nerve damage, clinical symptoms, brain injuries and mortality induced by such lethal toxin were effectively prevented by the prophylactic patch treatment up to certain LD50 level. Hence, it could be a choice of potential therapeutic regimen against such lethal poisoning.

In vivo evaluation of cutaneous wound healing activity of Mirabilis jalapa L radix

Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 2013

The present study was to evaluate in vivo cutaneous wound healing activity of hydromethanolic ext... more The present study was to evaluate in vivo cutaneous wound healing activity of hydromethanolic extract of M. jalapa radix and to validate its traditional use as medicine for wound healing. In excision wound model, the wound area was measured on the day of infliction (zero day) and subsequently at 4 days interval until the completion of wound healing. In dead space wound model, on 10th post wounding day, the granulation tissues were harvested for estimation of blotting of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF 2) and collagen type III (COL 3A), hydroxyproline content and histological studies. A significant increase (p<0.05) in rate of wound contraction, decrease in Colony Forming Unit (CFU) count and decrease in epithelisation period was observed in 5 and 10 % treated groups as compared to control. A significant increase (p<0.05) in hydroxyproline content, upregulated expression of COL 3Awas observed in treated groups as compared to control which was supported by histological evidences. Increase in rate of wound contraction, hydroxyproline content and COL 3A, decrease in epithelisation period and CFUs count shows the wound healing activity of M.jalapa and validate its traditional use in wound and inflammation.

Comparative Studies on Phytoconstituents, Total Phenolic Content and Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Some of the Traditionally Used Medicinal plants of North East India

by Jyotchna Gogoi and K S Nakhuru

Potentilla polyphylla, Solanum kurzii and Paedaria foetida are used as remedies against various d... more Potentilla polyphylla, Solanum kurzii and Paedaria foetida are used as remedies against various diseases. Free radicals are one of the critical causative factors in the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases. Phytochemical and biological studies have made it evident that medicinal plants have potentials in the prevention and treatment of those diseases. This study aimed at screening of major phytochemicals and assessing total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of P. polyphylla, S. kurzii and P. foetida to provide a scientific basis of its ethno medical uses. Phytochemicals screening was done using standard procedures. Total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent. Free radical scavenging capacity was determined by DPPH and ABTS assays. P. polyphylla, S. kurzii and P. foetida displayed strong DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity. Among the extracts, P. polyphylla possess the highest free radical scavenging activity with the corresponding ...

‘Foldscope’- A simple and economical microscope

Journal of Biological Education

ABSTRACT A Foldscope is an ultra-affordable paper microscope with a magnification up to 2000X and... more ABSTRACT A Foldscope is an ultra-affordable paper microscope with a magnification up to 2000X and 2 micron resolution. It is economic, durable and easy to handle tool for scientific studies. Many govt. schools of Kamrup district, Assam found it difficult to use microscope in their regular practical classes for its complexity and high cost. For visualization of specimen under Foldscope, light source used is either natural light (during day time) or artificial light source operating on batteries. Being extremely light weight and portable, it could be easily carried along to field for various studies. In the present study, practical sessions and awareness on this instrument was conducted in the govt. and private schools of Kamrup (M), Assam. Students and school authority’s feedback were collected for analyzing the scope of Foldscope in future use as a part of their syllabus. The hands on training of the instrument helped the student’s to understand microscopic world of biology. Hence, it could be concluded that Foldscope could be incorporated in every school’s syllabus for better understanding of biology by reducing school experimental expenses and overcoming the facility constraints.