Papers by Julius Tieguhong
Artisanal gold mining is an activity which provides income and employment to many in the rural ar... more Artisanal gold mining is an activity which provides income and employment to many in the rural areas where it is practised. This activity is an age old practice and in recent years its effects have been extended unto pristine ecological ecosystems. This paper looks at the adverse impacts of artisanal gold in the Ngoyla-Mintom Forest Massif (NMFM) in south eastern Cameroon. Using questionnaire, focus group discussions, interview to stakeholders, direct field observation and data collected from secondary sources, it was revealed that miners earn an average of $160 per month which is close to 2 times the average minimum salary of an average Cameroonian. The results also show that despite its livelihood benefits, artisanal gold mining has negative social impacts on the local population through Health problems, low levels of education, alcoholism and prostitution.. Mining in the NMFM equally leads to deforestation, soil erosion, pollution of river courses, and is also a danger to wildlife conservation. Although the impacts of gold mining in the NMFM on the environment are still at a small scale, they are likely going to increase as the mining population increases. There is need to put in place sustainable management strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of mining on the environment while preserving livelihood incomes.
NTFP are often presented as bringing a major contribution to rural livelihoods in terms of food a... more NTFP are often presented as bringing a major contribution to rural livelihoods in terms of food and cash, and this particularly for rural communities.
International Forestry Review, 2013
ABSTRACT Considerable efforts are being deployed to reduce illegal forestry activities in the Con... more ABSTRACT Considerable efforts are being deployed to reduce illegal forestry activities in the Congo basin forests, but these efforts seem to be concentrated on illegal timber logging and wildlife poaching to the neglect of other illegal forest activities such as Non Timber Forests Products (NTFP) harvesting and trade. This paper applies a choice experiment approach to evaluate policy options that are hypothesised to provide incentives for small scale forest actors to comply with the forestry law governing trade in NTFP in Cameroon. Data was collected from 70 traders. Based on willingness to pay measures, it was revealed that the options most preferred by the sampled traders included a decentralisation of the application process to obtain permits and a reduction in the volume of paper work involved in the process. The authors conclude that acknowledging the preferences of small scale actors can be relevant in reducing illegality in the forestry sector.
Forest Policy and Economics, 2012
Small and medium scale enterprise Non-wood forest products Financial status Market analysis devel... more Small and medium scale enterprise Non-wood forest products Financial status Market analysis development Enterprise development plan This paper analyses the financing gaps of small and medium forest enterprises (SMFEs) in two countries located in central Africa. Total capital required for the development of 151 pilot enterprises in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo was evaluated at US$ 1335025 out of which enterprises own contribution was 63% and the remainder was subject to external assistance. There was consistent variation in capital requirements, own contribution and level of assistance sought among the enterprises. The paper recommends the provision of both technical and targeted financial assistance to SMFEs in central Africa.
Development in Practice, 2012
The potential for combining timber and non-timber forest product extraction has been examined in ... more The potential for combining timber and non-timber forest product extraction has been examined in the context of diversified forest management. Many tropical forests are exploited both commercially for timber and by forest-dependent communities for non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Divergences between these two uses may have significant implications for forest-dependent livelihoods. This article gathers existing examples of conflicts and complementarities between selective logging and non-timber uses of forest from the livelihood perspective. Additionally it draws on three case studies from Brazil, Cameroon and Indonesia to examine by what mechanisms, and to what extent, logging impacts forest resources of livelihood importance, as well as to consider how factors such as logging regime and forest management system may mediate such influences. By doing so we aim to shed further light on a relatively unacknowledged issue in tropical forest management and conservation.
International Forestry Review, 2012
Using the Market Analysis and Development approach to generate the results presented in this pape... more Using the Market Analysis and Development approach to generate the results presented in this paper, it was found that rural communities prefer certain NWFP for increasing their incomes in central Africa. Four enterprise development factors including market/economic, social, environmental and technological considerations were useful criteria for the NWFP selection process. 14 local non-governmental organisations were trained on enterprise development modules that further trained 233 groups with a total membership of 3515 people in 87 villages. Significant variation was observed between countries in terms of total membership and the number of women engaged per group. It was suggested that the promotion of NWFPs through small-scale enterprise development could form an important entry point for poverty alleviation and food security in Central African villages.
Scandinavian Journal of Forest …, 2004
Ndoye, O. and Tieguhong, J. C. (CIFOR Regional Office for Central and West Africa, BP 2008, Yaoun... more Ndoye, O. and Tieguhong, J. C. (CIFOR Regional Office for Central and West Africa, BP 2008, Yaounde, Cameroon). Forest resources and rural livelihoods: the conflict between timber and nontimber forest products in the Congo Basin . Scand. J. For. Res. 19(Suppl. 4): 1 Á/9, 2004.
In Africa conservation areas are increasingly established along national borders where human acti... more In Africa conservation areas are increasingly established along national borders where human activity seems low. In reality border areas are often vibrant places of economic interaction. This article looks at conservation opportunities and challenges posed by cross border natural resource trade in the Sangha River Region, which straddles the borders of Cameroon, the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo. It argues that conservation projects and forestry administrations can and should contribute to trade liberalisation, thereby unlocking the economic potential in poor and remote forest areas. If accompanied with strict law enforcement in cases of major disruptive and illegal practices, policies in this direction can help to integrate development and conservation objectives.
In Cameroon, the evolution towards the sustainable use of forest products can be classified into ... more In Cameroon, the evolution towards the sustainable use of forest products can be classified into five main dimensions: ecological, social, economic, institutional and technical. For sustainable forest management to be achieved, the social, economic and ecological aspects need to be properly integrated and understood by all stakeholders involved in the forest sector of Cameroon
The focus of this study is on the importance of bushmeat to the economies of 99 hunting household... more The focus of this study is on the importance of bushmeat to the economies of 99 hunting households in two logging towns, northern boundary of the Lobeke National Park, East Province of Cameroon. In this area, bushmeat was the major source of daily animal protein and an estimated 37 960 wild animals were killed each year or 104 animals per day. In general, 62% of the hunted animals were sold for cash income while 38% were consumed by the hunters and their families. An annual gross income from the bushmeat to hunters was estimated at 234 058 548 CFA Francs (US$ 469 117) while gross revenue from 11 other income generating activities accessed by the hunters was only 4.5% of the income from hunting. Various costs represented 69.4% of the gross hunting revenues. Average hunting income was twice higher than the income of a junior technician and about the same as that of a senior technician working at SEFAC (logging company). The income of hunters at the higher end of the income range was c...
This study was designed to capture the complexity of man-to-forest relationships in the endangere... more This study was designed to capture the complexity of man-to-forest relationships in the endangered, world-renowned tropical rain forests of the Congo Basin in Africa. Their biological complexity and integrity have been challenged by human development and new knowledge is urgently needed to save these forests and the people dependent on them. The scope of the study was enormous because of the complexity of the resource, the diversity of forest-dependent people and actors. The major benefit of this research was in accessing and exposing new and quantitative information in remote settlements of the region by applying innovative methodologies and analytical techniques. These included: 1. The definition of forest-dependency based on detailed annual inventories of sources of households' incomes, their statistical ranking and interpretation with logistic regressions, and the Kuznets ratio and Gini coefficients as introduced by the World Bank; 2. critical appraisal of the international parks in the region based on auto-financing principles and tested with contingent valuation and tax maximization techniques, such as Laffer's curves, and leading to the development of new conservation models of financial self-sufficiency and a new formula for practical park management; 3. the critique of poaching by explaining and exposing food insecurities, especially deficient supplies of animal protein and associated malnutrition among the rural poor; 4. assessment of housing inadequacy among forest dwellers and its impact on forest regeneration and resources; 5. clarification of the impacts of timber logging by accessing detailed unpublished information from timber companies; 6. the introduction of survey-based valuation techniques as essential prerequisites to policy formulation and the sustainable management of forests; 7. proposing a flow chart that embraced the resources and stakeholders through the flow of market values and services for further exploration.
Discovery and innovation
This paper provides an overview and synthesis of the processing and marketing of NWFP in Africa. ... more This paper provides an overview and synthesis of the processing and marketing of NWFP in Africa. Indeed, NWFPs provide a livelihood support system for forest communities and poor urban households in terms of food, medicines, income and employment. However, forest communities remain poor, always struggling to make a living rather than improving their status quo. This trend raises concern whether NWFPs constitute a poverty trap, a safety net or a resource for rural development and poverty alleviation. This paper tries to address some of these concerns with the main objective of drawing lessons from experiences across the African continent on the opportunities and challenges of the NWFPs sector. Such lessons are considered very important in informing the development of policies in future that can better contribute and sustain the provision of income and livelihood to stakeholders. Lessons drawn from this analysis shows that organised production, processing and marketing of NWFPs can in...
"This paper makes a commodity-chain analysis on the capture and trade of the African grey pa... more "This paper makes a commodity-chain analysis on the capture and trade of the African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) from Lobeke National Park area in the East Province of Cameroon. The African grey parrot has been noted as one of man's friendliest pets with popularity attributed to its intelligence, cognitive, communicative and extraordinary mimetic abilities. Worldwide, the African Grey Parrot is the third most commonly traded wild bird species. Being a CITES' Appendix II species, Cameroon's export quota of 12000 African grey parrots is worth some US$ 12 million in European markets. The Lobeke National Park area supplies 80% of the birds with seven stakeholders involved in the commodity-chain. These stakeholders earn differential amounts with total annual gross revenue. The trappers, government and licensees get just 0.1-0.18%, 1.6% and 0.6- 0.8% respectively of what the importers get. These statistics are indicative that very small proportion of the money gener...
At the World Forestry Congresses (WFC) in 2003 and 2009, good governance and efficient institutio... more At the World Forestry Congresses (WFC) in 2003 and 2009, good governance and efficient institutions were reiterated as necessary indicators to consider when measuring positive outcomes resulting from long-term thinking in the forest discourse at all levels. It was further stressed that without good governance and effective institutions, the scope of sustainable forest management will remain limited. This discourse dwells on concepts such as democratisation, accountability, empowerment, equity, corruption, illegality, governance and transparency. Examined in this paper are the practical applications of four of the latter interrelated concepts as they relate to the production, transportation and trade of non-wood forest products, and looking specifically at a case study on Gnetum spp, a leafy vegetable in Cameroon. Data was collected from traders on all of the financial transactions involved in accessing, transporting and selling Gnetum spp from the zone of production to the point of ...
Food Science & Nutrition, 2015
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Papers by Julius Tieguhong