Territorial differentiation of the European Union intellectual capital
Kapitał intelektualny, obok kapitału finansowego, przesądza o bogactwie danej gospodarki. Dotychc... more Kapitał intelektualny, obok kapitału finansowego, przesądza o bogactwie danej gospodarki. Dotychczas nie został jednoznacznie zdefiniowany, co utrudnia identyfikację zasobów niematerialnych kraju oraz ich pomiar. W rezultacie celem rozprawy była systematyzacja wiedzy w tym obszarze, opracowanie koncepcji pomiaru NIC krajów UE oraz jej zastosowanie. Założono, że na poziom kapitału intelektualnego krajów Unii Europejskiej mają wpływ: kapitał ludzki, kapitał społeczny, kapitał strukturalny i kapitał relacyjny, co zostało pozytywnie zweryfikowane. Stwierdzono również, że najwyższy poziom kapitału intelektualnego charakteryzuje kraje nordyckie, zlokalizowane na północy terytorium UE, natomiast najniższy poziom dotyczy państw położonych w południowo-wschodniej części UE.Intellectual capital, like financial capital, determines the wealth of an economy. It has not been clearly defined so far, what makes difficult with identify and measure the country's intangible resources. As a result,...
The broadening of the concept of intellectual capital from the micro level to the macro level pre... more The broadening of the concept of intellectual capital from the micro level to the macro level presents a challenge for contemporary researchers. No universal definition of national intellectual capital (NIC) or its taxonomy have been developed as yet. This hampers empirical research on measuring NIC resources, thus rendering it difficult to make crosssectional and temporal comparisons. Therefore, methods are being sought to allow for estimating the volumes of intellectual capital on a macroeconomic level. The purpose of the article is to present an original concept of measuring NIC in the European Union (EU) countries, construct a synthetic measure of NIC on the basis of TOPSIS method, and create a ranking and classification of the EU countries in terms of their NIC resources. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses TOPSIS, which is a multi-criteria decisionmaking method. Findings: The obtained results reveal strong disparities between the EU countries as regards NIC resources. They confirm, moreover, the existence of high intellectual capital resources in the countries of Northern Europe. Practical Implications: The outcomes of the conducted study and its conclusions can be used by decision-makers, both at the EU level and in particular countries. They can also serve as an instrument for bolstering the policies and practices promoting a holistic approach to socio-economic development. Originality/Value: The article contains an original author's concept of measuring NIC resources, which can be applied to cross-sectional and temporal comparisons across EU countries.
Purpose – The aim of the present research paper is to enrich the achievements of science through ... more Purpose – The aim of the present research paper is to enrich the achievements of science through a description of a theoretical-methodological approach to measuring the national intellectual capital (NIC) along with its application in the evaluation of the European Union countries (2015).Research method – The synthetic indicator, describing the intellectual capital of the EU countries was quantified by using the TOPSIS method. The year 2015 is the study period. Results – The estimation results confirm the diversity of the intellectual capital level in the 28 countriesof the EU. The highest index value applies to Sweden. Romania takes the last – 28th place and belongs to the fourth typological group with a very low potential of intellectual capital. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The new perspective on defining and taxonomy of intellectual capital (including ecological capital) is a kind of novum in this area. As a result, the elaborated ranking of the EU coun...
Purpose: The broadening of the concept of intellectual capital from the micro level to the macro ... more Purpose: The broadening of the concept of intellectual capital from the micro level to the macro level presents a challenge for contemporary researchers. No universal definition of national intellectual capital (NIC) or its taxonomy have been developed as yet. This hampers empirical research on measuring NIC resources, thus rendering it difficult to make cross-sectional and temporal comparisons. Therefore, methods are being sought to allow for estimating the volumes of intellectual capital on a macroeconomic level. The purpose of the article is to present an original concept of measuring NIC in the European Union (EU) countries, construct a synthetic measure of NIC on the basis of TOPSIS method, and create a ranking and classification of the EU countries in terms of their NIC resources. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses TOPSIS, which is a multi-criteria decision-making method. Findings: The obtained results reveal strong disparities between the EU countries as regards NIC ...
Territorial differentiation of the European Union intellectual capital
Kapitał intelektualny, obok kapitału finansowego, przesądza o bogactwie danej gospodarki. Dotychc... more Kapitał intelektualny, obok kapitału finansowego, przesądza o bogactwie danej gospodarki. Dotychczas nie został jednoznacznie zdefiniowany, co utrudnia identyfikację zasobów niematerialnych kraju oraz ich pomiar. W rezultacie celem rozprawy była systematyzacja wiedzy w tym obszarze, opracowanie koncepcji pomiaru NIC krajów UE oraz jej zastosowanie. Założono, że na poziom kapitału intelektualnego krajów Unii Europejskiej mają wpływ: kapitał ludzki, kapitał społeczny, kapitał strukturalny i kapitał relacyjny, co zostało pozytywnie zweryfikowane. Stwierdzono również, że najwyższy poziom kapitału intelektualnego charakteryzuje kraje nordyckie, zlokalizowane na północy terytorium UE, natomiast najniższy poziom dotyczy państw położonych w południowo-wschodniej części UE.Intellectual capital, like financial capital, determines the wealth of an economy. It has not been clearly defined so far, what makes difficult with identify and measure the country's intangible resources. As a result,...
The broadening of the concept of intellectual capital from the micro level to the macro level pre... more The broadening of the concept of intellectual capital from the micro level to the macro level presents a challenge for contemporary researchers. No universal definition of national intellectual capital (NIC) or its taxonomy have been developed as yet. This hampers empirical research on measuring NIC resources, thus rendering it difficult to make crosssectional and temporal comparisons. Therefore, methods are being sought to allow for estimating the volumes of intellectual capital on a macroeconomic level. The purpose of the article is to present an original concept of measuring NIC in the European Union (EU) countries, construct a synthetic measure of NIC on the basis of TOPSIS method, and create a ranking and classification of the EU countries in terms of their NIC resources. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses TOPSIS, which is a multi-criteria decisionmaking method. Findings: The obtained results reveal strong disparities between the EU countries as regards NIC resources. They confirm, moreover, the existence of high intellectual capital resources in the countries of Northern Europe. Practical Implications: The outcomes of the conducted study and its conclusions can be used by decision-makers, both at the EU level and in particular countries. They can also serve as an instrument for bolstering the policies and practices promoting a holistic approach to socio-economic development. Originality/Value: The article contains an original author's concept of measuring NIC resources, which can be applied to cross-sectional and temporal comparisons across EU countries.
Purpose – The aim of the present research paper is to enrich the achievements of science through ... more Purpose – The aim of the present research paper is to enrich the achievements of science through a description of a theoretical-methodological approach to measuring the national intellectual capital (NIC) along with its application in the evaluation of the European Union countries (2015).Research method – The synthetic indicator, describing the intellectual capital of the EU countries was quantified by using the TOPSIS method. The year 2015 is the study period. Results – The estimation results confirm the diversity of the intellectual capital level in the 28 countriesof the EU. The highest index value applies to Sweden. Romania takes the last – 28th place and belongs to the fourth typological group with a very low potential of intellectual capital. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The new perspective on defining and taxonomy of intellectual capital (including ecological capital) is a kind of novum in this area. As a result, the elaborated ranking of the EU coun...
Purpose: The broadening of the concept of intellectual capital from the micro level to the macro ... more Purpose: The broadening of the concept of intellectual capital from the micro level to the macro level presents a challenge for contemporary researchers. No universal definition of national intellectual capital (NIC) or its taxonomy have been developed as yet. This hampers empirical research on measuring NIC resources, thus rendering it difficult to make cross-sectional and temporal comparisons. Therefore, methods are being sought to allow for estimating the volumes of intellectual capital on a macroeconomic level. The purpose of the article is to present an original concept of measuring NIC in the European Union (EU) countries, construct a synthetic measure of NIC on the basis of TOPSIS method, and create a ranking and classification of the EU countries in terms of their NIC resources. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses TOPSIS, which is a multi-criteria decision-making method. Findings: The obtained results reveal strong disparities between the EU countries as regards NIC ...
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