Thesis Chapters by Julio W . L . Fernandes (Julian Lof)
We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize truth, at least the truth t... more We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize truth, at least the truth that is given us to understand. 1
Leiden University Student's depository, 2021
The Owls in Hieronymus Bosch´s Paintings: An Approach to the Painter´s
Workshop
by Julio Wilson... more The Owls in Hieronymus Bosch´s Paintings: An Approach to the Painter´s
Workshop
by Julio Wilson Lopes Fernandes (Julian F)
MA Arts and Culture Thesis
Supervisor Dr. M.E.W. Boers-Goosens
Second Reader Dr. S.P.M. Bussels
Leiden University
2020-2021
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24755.55841
The autograph nature in Bosch’s works is a complex, endless issue as are his intriguing workshop contributions to the paintings. The Bosch Research and Conservation Project (BRCP) addressed the autograph issue and reached the highest scientific and academic standards in the study of Hieronymus Bosch. Considering all of Hieronymus Bosch’s works, 34 paintings and 24 drawings published by the BRCP I found 43 owls: 28 owls in his paintings and at least 15 owls in his drawings. 41.3% of Bosch´s works (24 cases) presented one or more visible owls. If only the paintings were considered, this incidence reaches 47% (16 cases).
This research is about workshop practice, and as a case study, I chose the owls represented by Bosch. I took the Morelli method aided by my personal classification of the eyes, beaks and head outlines in the depicted owls to distinguish an autograph painting by Bosch and his workshop from a picture made outside the scope of Bosch by fellows and imitators. The main conclusions are as follows.
More than one artist possibly depicted the owls in “The Garden of Earthly Delights”.
One single artist possibly depicted the owls in “The Hermit Saints Triptych”
The owls depicted in the autograph work “The Last Judgement”-Vienna are different from any other owls ever seen in Bosch’s oeuvre, suggesting the participation of different hands from Bosch and his ‘s Hertogenbosch workshop. In the autograph painting “The Temptation of Saint Anthony”-Lisbon at least one owl was painted by a different and clumsy artist. In “The 7 Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things” an impressive owl with long white toes reassured this poplar tabletop as a non-autograph work. A unique owl with a shabby “monkey like” head, nose and eyes, identified “The Conjurer” as a gross pastiche of a lost Bosch painting. “The Arrest of Christ, Crowning with Thorns and Flagellation”-Valencia has an owl which resembles the typical Bosch´s owls, but a closer look in its toes and brush strokes revealed it as a skilful imitation, by an artist who possibly had studied Bosch´s oeuvre.
Final Paper, Graduation on Art History, 2016
In April, 2016, at `s-Hertogenbosh, 500 hundred years after Hieronymus Bosch decease,... more In April, 2016, at `s-Hertogenbosh, 500 hundred years after Hieronymus Bosch decease, the Bosch Research and Conservation Project (BRCP) presented to the international scientific and artistic community the 10 years summit of the most extensive, deep and elaborated study on Boschs life and "oeuvre".
This article is based on the reports presented by the BRCP scholars, scientists, historians, technicians and their books just released at the Bosch Conference.
The author related this ultimate data, to the psychoanalytic theory and its relations with the symbolic understanding, as employed by means of free associations in the clinical and theoretical psychoanalytic investigation.
Key Words: Bosch, The Last Judgement, Hell, Paradise, Sin.
Papers by Julio W . L . Fernandes (Julian Lof)
Jung Journal Culture & Psyche, 2022
Owls are intriguing animals and omnipresent symbols throughout human history from prehistory to c... more Owls are intriguing animals and omnipresent symbols throughout human history from prehistory to contemporary cinematography, challenging art historians, psychologists, and psychoanalysts. In addition to the owl’s simply decorative occurrence in art, owls as symbols—the topic of very few studies—are usually associated with night, death, wisdom, and evil. This article explores the history of the development of owl symbolism and its related archetypal meanings, which has contributed to the understanding of these birds in art, psychology, culture, and semiotics.
Research Gate, 2021
The Dutch painter Hieronymus Bosch depicted owls in at least 47% of his paintings and 33% of his ... more The Dutch painter Hieronymus Bosch depicted owls in at least 47% of his paintings and 33% of his drawings. However, very few studies and speeches have examined this symbol, which is usually associated with night, death, wisdom, and evil, in addition to its occurrence as a possible autographic symbol or simply a decoration. This preliminary essay addresses the significance of owls by analyzing the known accepted context of each autograph painting, enriched by biblical citations as reliable sources from Hieronymus Bosch’s time about his motivations. A new interpretation of The Garden of Earthly Delights emerged with a possible meaning of the pink owl in the left inner panel, as well as an attractive hypothesis about the central panel concerning its location, motif, and the absence of children and elderly people. The author argues that owls have a single, unique, and constant meaning throughout Hieronymus Bosch’s oeuvre.
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Thesis Chapters by Julio W . L . Fernandes (Julian Lof)
Workshop
by Julio Wilson Lopes Fernandes (Julian F)
MA Arts and Culture Thesis
Supervisor Dr. M.E.W. Boers-Goosens
Second Reader Dr. S.P.M. Bussels
Leiden University
2020-2021
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24755.55841
The autograph nature in Bosch’s works is a complex, endless issue as are his intriguing workshop contributions to the paintings. The Bosch Research and Conservation Project (BRCP) addressed the autograph issue and reached the highest scientific and academic standards in the study of Hieronymus Bosch. Considering all of Hieronymus Bosch’s works, 34 paintings and 24 drawings published by the BRCP I found 43 owls: 28 owls in his paintings and at least 15 owls in his drawings. 41.3% of Bosch´s works (24 cases) presented one or more visible owls. If only the paintings were considered, this incidence reaches 47% (16 cases).
This research is about workshop practice, and as a case study, I chose the owls represented by Bosch. I took the Morelli method aided by my personal classification of the eyes, beaks and head outlines in the depicted owls to distinguish an autograph painting by Bosch and his workshop from a picture made outside the scope of Bosch by fellows and imitators. The main conclusions are as follows.
More than one artist possibly depicted the owls in “The Garden of Earthly Delights”.
One single artist possibly depicted the owls in “The Hermit Saints Triptych”
The owls depicted in the autograph work “The Last Judgement”-Vienna are different from any other owls ever seen in Bosch’s oeuvre, suggesting the participation of different hands from Bosch and his ‘s Hertogenbosch workshop. In the autograph painting “The Temptation of Saint Anthony”-Lisbon at least one owl was painted by a different and clumsy artist. In “The 7 Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things” an impressive owl with long white toes reassured this poplar tabletop as a non-autograph work. A unique owl with a shabby “monkey like” head, nose and eyes, identified “The Conjurer” as a gross pastiche of a lost Bosch painting. “The Arrest of Christ, Crowning with Thorns and Flagellation”-Valencia has an owl which resembles the typical Bosch´s owls, but a closer look in its toes and brush strokes revealed it as a skilful imitation, by an artist who possibly had studied Bosch´s oeuvre.
This article is based on the reports presented by the BRCP scholars, scientists, historians, technicians and their books just released at the Bosch Conference.
The author related this ultimate data, to the psychoanalytic theory and its relations with the symbolic understanding, as employed by means of free associations in the clinical and theoretical psychoanalytic investigation.
Key Words: Bosch, The Last Judgement, Hell, Paradise, Sin.
Papers by Julio W . L . Fernandes (Julian Lof)
Workshop
by Julio Wilson Lopes Fernandes (Julian F)
MA Arts and Culture Thesis
Supervisor Dr. M.E.W. Boers-Goosens
Second Reader Dr. S.P.M. Bussels
Leiden University
2020-2021
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24755.55841
The autograph nature in Bosch’s works is a complex, endless issue as are his intriguing workshop contributions to the paintings. The Bosch Research and Conservation Project (BRCP) addressed the autograph issue and reached the highest scientific and academic standards in the study of Hieronymus Bosch. Considering all of Hieronymus Bosch’s works, 34 paintings and 24 drawings published by the BRCP I found 43 owls: 28 owls in his paintings and at least 15 owls in his drawings. 41.3% of Bosch´s works (24 cases) presented one or more visible owls. If only the paintings were considered, this incidence reaches 47% (16 cases).
This research is about workshop practice, and as a case study, I chose the owls represented by Bosch. I took the Morelli method aided by my personal classification of the eyes, beaks and head outlines in the depicted owls to distinguish an autograph painting by Bosch and his workshop from a picture made outside the scope of Bosch by fellows and imitators. The main conclusions are as follows.
More than one artist possibly depicted the owls in “The Garden of Earthly Delights”.
One single artist possibly depicted the owls in “The Hermit Saints Triptych”
The owls depicted in the autograph work “The Last Judgement”-Vienna are different from any other owls ever seen in Bosch’s oeuvre, suggesting the participation of different hands from Bosch and his ‘s Hertogenbosch workshop. In the autograph painting “The Temptation of Saint Anthony”-Lisbon at least one owl was painted by a different and clumsy artist. In “The 7 Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things” an impressive owl with long white toes reassured this poplar tabletop as a non-autograph work. A unique owl with a shabby “monkey like” head, nose and eyes, identified “The Conjurer” as a gross pastiche of a lost Bosch painting. “The Arrest of Christ, Crowning with Thorns and Flagellation”-Valencia has an owl which resembles the typical Bosch´s owls, but a closer look in its toes and brush strokes revealed it as a skilful imitation, by an artist who possibly had studied Bosch´s oeuvre.
This article is based on the reports presented by the BRCP scholars, scientists, historians, technicians and their books just released at the Bosch Conference.
The author related this ultimate data, to the psychoanalytic theory and its relations with the symbolic understanding, as employed by means of free associations in the clinical and theoretical psychoanalytic investigation.
Key Words: Bosch, The Last Judgement, Hell, Paradise, Sin.