Railway transport is the backbone of sustainable mobility. The modal share of passengers transpor... more Railway transport is the backbone of sustainable mobility. The modal share of passengers transported by rail in the EU Member States reached 6.9% in 2018. According to the ‘Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy’ high-speed rail traffic should triple by 2050. To make this happen, the TEN-T corridors need to be completed by 2030. More cross-border projects will be needed to integrate all Member States into a European rail system, in turn establishing smooth interconnections for cross-border rail travel across Europe. To speed up the process, the European Commission will propose in 2021 an action plan to boost long-distance and cross-border passenger rail services. The year 2020 has shown that the railway system is not only sustainable and safe, but also very resilient. The post-COVID-19 period is a unique opportunity for railway undertakings to tap the unused potential and develop more rail passenger services, especially in cross-border contexts. Night trains could increasingly comp...
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, aviation was one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gas... more Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, aviation was one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gas emissions, directly accounting for about 3% of the EU’s total emissions and more than 2% of global emissions. Even though the crisis has caused a visible drop in air traffic and aviation emissions, the upward trend in emissions will likely resume unless further measures are taken to ensure that the sector’s growth is compatible with the European Green Deal objectives. Following the release of the Fit for 55 Package, a number of legislative processes are underway at the EU level to support the aviation sector’s decarbonisation. A key measure in the “Basket of Measures” is increasing the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs), which hold significant potential to reduce aircraft emissions. To this end, the European Commission’s recently published ReFuelEU Aviation Initiative seeks to boost the production and uptake of SAFs in the EU, which today account for a mere 0.05% of total jet fuel...
At present, its scope is focused on the regulation of Energy (electricity and gas markets), of Co... more At present, its scope is focused on the regulation of Energy (electricity and gas markets), of Communications & Media, and of Transport. This series of working papers aims at disseminating the work of scholars and practitioners on current regulatory issues.
Highlights • The recent renewal of the European institutions offers an opportunity for European r... more Highlights • The recent renewal of the European institutions offers an opportunity for European regulation. While the new institutional composition will be in place for the next five years (2019-2024), the legislative and publicspending decisions made under the von der Leyen Commission will have implications for decades to come in terms of shaping the direction of the European transport sector. • While the completion of the Single European Transport Area continues to be work in progress, new global challenges-namely climate change and digitalisation-are exerting additional pressure, but also offer new opportunities for the European transport sector. • Climate change is set to be a central pillar of the next Commission mandate. Having pledged to deliver a 'Green Deal' for Europe in the course of her first 100 days in office, Commission President-elect von der Leyen reaffirmed her commitment to making Europe the world's first climate-neutral continent by enshrining the 2050 objective into law. Achieving this goal will require vast transformations across all sectors of the economy, including transport. • Digitalisation, on the other hand, is adding a new layer of complexity onto transport; yet, if carefully regulated, it has the potential to advance EU sustainability objectives, while at the same time increasing efficiency, enabling smoother and more customer-oriented operations and, not least, enhancing safety. • In this Manifesto, we show that the challenges of digitalisation and sustainability can be turned into opportunities for furthering the Single European Transport Area. • In addition, digitalisation and sustainability are challenges far too big to be tackled only at national levels; both call for a truly European approach. • Furthermore, neither challenge can any longer be addressed in an exclusively sector-specific manner; a resolutely intermodal regulatory framework will thus be in order.
Online platforms are transforming transportation as they create new multi-sided markets connectin... more Online platforms are transforming transportation as they create new multi-sided markets connecting transport providers (often non-professional providers) and passengers, in a way that generates new network effects and distributes them among the participants in the ecosystem. The European carpooling experience shows the power of transport platforms to multiply the traditional sharing of resources and even to substitute collective transportation modes such as railways and buses. Transport platforms raise new regulatory challenges. New regulations must consider that the efficiency created by the platforms derives from pooling together large volumes of users. This is possible if platforms are allowed to provide their intermediation services without taking all the burden of a transport service provider. However, a balanced relationship between the platforms and the service providers on the one side, and the passengers on the other side, has to be ensured. Furthermore, a level playing field with traditional players has to be ensured. Finally, the potential market power has to be taken into consideration.
La actividad administrativa de regulación presenta una excepcional discrecionalidad
que debe ser ... more La actividad administrativa de regulación presenta una excepcional discrecionalidad que debe ser contrarrestada con un específico régimen jurídico de garantía. Una más clara definición legal del interés general y una motivación de la proporcionalidad de la intervención reguladora permitirían un más efectivo control jurisdiccional de la actividad administrativa de regulación. Se incrementarían así la seguridad jurídica y la protección de los derechos de empresas y usuarios.
The recent renewal of the European institutions offers an opportunity for
European regulation. Wh... more The recent renewal of the European institutions offers an opportunity for European regulation. While the new institutional composition will be in place for the next five years (2019–2024), the legislative and publicspending decisions made under the von der Leyen Commission will have implications for decades to come in terms of shaping the direction of the European transport sector. •While the completion of the Single European Transport Area continues to be work in progress, new global challenges – namely climate change and digitalisation – are exerting additional pressure, but also offer new opportunities for the European transport sector. •Climate change is set to be a central pillar of the next Commission mandate. Having pledged to deliver a ‘Green Deal’ for Europe in the course of her first 100 days in office, Commission President-elect von der Leyen reaffirmed her commitment to making Europe the world’s first climate-neutral continent by enshrining the 2050 objective into law. Achieving this goal will require vast transformations across all sectors of the economy, including transport. •Digitalisation, on the other hand, is adding a new layer of complexity onto transport; yet, if carefully regulated, it has the potential to advance EU sustainability objectives, while at the same time increasing efficiency, enabling smoother and more customer-oriented operations and, not least, enhancing safety. •In this Manifesto, we show that the challenges of digitalisation and sustainability can be turned into opportunities for furthering the Single European Transport Area. •In addition, digitalisation and sustainability are challenges far too big to be tackled only at national levels; both call for a truly European approach. •Furthermore, neither challenge can any longer be addressed in an exclusively sector-specific manner; a resolutely intermodal regulatory framework will thus be in order
As technology reduces transaction costs, digital platforms are creating a new industrial organisa... more As technology reduces transaction costs, digital platforms are creating a new industrial organisation model to coordinate economic actors. This new model is in competition with the hierarchical coordination inside large-scale firms. The regulation adopted over the last century for large-scale integrated firms cannot be automatically extended to platforms. Regulation should be built on the understanding of the role of platforms as intermediaries, on a massive scale, with the power to coordinate markets without owning the assets for the provision of services.
Railway transport is the backbone of sustainable mobility. The modal share of passengers transpor... more Railway transport is the backbone of sustainable mobility. The modal share of passengers transported by rail in the EU Member States reached 6.9% in 2018. According to the ‘Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy’ high-speed rail traffic should triple by 2050. To make this happen, the TEN-T corridors need to be completed by 2030. More cross-border projects will be needed to integrate all Member States into a European rail system, in turn establishing smooth interconnections for cross-border rail travel across Europe. To speed up the process, the European Commission will propose in 2021 an action plan to boost long-distance and cross-border passenger rail services. The year 2020 has shown that the railway system is not only sustainable and safe, but also very resilient. The post-COVID-19 period is a unique opportunity for railway undertakings to tap the unused potential and develop more rail passenger services, especially in cross-border contexts. Night trains could increasingly comp...
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, aviation was one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gas... more Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, aviation was one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gas emissions, directly accounting for about 3% of the EU’s total emissions and more than 2% of global emissions. Even though the crisis has caused a visible drop in air traffic and aviation emissions, the upward trend in emissions will likely resume unless further measures are taken to ensure that the sector’s growth is compatible with the European Green Deal objectives. Following the release of the Fit for 55 Package, a number of legislative processes are underway at the EU level to support the aviation sector’s decarbonisation. A key measure in the “Basket of Measures” is increasing the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs), which hold significant potential to reduce aircraft emissions. To this end, the European Commission’s recently published ReFuelEU Aviation Initiative seeks to boost the production and uptake of SAFs in the EU, which today account for a mere 0.05% of total jet fuel...
At present, its scope is focused on the regulation of Energy (electricity and gas markets), of Co... more At present, its scope is focused on the regulation of Energy (electricity and gas markets), of Communications & Media, and of Transport. This series of working papers aims at disseminating the work of scholars and practitioners on current regulatory issues.
Highlights • The recent renewal of the European institutions offers an opportunity for European r... more Highlights • The recent renewal of the European institutions offers an opportunity for European regulation. While the new institutional composition will be in place for the next five years (2019-2024), the legislative and publicspending decisions made under the von der Leyen Commission will have implications for decades to come in terms of shaping the direction of the European transport sector. • While the completion of the Single European Transport Area continues to be work in progress, new global challenges-namely climate change and digitalisation-are exerting additional pressure, but also offer new opportunities for the European transport sector. • Climate change is set to be a central pillar of the next Commission mandate. Having pledged to deliver a 'Green Deal' for Europe in the course of her first 100 days in office, Commission President-elect von der Leyen reaffirmed her commitment to making Europe the world's first climate-neutral continent by enshrining the 2050 objective into law. Achieving this goal will require vast transformations across all sectors of the economy, including transport. • Digitalisation, on the other hand, is adding a new layer of complexity onto transport; yet, if carefully regulated, it has the potential to advance EU sustainability objectives, while at the same time increasing efficiency, enabling smoother and more customer-oriented operations and, not least, enhancing safety. • In this Manifesto, we show that the challenges of digitalisation and sustainability can be turned into opportunities for furthering the Single European Transport Area. • In addition, digitalisation and sustainability are challenges far too big to be tackled only at national levels; both call for a truly European approach. • Furthermore, neither challenge can any longer be addressed in an exclusively sector-specific manner; a resolutely intermodal regulatory framework will thus be in order.
Online platforms are transforming transportation as they create new multi-sided markets connectin... more Online platforms are transforming transportation as they create new multi-sided markets connecting transport providers (often non-professional providers) and passengers, in a way that generates new network effects and distributes them among the participants in the ecosystem. The European carpooling experience shows the power of transport platforms to multiply the traditional sharing of resources and even to substitute collective transportation modes such as railways and buses. Transport platforms raise new regulatory challenges. New regulations must consider that the efficiency created by the platforms derives from pooling together large volumes of users. This is possible if platforms are allowed to provide their intermediation services without taking all the burden of a transport service provider. However, a balanced relationship between the platforms and the service providers on the one side, and the passengers on the other side, has to be ensured. Furthermore, a level playing field with traditional players has to be ensured. Finally, the potential market power has to be taken into consideration.
La actividad administrativa de regulación presenta una excepcional discrecionalidad
que debe ser ... more La actividad administrativa de regulación presenta una excepcional discrecionalidad que debe ser contrarrestada con un específico régimen jurídico de garantía. Una más clara definición legal del interés general y una motivación de la proporcionalidad de la intervención reguladora permitirían un más efectivo control jurisdiccional de la actividad administrativa de regulación. Se incrementarían así la seguridad jurídica y la protección de los derechos de empresas y usuarios.
The recent renewal of the European institutions offers an opportunity for
European regulation. Wh... more The recent renewal of the European institutions offers an opportunity for European regulation. While the new institutional composition will be in place for the next five years (2019–2024), the legislative and publicspending decisions made under the von der Leyen Commission will have implications for decades to come in terms of shaping the direction of the European transport sector. •While the completion of the Single European Transport Area continues to be work in progress, new global challenges – namely climate change and digitalisation – are exerting additional pressure, but also offer new opportunities for the European transport sector. •Climate change is set to be a central pillar of the next Commission mandate. Having pledged to deliver a ‘Green Deal’ for Europe in the course of her first 100 days in office, Commission President-elect von der Leyen reaffirmed her commitment to making Europe the world’s first climate-neutral continent by enshrining the 2050 objective into law. Achieving this goal will require vast transformations across all sectors of the economy, including transport. •Digitalisation, on the other hand, is adding a new layer of complexity onto transport; yet, if carefully regulated, it has the potential to advance EU sustainability objectives, while at the same time increasing efficiency, enabling smoother and more customer-oriented operations and, not least, enhancing safety. •In this Manifesto, we show that the challenges of digitalisation and sustainability can be turned into opportunities for furthering the Single European Transport Area. •In addition, digitalisation and sustainability are challenges far too big to be tackled only at national levels; both call for a truly European approach. •Furthermore, neither challenge can any longer be addressed in an exclusively sector-specific manner; a resolutely intermodal regulatory framework will thus be in order
As technology reduces transaction costs, digital platforms are creating a new industrial organisa... more As technology reduces transaction costs, digital platforms are creating a new industrial organisation model to coordinate economic actors. This new model is in competition with the hierarchical coordination inside large-scale firms. The regulation adopted over the last century for large-scale integrated firms cannot be automatically extended to platforms. Regulation should be built on the understanding of the role of platforms as intermediaries, on a massive scale, with the power to coordinate markets without owning the assets for the provision of services.
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Papers by Juan Montero
que debe ser contrarrestada con un específico régimen jurídico
de garantía. Una más clara definición legal del interés general y una motivación
de la proporcionalidad de la intervención reguladora permitirían un más
efectivo control jurisdiccional de la actividad administrativa de regulación.
Se incrementarían así la seguridad jurídica y la protección de los derechos de
empresas y usuarios.
European regulation. While the new institutional composition will be
in place for the next five years (2019–2024), the legislative and publicspending decisions made under the von der Leyen Commission will have
implications for decades to come in terms of shaping the direction of the
European transport sector.
•While the completion of the Single European Transport Area continues
to be work in progress, new global challenges – namely climate change
and digitalisation – are exerting additional pressure, but also offer new
opportunities for the European transport sector.
•Climate change is set to be a central pillar of the next Commission
mandate. Having pledged to deliver a ‘Green Deal’ for Europe in the
course of her first 100 days in office, Commission President-elect von
der Leyen reaffirmed her commitment to making Europe the world’s
first climate-neutral continent by enshrining the 2050 objective into law.
Achieving this goal will require vast transformations across all sectors of
the economy, including transport.
•Digitalisation, on the other hand, is adding a new layer of complexity
onto transport; yet, if carefully regulated, it has the potential to advance
EU sustainability objectives, while at the same time increasing efficiency,
enabling smoother and more customer-oriented operations and, not
least, enhancing safety.
•In this Manifesto, we show that the challenges of digitalisation and
sustainability can be turned into opportunities for furthering the Single
European Transport Area.
•In addition, digitalisation and sustainability are challenges far too big to
be tackled only at national levels; both call for a truly European approach.
•Furthermore, neither challenge can any longer be addressed in an
exclusively sector-specific manner; a resolutely intermodal regulatory
framework will thus be in order
que debe ser contrarrestada con un específico régimen jurídico
de garantía. Una más clara definición legal del interés general y una motivación
de la proporcionalidad de la intervención reguladora permitirían un más
efectivo control jurisdiccional de la actividad administrativa de regulación.
Se incrementarían así la seguridad jurídica y la protección de los derechos de
empresas y usuarios.
European regulation. While the new institutional composition will be
in place for the next five years (2019–2024), the legislative and publicspending decisions made under the von der Leyen Commission will have
implications for decades to come in terms of shaping the direction of the
European transport sector.
•While the completion of the Single European Transport Area continues
to be work in progress, new global challenges – namely climate change
and digitalisation – are exerting additional pressure, but also offer new
opportunities for the European transport sector.
•Climate change is set to be a central pillar of the next Commission
mandate. Having pledged to deliver a ‘Green Deal’ for Europe in the
course of her first 100 days in office, Commission President-elect von
der Leyen reaffirmed her commitment to making Europe the world’s
first climate-neutral continent by enshrining the 2050 objective into law.
Achieving this goal will require vast transformations across all sectors of
the economy, including transport.
•Digitalisation, on the other hand, is adding a new layer of complexity
onto transport; yet, if carefully regulated, it has the potential to advance
EU sustainability objectives, while at the same time increasing efficiency,
enabling smoother and more customer-oriented operations and, not
least, enhancing safety.
•In this Manifesto, we show that the challenges of digitalisation and
sustainability can be turned into opportunities for furthering the Single
European Transport Area.
•In addition, digitalisation and sustainability are challenges far too big to
be tackled only at national levels; both call for a truly European approach.
•Furthermore, neither challenge can any longer be addressed in an
exclusively sector-specific manner; a resolutely intermodal regulatory
framework will thus be in order