The purpose of this paper is to introduce an integrative approach to working with clients experie... more The purpose of this paper is to introduce an integrative approach to working with clients experiencing problems related to financial disempowerment. The multi-stage model integrates three theoretically-driven psychotherapy approaches, including cognitive behavioral, narrative, and Virginia Satir's experiential therapies, and financial counseling techniques to increase one's sense of financial empowerment. A case study is included to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the model.
We know from the recommendations for supervisors and trainers that in addition to being culturall... more We know from the recommendations for supervisors and trainers that in addition to being culturally sensitive, supervisors need to be: • Cross-culturally sensitive when working with international student therapists. Being cross-culturally sensitive in supervision would include assessing supervisees’ levels of acculturation without expecting them to acculturate to the U.S. culture at the expense of their own culture
Interviews with 25 military wives to elicit their lived experience of OIF/OEF deployment found tw... more Interviews with 25 military wives to elicit their lived experience of OIF/OEF deployment found two main themes: the recipe for being a good military wife and managing split loyalties. Military wives' experience reflected a disenfranchised existence. Their stress was exacerbated by the reality of the composition of their marital relationship-a couple-military threesome-that they bore in silence. Their marginalization did not deter them from supporting their husbands the best they could, reflecting their inherent strength and resilience. The wives had a recipe that helped them manage the stresses inherent in deployment. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated efficacy in treating major ... more Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated efficacy in treating major depressive disorder. EMDR increases cerebral perfusion in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Activity in the ACC and dlPFC can be measured by theta cordance (TC) but has not been examined in EMDR. Ten participants (3 men, 7 women, M age = 42.31 ± 15.03) received ten 75 ± 15 minute EMDR sessions over 6.5 ± .5 weeks. Results indicated that PHQ-9 depression scores reduced from T1 (M = 13.9 ± 3.31) to T11 (M = 6.30 ± 3.23) with EMDR (SMD = 2.30), and that fTC but not pfTC was significantly related to this change. Depression declined as fTC declined. EMDR may engage the dlPFC or ACC that modulates depression and aid in reducing fTC and thus depression levels.
Muslims are frequent targets of negative stereotypes and discrimination, especially after the 9/1... more Muslims are frequent targets of negative stereotypes and discrimination, especially after the 9/11 attacks and the rhetoric of the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign. This study examined how 129 American Muslim couples cope with perceived religion-based discrimination. Results indicate that perceiving that one's religion is accepted by the community is negatively related to discrimination, and overt markers of Islam for men (clothing/grooming styles) is positively related to discrimination. Further, discrimination is linked with negative interactions between couples, which in turn is linked to lower relationship satisfaction. In other words, discrimination has an indirect effect on satisfaction through negative couple interactions. This indirect effect can be buffered by couples' joint coping skills only when these skills are sufficiently developed.
While eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered an evidence-based treatm... more While eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults, there are differences as to how various international treatment guidelines judge the strength of this evidence base. Furthermore, in areas other than adult PTSD, major guidelines differ even more as to the strength of the evidence base and when to use EMDR. In 2019, the Council of Scholars: The Future of EMDR Therapy Project was initiated. Several working groups were established, with one assigned to the focus area of research. This article is a product of that working group. Firstly the group concluded that there were five areas where there was some base that EMDR was effective, but more data were needed to increase the likelihood that it would be considered in future international treatment guidelines. These areas were PTSD in children and adolescents, early EMDR interventions, combat PTSD, unipolar depression, and chronic pain. I...
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to gain understanding of the health issues and needs of... more INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to gain understanding of the health issues and needs of rural adolescents by listening to their voices and eliciting their personal perspectives. Rural counties in the USA are defined as having 6-19.9 persons per square mile. METHODS Focus group interviews were conducted with 65 adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years old, from four rural counties in the USA. These counties are medically underserved with one primary care physician per 3500 population. Grounded theory analysis was utilized to identify overarching themes. RESULTS Thematic content analysis revealed two themes of health issues - making healthy choices and lack of pro-social, health-promoting role models - and four themes of health needs - privacy, reliable information, accessible health care, and prioritizing health. The findings that speak to the complexity of adolescent health go beyond the inability to access health care and may provide important information that can help mitigate some of the obstacles to adolescents accessing health care in rural settings. A main contributor to adolescents' health choices is the lack of positive role models. Adolescents look for role models in their parents, siblings, peers and adults in their communities. The absence of positive role models means adolescents lack guidance at an age when they are highly impressionable. Contrary to general perceptions that adolescents do not want to affiliate with their parents, adolescents in this study desired connection with their parents and adults in general. Adolescents in the study called for 'frank' discussions with adults about stress management, consequences of substance abuse, realities of adolescent pregnancy and sexual health. It is through open dialogue and frank conversations with adults that adolescents believe they would best obtain the type of credible, realistic health information they need. Common features of rural settings such as familiarity and close-knit communities, though integral in developing a sense belonging, can be an impediment to privacy. Lack of exposure and resources to educate residents of rural communities may enhance biases against the mentally and physically ill. Biases can lead to the stigma associated with seeking health care that in turn leads to distancing and fear promotion, making it difficult, and at times impossible, for adolescents to seek the health care they need. CONCLUSIONS Barriers to developmentally necessary health care and health information that all adolescents need are compounded by the unique rural socio-environment and the involvement of multiple systems - family, school, peers, and healthcare providers - rooted within communities that may hinder adolescents from becoming thriving, contributing citizens. It is crucial that adults in rural communities seek to hear, strengthen, and empower young people through education, sharing of personal experiences and struggles, focusing adolescents' time and energies on positive, pro-health activities, and providing positive role models. Attaining and maintaining good health is a lifelong process. Learning how to be healthy takes time and effort. Communities that lack recreational resources for adolescents to have positive 'down time to unwind', engage with others in the community and re-energize do a disservice to adolescents who want to be active and thriving. The lack of healthy forms of recreation and community engagement can lead to boredom, and engagement in activities that may not be the safest or healthiest.
This study examined how open communication between spouses may buffer against discrimination expe... more This study examined how open communication between spouses may buffer against discrimination experienced by Black-White couples. Results from 178 couples analyzed using a combination of common-fate and actor-partner interdependence models, indicated that for Black partners, marital satisfaction was not contingent on the level of openness when experiences of couple discrimination were low. When experiences of couple discrimination were high, levels of marital satisfaction were maintained among partners who reported high openness and reduced among partners who reported low openness. Moderation effects were not found for White partners. The results suggest that because Black partners are more aware of and sensitized to discrimination, White partners' abilities to attune to their partners' needs for support could help enhance their relationships.
The experience of exercise among women survivors of sexual violence is a multifaceted phenomenon.... more The experience of exercise among women survivors of sexual violence is a multifaceted phenomenon. In effort to inform treatment interventions, we used a phenomenological approach to describe the lived experience of exercise among women survivors of sexual violence. Data analysis from a focus group discussion and individual interviews with eight women survivors receiving services at a rape crisis center (RCC) revealed four themes: exercising (and not exercising) fosters safety, exercising is risky, past trauma restricts exercise choices, and exercising is beneficial. Findings indicate that survivors’ experience of exercise is related to their connections with self and their social environment. Survivors’ choices related to exercise were impacted by their stage of recovery. A variety of social-contextual factors appeared to support or impede motivation to exercise and it was not disinterest in exercise or low confidence in the ability to exercise, but restricted exercise options perce...
Street/public harassment framed as stranger intrusion more accurately recognizes and accounts for... more Street/public harassment framed as stranger intrusion more accurately recognizes and accounts for the potential harm perpetrated on survivors of harassment. Considering the #MeToo Movement, this paper highlights the ubiquitous nature of street/public harassment and the overlooked emotional and physical harm daily perpetrated in public spaces onto marginalized groups. This paper describes possible healing and meaning making that gendering and renaming street/public harassment can offer to survivors of such harassment, what helps perpetuate such acts, recourse for survivors, and the role of practitioners and family scholars in combatting the origins and effects of street/public harassment. Implications of understanding the harm of stranger intrusion include working towards social change to non-normalize stranger intrusion, facilitating healing, and working with perpetrators to increase accountability.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce an integrative approach to working with clients experie... more The purpose of this paper is to introduce an integrative approach to working with clients experiencing problems related to financial disempowerment. The multi-stage model integrates three theoretically-driven psychotherapy approaches, including cognitive behavioral, narrative, and Virginia Satir's experiential therapies, and financial counseling techniques to increase one's sense of financial empowerment. A case study is included to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the model.
We know from the recommendations for supervisors and trainers that in addition to being culturall... more We know from the recommendations for supervisors and trainers that in addition to being culturally sensitive, supervisors need to be: • Cross-culturally sensitive when working with international student therapists. Being cross-culturally sensitive in supervision would include assessing supervisees’ levels of acculturation without expecting them to acculturate to the U.S. culture at the expense of their own culture
Interviews with 25 military wives to elicit their lived experience of OIF/OEF deployment found tw... more Interviews with 25 military wives to elicit their lived experience of OIF/OEF deployment found two main themes: the recipe for being a good military wife and managing split loyalties. Military wives' experience reflected a disenfranchised existence. Their stress was exacerbated by the reality of the composition of their marital relationship-a couple-military threesome-that they bore in silence. Their marginalization did not deter them from supporting their husbands the best they could, reflecting their inherent strength and resilience. The wives had a recipe that helped them manage the stresses inherent in deployment. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated efficacy in treating major ... more Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated efficacy in treating major depressive disorder. EMDR increases cerebral perfusion in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Activity in the ACC and dlPFC can be measured by theta cordance (TC) but has not been examined in EMDR. Ten participants (3 men, 7 women, M age = 42.31 ± 15.03) received ten 75 ± 15 minute EMDR sessions over 6.5 ± .5 weeks. Results indicated that PHQ-9 depression scores reduced from T1 (M = 13.9 ± 3.31) to T11 (M = 6.30 ± 3.23) with EMDR (SMD = 2.30), and that fTC but not pfTC was significantly related to this change. Depression declined as fTC declined. EMDR may engage the dlPFC or ACC that modulates depression and aid in reducing fTC and thus depression levels.
Muslims are frequent targets of negative stereotypes and discrimination, especially after the 9/1... more Muslims are frequent targets of negative stereotypes and discrimination, especially after the 9/11 attacks and the rhetoric of the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign. This study examined how 129 American Muslim couples cope with perceived religion-based discrimination. Results indicate that perceiving that one's religion is accepted by the community is negatively related to discrimination, and overt markers of Islam for men (clothing/grooming styles) is positively related to discrimination. Further, discrimination is linked with negative interactions between couples, which in turn is linked to lower relationship satisfaction. In other words, discrimination has an indirect effect on satisfaction through negative couple interactions. This indirect effect can be buffered by couples' joint coping skills only when these skills are sufficiently developed.
While eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered an evidence-based treatm... more While eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is considered an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults, there are differences as to how various international treatment guidelines judge the strength of this evidence base. Furthermore, in areas other than adult PTSD, major guidelines differ even more as to the strength of the evidence base and when to use EMDR. In 2019, the Council of Scholars: The Future of EMDR Therapy Project was initiated. Several working groups were established, with one assigned to the focus area of research. This article is a product of that working group. Firstly the group concluded that there were five areas where there was some base that EMDR was effective, but more data were needed to increase the likelihood that it would be considered in future international treatment guidelines. These areas were PTSD in children and adolescents, early EMDR interventions, combat PTSD, unipolar depression, and chronic pain. I...
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to gain understanding of the health issues and needs of... more INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to gain understanding of the health issues and needs of rural adolescents by listening to their voices and eliciting their personal perspectives. Rural counties in the USA are defined as having 6-19.9 persons per square mile. METHODS Focus group interviews were conducted with 65 adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years old, from four rural counties in the USA. These counties are medically underserved with one primary care physician per 3500 population. Grounded theory analysis was utilized to identify overarching themes. RESULTS Thematic content analysis revealed two themes of health issues - making healthy choices and lack of pro-social, health-promoting role models - and four themes of health needs - privacy, reliable information, accessible health care, and prioritizing health. The findings that speak to the complexity of adolescent health go beyond the inability to access health care and may provide important information that can help mitigate some of the obstacles to adolescents accessing health care in rural settings. A main contributor to adolescents' health choices is the lack of positive role models. Adolescents look for role models in their parents, siblings, peers and adults in their communities. The absence of positive role models means adolescents lack guidance at an age when they are highly impressionable. Contrary to general perceptions that adolescents do not want to affiliate with their parents, adolescents in this study desired connection with their parents and adults in general. Adolescents in the study called for 'frank' discussions with adults about stress management, consequences of substance abuse, realities of adolescent pregnancy and sexual health. It is through open dialogue and frank conversations with adults that adolescents believe they would best obtain the type of credible, realistic health information they need. Common features of rural settings such as familiarity and close-knit communities, though integral in developing a sense belonging, can be an impediment to privacy. Lack of exposure and resources to educate residents of rural communities may enhance biases against the mentally and physically ill. Biases can lead to the stigma associated with seeking health care that in turn leads to distancing and fear promotion, making it difficult, and at times impossible, for adolescents to seek the health care they need. CONCLUSIONS Barriers to developmentally necessary health care and health information that all adolescents need are compounded by the unique rural socio-environment and the involvement of multiple systems - family, school, peers, and healthcare providers - rooted within communities that may hinder adolescents from becoming thriving, contributing citizens. It is crucial that adults in rural communities seek to hear, strengthen, and empower young people through education, sharing of personal experiences and struggles, focusing adolescents' time and energies on positive, pro-health activities, and providing positive role models. Attaining and maintaining good health is a lifelong process. Learning how to be healthy takes time and effort. Communities that lack recreational resources for adolescents to have positive 'down time to unwind', engage with others in the community and re-energize do a disservice to adolescents who want to be active and thriving. The lack of healthy forms of recreation and community engagement can lead to boredom, and engagement in activities that may not be the safest or healthiest.
This study examined how open communication between spouses may buffer against discrimination expe... more This study examined how open communication between spouses may buffer against discrimination experienced by Black-White couples. Results from 178 couples analyzed using a combination of common-fate and actor-partner interdependence models, indicated that for Black partners, marital satisfaction was not contingent on the level of openness when experiences of couple discrimination were low. When experiences of couple discrimination were high, levels of marital satisfaction were maintained among partners who reported high openness and reduced among partners who reported low openness. Moderation effects were not found for White partners. The results suggest that because Black partners are more aware of and sensitized to discrimination, White partners' abilities to attune to their partners' needs for support could help enhance their relationships.
The experience of exercise among women survivors of sexual violence is a multifaceted phenomenon.... more The experience of exercise among women survivors of sexual violence is a multifaceted phenomenon. In effort to inform treatment interventions, we used a phenomenological approach to describe the lived experience of exercise among women survivors of sexual violence. Data analysis from a focus group discussion and individual interviews with eight women survivors receiving services at a rape crisis center (RCC) revealed four themes: exercising (and not exercising) fosters safety, exercising is risky, past trauma restricts exercise choices, and exercising is beneficial. Findings indicate that survivors’ experience of exercise is related to their connections with self and their social environment. Survivors’ choices related to exercise were impacted by their stage of recovery. A variety of social-contextual factors appeared to support or impede motivation to exercise and it was not disinterest in exercise or low confidence in the ability to exercise, but restricted exercise options perce...
Street/public harassment framed as stranger intrusion more accurately recognizes and accounts for... more Street/public harassment framed as stranger intrusion more accurately recognizes and accounts for the potential harm perpetrated on survivors of harassment. Considering the #MeToo Movement, this paper highlights the ubiquitous nature of street/public harassment and the overlooked emotional and physical harm daily perpetrated in public spaces onto marginalized groups. This paper describes possible healing and meaning making that gendering and renaming street/public harassment can offer to survivors of such harassment, what helps perpetuate such acts, recourse for survivors, and the role of practitioners and family scholars in combatting the origins and effects of street/public harassment. Implications of understanding the harm of stranger intrusion include working towards social change to non-normalize stranger intrusion, facilitating healing, and working with perpetrators to increase accountability.
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