Background Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective... more Background Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18-85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25-75 mL/min per 1•73 m² of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 300-5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin-angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0•75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders) were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0•75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days) or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1•73 m² sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure) in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532.
ABSTRACT We perform the computation of the effective potential of the Wess-Zumino model in anti-d... more ABSTRACT We perform the computation of the effective potential of the Wess-Zumino model in anti-de Sitter space to one-loop order. This enables us to obtain the renormalization coefficients of the theory and to prove that they are independent of the choice of a particular extremum of the potential. In spite of the fact that a linear superfield insertion is needed to renormalize the model, we show with complete generality that supersymmetry is preserved to one-loop order at every one of the four classically supersymmetric extrema of the effective potential.
Electric and chemical propulsion systems are very important for spacecraft applications. Performa... more Electric and chemical propulsion systems are very important for spacecraft applications. Performance and reliability of propulsion systems are two main areas that have to be demonstrated to any space project. Europe is developing several types of electric and chemical thrusters for application to many satellites. Design, manufacturing and testing of such thrusters is a complex activity that requires a great effort. Full characterisation, qualification, acceptance and plume interaction tests are mandatory in the full assessment of these technologies. The ESA Propulsion Laboratory (EPL) is an operational facility at ESTEC in the spacecraft propulsion testing field. The EPL provides test services to the ESA Propulsion and Aerothermodynamics Division, which is responsible at European Space Agency for R&D activities and support to projects in the areas of chemical propulsion, electric and advanced propulsion and aerothermodynamics. When applicable, the EPL also provides technical advice ...
2008 Eighth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2008
... Agata Sawicka University of Agder, Faculty of Engineering and Science PO box 509, NO-4898 Gri... more ... Agata Sawicka University of Agder, Faculty of Engineering and Science PO box 509, NO-4898 Grimstad, Norway [email protected] Birgit Kopainsky University of Bergen, Department of Geography PO box 7800, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway [email protected] ...
A committee of six scientific organizations from Argentina developed guidelines for the managemen... more A committee of six scientific organizations from Argentina developed guidelines for the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of adherence with the recommended care suggested by the guidelines in patients hospitalized with CAP in Argentina. Using quality indicators the management of 436 patients who were hospitalized in 12 Argentinean institutions was evaluated. The care given among the following areas was reviewed: need for hospitalization, need for oxygen therapy, empiric antibiotic therapy, switch therapy, hospital discharge, and prevention. The level of adherence was classified as optimal…
... in special education requires the development of original adaptive and person-alized software... more ... in special education requires the development of original adaptive and person-alized software and hardware ... We will offer a vision of games as didactic tools and of how they should ... Sc@ut DS, our new tool for learning communication con-cepts addressed to autistic children. ...
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, 2012
Cubic Co3O4 nanoparticles have been produced hydrothermally by mixing high temperature water (sub... more Cubic Co3O4 nanoparticles have been produced hydrothermally by mixing high temperature water (sub-, near to supercritical) with an aqueous cobalt acetate precursor at high pressure. The relationship between operating variables such as synthesis temperature and residence time on particle size and conversion rate was examined. An increasing nanoparticle size was observed when synthesis temperature was increased, particularly in the range
SMART-1 is a technology demonstrator for using primary electric propulsion on interplanetary spac... more SMART-1 is a technology demonstrator for using primary electric propulsion on interplanetary spacecraft. Hence, studying of the interaction of the plasma emitted by the thruster with the environment and the spacecraft is one of the top priorities during the mission. Two experiments (Electronic propulsion diagnostic package and Spacecraft potential, electron and dust experiment) are available to measure the electron densities and temperatures as well as wave electric fields during the operation of the electric propulsion thruster. Additionally, a retarding potential analyser, a quartz microbalance and a solar-cell sample will analyse data from slow charge-exchange ions which are a potential contamination source. ESTEC is developing a 3D particle-in-cell model in order to study the spacecraft/environment interactions on SMART-1 and interpret the measurements. In the present paper, we will review the contamination effects associated with electric propulsion and how the plasma sensors cover them. We further present preliminary results from the numerical simulation and show how the flight data will be used to validate the modelling code. A successful validation of the simulation will support future interplanetary and commercial missions featuring electric propulsion to reduce the risk of contamination and interference with on board instruments.
We apply the renormalization program to the massless Wess-Zumino model in anti-de Sitter space, u... more We apply the renormalization program to the massless Wess-Zumino model in anti-de Sitter space, using the version of Bunch and Parker of the adiabatic expansion. We consider an extrapolation of the dimensional-reduction prescription taking only the momentum of the expansion in D dimensions, while all the other tensors are kept in 0-4 , and show that the supersymmetry Ward identities are satisfied by the divergent one-loop corrections, but are violated by finite local terms proportional to the curvature of the space.
To improve outcome for patients with prostate cancer with poor prognostic factors higher than con... more To improve outcome for patients with prostate cancer with poor prognostic factors higher than conventional radiation doses are required. To achieve this outcome a brachytherapy boost was given. We report the results of the first high dose rate dose-escalation brachytherapy trial. Between 1991 and 2000, 207 patients were prospectively enrolled in a dose escalation trial including pelvic radiotherapy and conformal high dose rate prostate brachytherapy boost. The dose was increased from 5.5 to 11.5 Gy. per implant. Patient eligibility for the study included pretreatment prostate specific antigen 10 or greater, Gleason 7 or greater or clinical stage T2b or higher. No patient received hormonal therapy. The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus panel definition of biochemical failure was applied. Median patient age was 69 years. Mean followup was 4.7 years (range 0.6 to 10.4). The 5-year actuarial biochemical control rate was 74%. The 5-year biochemical control was 85% for 1 poor prognostic factor, 75% for 2 and 50% for all 3 (p = 0.001). On Cox regression multivariate analysis lower brachytherapy dose, and higher Gleason and nadir value were associated with biochemical failure. The 5-year actuarial overall survival was 92%, cause specific survival 98% and disease-free survival 68%. The 5-year actuarial rates of complications were 8% and 0% for grades 3 and 4 genitourinary, and 0.5% and 0.5% for grades 3 and 4 gastrointestinal, respectively. The 5-year actuarial impotence rate was 51%. For patients with poor prognostic factors external beam radiation therapy with conformal high dose rate brachytherapy boost improved biochemical control, resulting in a high cause specific survival rate with low toxicity. Another important advantage is that the patient is not radioactive after the high dose rate implant.
ABSTRACT We assessed the degree of prostate downsizing using androgen deprivation, and determined... more ABSTRACT We assessed the degree of prostate downsizing using androgen deprivation, and determined its relation to clinical and pathological variables. From June 1994 to January 2000, 107 patients with prostate cancer received androgen deprivation before interstitial brachytherapy at our hospital. All charts were reviewed for clinical, pathological and treatment related variables. Prostate volume was measured using transrectal ultrasound. All variables were analyzed with regard to the degree of prostate downsizing. Mean percent volume reduction of the prostate was 33% after a 3.7-month average duration of androgen deprivation. Larger prostate volume before androgen deprivation and longer deprivation duration statistically correlated with mean percent volume reduction. Simple linear and multiple regression analyses revealed that these 2 variables remained significant predictors of percent volume reduction. Subgroup analysis indicated that a significant difference was seen in patients who received androgen deprivation with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists alone versus those who received treatment with total androgen blockade (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists plus antiandrogens 30% versus 35%, p = 0.04), and when prostate volume before androgen deprivation was less than 50 cc versus larger volumes (30% versus 35%, p = 0.01). Of patients with an initial prostate volume of greater than 50 cc 82% achieved a volume of less than 50 cc after androgen deprivation therapy. Androgen deprivation therapy before brachytherapy is a method of downsizing the prostate to overcome anatomical limitations, including larger gland volume and pubic arch interference.
The international gravity waves scientific community has presented the SAGITTARIUS mission in par... more The international gravity waves scientific community has presented the SAGITTARIUS mission in parallel to NASA and ESA during this year 1993. This mission has as main goals the first direct detection of gravitational waves from galactic binary stars and the opening of the Low Frequency (LF) gravitational wave window on the universe. The SAGITTARIUS mission will be formed by six spacecraft, located in a circular earth orbit at an altitude of 600 000 km and linked by laser beams. A laser tracking signal will be generated in each of the respective end spacecraft where will he actively transponded back to the central spacecraft. This system will operate as an interferometer detecting any gravity wave passing through the spacecraft configuration. Each of the spacecraft will contain an accelerometer and will be equipped with the FEEP thrusters, the only propulsion system capable to operate in the range 1lpN-25pN. The thrusters will be driven by output from the accelerometers to provide a ...
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 1995
Radical prostatectomy is an effective treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer. Rece... more Radical prostatectomy is an effective treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer. Recently, the use o[PSA as an indicator of recurrence after radical prostatectomy or radical radiotherapy has shown more failures than expected with either treamtent. In an attempt to better identify factors affecting PSA level elevation after surgery alone, we have reviewed our experience with 201 patients who were treated for clinical stage T1/F2 prostate carcinoma with a minimum 2-year PSA follow up after surgery. This is one of the largest cootenlporary series of patients with prostate cancer treated in the PSA era.
Objective: Adding pelvic radiation to high-dose prostate radiation for prostate cancer patients w... more Objective: Adding pelvic radiation to high-dose prostate radiation for prostate cancer patients with a Ͼ15% risk of positive lymph nodes (LN) is controversial. We performed a matched-pair analysis of patients treated at 2 institutions to assess the impact of pelvic radiotherapy (P-RT). Methods: From January 1993 to March 2003, 2 institutions treated 1432 prostate cancer patients with combined external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Those receiving EBRT were treated either to the prostate and seminal vesicles alone or to the entire pelvis (46 Gy). In all cases, prostate dose (EBRT and HDR) resulted in an average BED Ͼ100 Gy (␣/ ϭ 1.2). There were 755 cases identified as having a pelvic LN risk Ͼ15% using the Roach formula. Of these, 255 cases were treated without pelvic RT and randomly matched by Gleason score, T stage, and pretreatment PSA to 500 cases treated with pelvic RT, resulting in 250 pairs (1:1). Results: Median follow-up was 4.0 years (P ϭ 0.7). The 4-year prostate biochemical failure (22% versus 14%, P ϭ 0.12), distant metastasis (9% versus 4%, P ϭ 0.6), event-free survival (72% versus 78%, P ϭ 0.3), prostate cancer death rate (4% versus 2%, P ϭ 0.9), and overall survival (89% versus 88%, P ϭ 0.7) were not significantly different for patients treated with and without P-RT. Analysis with and without androgen deprivation therapy showed similar results. Conclusion: Improved biochemical, clinical, or survival outcomes were not observed for prostate cancer patients at risk for positive pelvic LN Ͼ15% when treated with high-dose EBRT and HDR brachytherapy to the prostate with or without pelvic radiation.
PurposeIt is widely agreed that amputees have to rely on visual input to monitor and control the ... more PurposeIt is widely agreed that amputees have to rely on visual input to monitor and control the position of the prosthesis while reaching and grasping because of the lack of proprioceptive feedback. Therefore, visual information has been a prerequisite for prosthetic hand biofeedback studies. This is why, the underlying characteristics of other artificial feedback methods used to this day, such as auditive, electro‐tactile, or vibro‐tactile feedback, has not been clearly explored. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether it is possible to use audio feedback alone to convey more than one independent variable (multichannel) simultaneously, without relying on the vision, to improve the learning of a new perceptions, in this case, to learn and understand the artificial proprioception of a prosthetic hand while reaching.Design/methodology/approachExperiments are conducted to determine whether the audio signals could be used as a multi‐variable dynamical sensory substitution in re...
Background Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective... more Background Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18-85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25-75 mL/min per 1•73 m² of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 300-5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin-angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0•75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders) were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0•75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days) or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1•73 m² sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure) in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532.
ABSTRACT We perform the computation of the effective potential of the Wess-Zumino model in anti-d... more ABSTRACT We perform the computation of the effective potential of the Wess-Zumino model in anti-de Sitter space to one-loop order. This enables us to obtain the renormalization coefficients of the theory and to prove that they are independent of the choice of a particular extremum of the potential. In spite of the fact that a linear superfield insertion is needed to renormalize the model, we show with complete generality that supersymmetry is preserved to one-loop order at every one of the four classically supersymmetric extrema of the effective potential.
Electric and chemical propulsion systems are very important for spacecraft applications. Performa... more Electric and chemical propulsion systems are very important for spacecraft applications. Performance and reliability of propulsion systems are two main areas that have to be demonstrated to any space project. Europe is developing several types of electric and chemical thrusters for application to many satellites. Design, manufacturing and testing of such thrusters is a complex activity that requires a great effort. Full characterisation, qualification, acceptance and plume interaction tests are mandatory in the full assessment of these technologies. The ESA Propulsion Laboratory (EPL) is an operational facility at ESTEC in the spacecraft propulsion testing field. The EPL provides test services to the ESA Propulsion and Aerothermodynamics Division, which is responsible at European Space Agency for R&D activities and support to projects in the areas of chemical propulsion, electric and advanced propulsion and aerothermodynamics. When applicable, the EPL also provides technical advice ...
2008 Eighth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2008
... Agata Sawicka University of Agder, Faculty of Engineering and Science PO box 509, NO-4898 Gri... more ... Agata Sawicka University of Agder, Faculty of Engineering and Science PO box 509, NO-4898 Grimstad, Norway [email protected] Birgit Kopainsky University of Bergen, Department of Geography PO box 7800, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway [email protected] ...
A committee of six scientific organizations from Argentina developed guidelines for the managemen... more A committee of six scientific organizations from Argentina developed guidelines for the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of adherence with the recommended care suggested by the guidelines in patients hospitalized with CAP in Argentina. Using quality indicators the management of 436 patients who were hospitalized in 12 Argentinean institutions was evaluated. The care given among the following areas was reviewed: need for hospitalization, need for oxygen therapy, empiric antibiotic therapy, switch therapy, hospital discharge, and prevention. The level of adherence was classified as optimal…
... in special education requires the development of original adaptive and person-alized software... more ... in special education requires the development of original adaptive and person-alized software and hardware ... We will offer a vision of games as didactic tools and of how they should ... Sc@ut DS, our new tool for learning communication con-cepts addressed to autistic children. ...
Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials, 2012
Cubic Co3O4 nanoparticles have been produced hydrothermally by mixing high temperature water (sub... more Cubic Co3O4 nanoparticles have been produced hydrothermally by mixing high temperature water (sub-, near to supercritical) with an aqueous cobalt acetate precursor at high pressure. The relationship between operating variables such as synthesis temperature and residence time on particle size and conversion rate was examined. An increasing nanoparticle size was observed when synthesis temperature was increased, particularly in the range
SMART-1 is a technology demonstrator for using primary electric propulsion on interplanetary spac... more SMART-1 is a technology demonstrator for using primary electric propulsion on interplanetary spacecraft. Hence, studying of the interaction of the plasma emitted by the thruster with the environment and the spacecraft is one of the top priorities during the mission. Two experiments (Electronic propulsion diagnostic package and Spacecraft potential, electron and dust experiment) are available to measure the electron densities and temperatures as well as wave electric fields during the operation of the electric propulsion thruster. Additionally, a retarding potential analyser, a quartz microbalance and a solar-cell sample will analyse data from slow charge-exchange ions which are a potential contamination source. ESTEC is developing a 3D particle-in-cell model in order to study the spacecraft/environment interactions on SMART-1 and interpret the measurements. In the present paper, we will review the contamination effects associated with electric propulsion and how the plasma sensors cover them. We further present preliminary results from the numerical simulation and show how the flight data will be used to validate the modelling code. A successful validation of the simulation will support future interplanetary and commercial missions featuring electric propulsion to reduce the risk of contamination and interference with on board instruments.
We apply the renormalization program to the massless Wess-Zumino model in anti-de Sitter space, u... more We apply the renormalization program to the massless Wess-Zumino model in anti-de Sitter space, using the version of Bunch and Parker of the adiabatic expansion. We consider an extrapolation of the dimensional-reduction prescription taking only the momentum of the expansion in D dimensions, while all the other tensors are kept in 0-4 , and show that the supersymmetry Ward identities are satisfied by the divergent one-loop corrections, but are violated by finite local terms proportional to the curvature of the space.
To improve outcome for patients with prostate cancer with poor prognostic factors higher than con... more To improve outcome for patients with prostate cancer with poor prognostic factors higher than conventional radiation doses are required. To achieve this outcome a brachytherapy boost was given. We report the results of the first high dose rate dose-escalation brachytherapy trial. Between 1991 and 2000, 207 patients were prospectively enrolled in a dose escalation trial including pelvic radiotherapy and conformal high dose rate prostate brachytherapy boost. The dose was increased from 5.5 to 11.5 Gy. per implant. Patient eligibility for the study included pretreatment prostate specific antigen 10 or greater, Gleason 7 or greater or clinical stage T2b or higher. No patient received hormonal therapy. The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus panel definition of biochemical failure was applied. Median patient age was 69 years. Mean followup was 4.7 years (range 0.6 to 10.4). The 5-year actuarial biochemical control rate was 74%. The 5-year biochemical control was 85% for 1 poor prognostic factor, 75% for 2 and 50% for all 3 (p = 0.001). On Cox regression multivariate analysis lower brachytherapy dose, and higher Gleason and nadir value were associated with biochemical failure. The 5-year actuarial overall survival was 92%, cause specific survival 98% and disease-free survival 68%. The 5-year actuarial rates of complications were 8% and 0% for grades 3 and 4 genitourinary, and 0.5% and 0.5% for grades 3 and 4 gastrointestinal, respectively. The 5-year actuarial impotence rate was 51%. For patients with poor prognostic factors external beam radiation therapy with conformal high dose rate brachytherapy boost improved biochemical control, resulting in a high cause specific survival rate with low toxicity. Another important advantage is that the patient is not radioactive after the high dose rate implant.
ABSTRACT We assessed the degree of prostate downsizing using androgen deprivation, and determined... more ABSTRACT We assessed the degree of prostate downsizing using androgen deprivation, and determined its relation to clinical and pathological variables. From June 1994 to January 2000, 107 patients with prostate cancer received androgen deprivation before interstitial brachytherapy at our hospital. All charts were reviewed for clinical, pathological and treatment related variables. Prostate volume was measured using transrectal ultrasound. All variables were analyzed with regard to the degree of prostate downsizing. Mean percent volume reduction of the prostate was 33% after a 3.7-month average duration of androgen deprivation. Larger prostate volume before androgen deprivation and longer deprivation duration statistically correlated with mean percent volume reduction. Simple linear and multiple regression analyses revealed that these 2 variables remained significant predictors of percent volume reduction. Subgroup analysis indicated that a significant difference was seen in patients who received androgen deprivation with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists alone versus those who received treatment with total androgen blockade (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists plus antiandrogens 30% versus 35%, p = 0.04), and when prostate volume before androgen deprivation was less than 50 cc versus larger volumes (30% versus 35%, p = 0.01). Of patients with an initial prostate volume of greater than 50 cc 82% achieved a volume of less than 50 cc after androgen deprivation therapy. Androgen deprivation therapy before brachytherapy is a method of downsizing the prostate to overcome anatomical limitations, including larger gland volume and pubic arch interference.
The international gravity waves scientific community has presented the SAGITTARIUS mission in par... more The international gravity waves scientific community has presented the SAGITTARIUS mission in parallel to NASA and ESA during this year 1993. This mission has as main goals the first direct detection of gravitational waves from galactic binary stars and the opening of the Low Frequency (LF) gravitational wave window on the universe. The SAGITTARIUS mission will be formed by six spacecraft, located in a circular earth orbit at an altitude of 600 000 km and linked by laser beams. A laser tracking signal will be generated in each of the respective end spacecraft where will he actively transponded back to the central spacecraft. This system will operate as an interferometer detecting any gravity wave passing through the spacecraft configuration. Each of the spacecraft will contain an accelerometer and will be equipped with the FEEP thrusters, the only propulsion system capable to operate in the range 1lpN-25pN. The thrusters will be driven by output from the accelerometers to provide a ...
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 1995
Radical prostatectomy is an effective treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer. Rece... more Radical prostatectomy is an effective treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer. Recently, the use o[PSA as an indicator of recurrence after radical prostatectomy or radical radiotherapy has shown more failures than expected with either treamtent. In an attempt to better identify factors affecting PSA level elevation after surgery alone, we have reviewed our experience with 201 patients who were treated for clinical stage T1/F2 prostate carcinoma with a minimum 2-year PSA follow up after surgery. This is one of the largest cootenlporary series of patients with prostate cancer treated in the PSA era.
Objective: Adding pelvic radiation to high-dose prostate radiation for prostate cancer patients w... more Objective: Adding pelvic radiation to high-dose prostate radiation for prostate cancer patients with a Ͼ15% risk of positive lymph nodes (LN) is controversial. We performed a matched-pair analysis of patients treated at 2 institutions to assess the impact of pelvic radiotherapy (P-RT). Methods: From January 1993 to March 2003, 2 institutions treated 1432 prostate cancer patients with combined external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Those receiving EBRT were treated either to the prostate and seminal vesicles alone or to the entire pelvis (46 Gy). In all cases, prostate dose (EBRT and HDR) resulted in an average BED Ͼ100 Gy (␣/ ϭ 1.2). There were 755 cases identified as having a pelvic LN risk Ͼ15% using the Roach formula. Of these, 255 cases were treated without pelvic RT and randomly matched by Gleason score, T stage, and pretreatment PSA to 500 cases treated with pelvic RT, resulting in 250 pairs (1:1). Results: Median follow-up was 4.0 years (P ϭ 0.7). The 4-year prostate biochemical failure (22% versus 14%, P ϭ 0.12), distant metastasis (9% versus 4%, P ϭ 0.6), event-free survival (72% versus 78%, P ϭ 0.3), prostate cancer death rate (4% versus 2%, P ϭ 0.9), and overall survival (89% versus 88%, P ϭ 0.7) were not significantly different for patients treated with and without P-RT. Analysis with and without androgen deprivation therapy showed similar results. Conclusion: Improved biochemical, clinical, or survival outcomes were not observed for prostate cancer patients at risk for positive pelvic LN Ͼ15% when treated with high-dose EBRT and HDR brachytherapy to the prostate with or without pelvic radiation.
PurposeIt is widely agreed that amputees have to rely on visual input to monitor and control the ... more PurposeIt is widely agreed that amputees have to rely on visual input to monitor and control the position of the prosthesis while reaching and grasping because of the lack of proprioceptive feedback. Therefore, visual information has been a prerequisite for prosthetic hand biofeedback studies. This is why, the underlying characteristics of other artificial feedback methods used to this day, such as auditive, electro‐tactile, or vibro‐tactile feedback, has not been clearly explored. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether it is possible to use audio feedback alone to convey more than one independent variable (multichannel) simultaneously, without relying on the vision, to improve the learning of a new perceptions, in this case, to learn and understand the artificial proprioception of a prosthetic hand while reaching.Design/methodology/approachExperiments are conducted to determine whether the audio signals could be used as a multi‐variable dynamical sensory substitution in re...
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