Papers by Jorge Guevara Arevalo
Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, 2014
La Cystoisospora belli, antes denominada Isospora belli, es el agente etiológico de la cystoisosp... more La Cystoisospora belli, antes denominada Isospora belli, es el agente etiológico de la cystoisosporiasis, una infección oportunista que afecta a pacientes inmunodeprimidos, caracterizada por diarrea crónica y pérdida ponderal. La incidencia de diarrea crónica por este agente, en pacientes infectados por el VIH, ha disminuido considerablemente. Ello gracias al advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA), con la que se ha logrado mejorar la respuesta inmunológica del paciente y disminuir su carga viral. Se presentan seis casos de cystoisosporiasis recurrente y refractaria en pacientes con infección por VIH, en quienes se diagnosticó cystoisosporiasis pese a que previamente se encontraban recibiendo profilaxis con trimetropin/sulfametoxazol (TMP/SMX). Cinco de ellos evolucionaron de manera tórpida y fallecieron, a pesar de una buena respuesta al TARGA (adecuado incremento de CD4 y disminución de la carga viral hasta rangos indetectables), y de tratamiento con TMP/SMX por vía oral y otros medicamentos de segunda línea.
To evaluate the toxicity of three synthetic chalcones administered intraperitoneally to BALB/c mi... more To evaluate the toxicity of three synthetic chalcones administered intraperitoneally to BALB/c mice. The median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated by Dixon's Up-and-Down method. Subchronic toxicity of chalcones was evaluated at 20 and 40 mg/kg for 21 days. Behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and histological toxic effects were evaluated. Chalcone 43 produced mucus in feces, visceral damage (liver) and alterations in organ coefficient (kidney, p = 0.037 and brain, p = 0.008) when compared to the control group. In addition, histological analysis showed that this chalcone produced edema, inflammation and necrosis in the evaluated organs, although there was no significant difference with the control. None of the biochemical parameters differed significantly between the treatment groups at 40 mg/kg dose and the control. The LD50 for all three chalcones was greater than 550 mg/kg of body weight. Chalcones 40 and 42 were found to be relatively non-toxic. Both can be considered safe f...
Economía UNAM, 2011
This work aims at analyzing disparities in the economic growth of the Mexican states under the pr... more This work aims at analyzing disparities in the economic growth of the Mexican states under the process of external insertion of Mexico. The compared evolution of gdp per capita is analyzed considering the national average and trying to establish a typology based on different situations and observed tendencies, that allow to group states with similar behaviors. In addition, we try to offer an explanation of the behavioral diversity, identifying some of the main determining factors (human capital, foreign direct investment and border effect, productive structure). Results display the simultaneous coexistence of convergence and divergence processes, showing the diverse influence of some of the main sources of economic growth as well as strong territorial specificities.
ONE OF THE SRONGEST TENDENCIES IN THE ON-GOING GLOBALIZATION PROCESS IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTRA-... more ONE OF THE SRONGEST TENDENCIES IN THE ON-GOING GLOBALIZATION PROCESS IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTRA-INDUSTRIAL TRADE, WHICH REMAINS STRANGE TO THE TRADITIONAL INTERPRETATIVE FRAMEWORK. THE PRESENT PAPER IS FOCUSED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF THIS KIND OF TRADE IN THE PARTICULAR CASE OF MEXICO, IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS INSERTION IN THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT. THE AIM OF THIS WORK IS TO CAPTURE THE SENSE AND THE DEPTH OF THESE TENDENCIES, AND INCLUDE NEW FACTORS THAT MAY HELP TO UNDERSTAND SUCH DYNAMICS, SUCH AS THE PRODUCTIVE INTERPENETRATION OF USA'S INDUSTRY, WHICH IS REFLECTED IN THE ACTIVITY OF THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY AND IN THE FLOW OF THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI). ULTIMATELY, THE WEAKNESS OF MEXICO'S COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE, WHICH SEEMS TO BE SUPPORTED TO A GREAT EXTENT BY THESE FDI FLOWS AND THE FAVOURABLE BALANCE OF THE MAQUILADORA EXPORT INDUSTRY, IS REVEALED. ON THE OTHER HAND, IT IS THIS INDUSTRY THE ONE THAT EXPLAINS TO A GREATER EX...
Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, 2021
Objetivo: Evaluar la toxicidad de tres chalconas sintéticas administradas por vía intraperitoneal... more Objetivo: Evaluar la toxicidad de tres chalconas sintéticas administradas por vía intraperitoneal en ratones BALB/c. Materiales y métodos: La dosis letal media (DL50) se estimó por el método Up-and-Down de Dixon. La toxicidad subcrónica de las chalconas se evaluó a 20 y 40 mg/kg por 21 días. Se evaluó el efecto tóxico a nivel de comportamiento, fisiológico, bioquímico e histológico. Resultados: La chalcona 43 generó moco en las heces, daño visceral (hígado) y alteración en el coeficiente de órganos (riñón, p = 0,037 y cerebro, p = 0,008) en comparación con el grupo control. Además, en el análisis histológico se observó que esta chalcona produjo edema, inflamación y necrosis en los órganos evaluados, aunque no hubo diferencia significativa con el control. Todos los parámetros bioquímicos no difirieron significativamente entre los grupos de tratamiento a dosis de 40 mg/kg y el control. Conclusiones: La DL50 para las tres chalconas fue superior a 550 mg/kg de peso corporal. Las chalcon...
Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2021
Droughts are a worldwide concern, thus assessment efforts are conducted by many centers around th... more Droughts are a worldwide concern, thus assessment efforts are conducted by many centers around the world, mainly through simple drought indices which usually neglect important hydrometeorological processes or require variables available only from complex Land Surface Models (LSMs). The U.S. Climate Prediction Center (CPC) uses the Leaky Bucket (LB) water-balance model to post-process temperature and precipitation, providing soil moisture (SM) anomalies to assess drought conditions. However, despite its crucial role in the water cycle, snowpack has been neglected by LB and most drought indices.Taking advantage of the high-quality snow water equivalent (SWE) data from the University of Arizona (UA), a single-layer snow scheme, forced by daily temperature and precipitation only, is developed for LB implementation and tested with two independent forcing datasets. Compared against the UA and SNOTEL SWE data over CONUS, LB outperforms a sophisticated LSM (Noah/NLDAS-2), with the median LB...
Water, 2020
Wildfire is a major concern worldwide and particularly in Australia. The 2019–2020 wildfires in A... more Wildfire is a major concern worldwide and particularly in Australia. The 2019–2020 wildfires in Australia became historically significant as they were widespread and extremely severe. Linking climate and vegetation settings to wildfires can provide insightful information for wildfire prediction, and help better understand wildfires behavior in the future. The goal of this research was to examine the relationship between the recent wildfires, various hydroclimatological variables, and satellite-retrieved vegetation indices. The analyses performed here show the uniqueness of the 2019–2020 wildfires. The near-surface air temperature from December 2019 to February 2020 was about 1 °C higher than the 20-year mean, which increased the evaporative demand. The lack of precipitation before the wildfires, due to an enhanced high-pressure system over southeast Australia, prevented the soil from having enough moisture to supply the demand, and set the stage for a large amount of dry fuel that h...
Scientific Data, 2020
Land-atmosphere interactions at different temporal and spatial scales are important for our under... more Land-atmosphere interactions at different temporal and spatial scales are important for our understanding of the Earth system and its modeling. The Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO) at Biosphere 2, managed by the University of Arizona, hosts three nearly identical artificial bare-soil hillslopes with dimensions of 11 × 30 m2 (1 m depth) in a controlled and highly monitored environment within three large greenhouses. These facilities provide a unique opportunity to explore these interactions. The dataset presented here is a subset of the measurements in each LEO’s hillslopes, from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2019 every 15 minutes, consisting of temperature, water content and heat flux of the soil (at 5 cm depth) for 12 co-located points; temperature, relative humidity and wind speed above ground at 5 locations and 5 different heights ranging from 0.25 m to 9–10 m; 3D wind at 1 location; the four components of radiation at 2 locations; spatially aggregated precipitation rates, total su...
Genes, 2020
The protozoan parasite Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (L. braziliensis) is the main cause of h... more The protozoan parasite Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (L. braziliensis) is the main cause of human tegumentary leishmaniasis in the New World, a disease affecting the skin and/or mucosal tissues. Despite its importance, the study of the unique biology of L. braziliensis through reverse genetics analyses has so far lagged behind in comparison with Old World Leishmania spp. In this study, we successfully applied a cloning-free, PCR-based CRISPR–Cas9 technology in L. braziliensis that was previously developed for Old World Leishmania major and New World L. mexicana species. As proof of principle, we demonstrate the targeted replacement of a transgene (eGFP) and two L. braziliensis single-copy genes (HSP23 and HSP100). We obtained homozygous Cas9-free HSP23- and HSP100-null mutants in L. braziliensis that matched the phenotypes reported previously for the respective L. donovani null mutants. The function of HSP23 is indeed conserved throughout the Trypanosomatida as L. majorHSP23 nul...
ABSTRACTUnder stressful conditions some microorganisms adopt a reversible non or slow proliferati... more ABSTRACTUnder stressful conditions some microorganisms adopt a reversible non or slow proliferative quiescent stage that allows their survival. Although quiescence has been described broadly in bacteria, this phenotype has been only recently discovered inLeishmania. In the present work we developed a biosensor of quiescence that allows to monitor the physiological stage of the parasite at population and single cell levels. We inserted a GFP gene into the ribosomal DNA locus and followed the expression of this reporter gene, driven by the ribosomal promotor (rGFP expression). We showed that rGFP expression decreased significantly and rapidly during thein vitrotransition from extracellular promastigotes to intracellular amastigotes ofL. mexicanaanL. braziliensisand that the decrease in rGFP expression was coupledin vitrowith a decrease in replication as measured by BrdU incorporation. Quiescence was not only observed in reference laboratory strains, but also among clinical isolates. W...
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 2013
En los años recientes, el estado de Chiapas se ha convertido,por primera vez en su historia, en u... more En los años recientes, el estado de Chiapas se ha convertido,por primera vez en su historia, en una entidadexpulsora de mano de obra hacia la frontera nortey Estados Unidos. En este marco, el artículo analizaalgunas características que exhibe la economíachiapaneca a partir de la década de 1980, su dependenciacreciente de las transferencias federales y ladificultad para convertir ese masivo envío de dineroen una mejoría socio-económica para sus habitantes.Con la crisis del campo se determinó la ruptura de unequilibrio frágil, en el que el sector primario reteníala mano de obra local en actividades que asegurabaningresos suficientes para satisfacer las necesidadesbásicas de las familias (principalmente la producciónde maíz y café). Esta crisis, sumada a la devastacióncausada por el huracán Mitch en 1998, se convirtióen el detonador del éxodomigratorio que se hizo visible a finales del decenio de 1990.
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2018
Clinical manifestations of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) include cutaneous (CL) and mu... more Clinical manifestations of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) include cutaneous (CL) and mucous forms (ML); however, there are asymptomatic individuals who despite being infected do not present any clinical manifestations. This study characterized the cell-mediated immunity of travelers who lived in the Andean highlands of Cusco, free of leishmaniasis transmission, which eventually visited leishmaniasis endemic in the Amazonian basin and returned home without any clinical signs of the disease. Their immune response was compared with CL and ML patients who acquired the disease during their stage in the same region. Fifty-four human subjects from the highlands of Cusco (Peru), who have visited an endemic area, were enrolled: 28 of them did not show any symptoms, 12 showed CL and 14 showed ML. Ten healthy subjects from a non-endemic area (HS) were included as controls. T-cell proliferation was evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated for 5 days with a ...
Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014
Management research has been challenged by the quickly shifting realities of organization life, j... more Management research has been challenged by the quickly shifting realities of organization life, job roles, and individual motivations that have long guided traditional theoretical thinking. Consequently, business schools are also increasingly being held accountable to provide practical management education supportive of both career-minded students and the complex needs of the business community. This article offers empirical evidence suggesting that large numbers of executives have found means to achieve hierarchical success without engaging in managerial tasks as described in the traditional role taxonomies still widely disseminated at business schools. Our study analyzes the utilization of managerial skills, mindsets, and roles as perceived by 259 executives representing nine industries and approximately 200 organizations. The results reveal that the interpretation and successful execution of managerial roles are primarily influenced by the individual’s intentions rather than adherence to the current th...
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1988
We describe conditions for dot blot DNA hybridization studies using biotinylated kDNA probes from... more We describe conditions for dot blot DNA hybridization studies using biotinylated kDNA probes from Leishmania. The sensitivity and specificity attained with biotinylated or 32P-labeled probes were equivalent. The lower level of detection obtained was 100 parasites that were blotted on nitrocellulose paper and then treated with Proteinase K. Studies were performed with 112 Leishmania isolates from Andean (uta) and sylvatic mucocutaneous (espundia) patients and all were determined to belong to the Leishmania braziliensis complex.
PloS one, 2017
It was recently hypothesized that Leishmania amastigotes could constitute a semi-quiescent stage ... more It was recently hypothesized that Leishmania amastigotes could constitute a semi-quiescent stage characterized by low replication and reduced metabolic activity. This concept developed with Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana and Leishmania (Leishmania) major models might explain numerous clinical and sub-clinical features of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infections, like reactivation of the disease, non-response to chemotherapy or asymptomatic infections. We compared here in vitro the proliferative capability of L. (V.) braziliensis amastigotes and promastigotes, assessed the expression of key molecular parameters and performed metabolomic analysis. We found that contrary to the highly proliferative promastigotes, amastigotes (axenic and intracellular) do not show evidence of extensive proliferation. In parallel, amastigotes showed a significant decrease of (i) the kDNA mini-circle abundance, (ii) the intracellular ATP level, (iii) the ribosomal components: rRNA subunits 18S and 2...
AIDS and behavior, Jan 10, 2017
We conducted a cluster-randomized trial to estimate effects of directly observed combination anti... more We conducted a cluster-randomized trial to estimate effects of directly observed combination antiretroviral therapy (DOT-cART) on retention with viral suppression among HIV-positive adults in Peru. We randomly allocated facilities to receive the 12-month intervention plus the standard of care, including adherence support provided through accompaniment. In the intervention arm, health workers supervised doses, twice daily, and accompanied patients to appointments. Among 356 patients, intention-to-treat analyses showed no statistically significant benefit of DOT, relative to no-DOT, at 12 or 24 months (adjusted probability of primary outcome: 0.81 vs. 0.73 and 0.76 vs. 0.68, respectively). A statistically significant benefit of DOT was found in per-protocol and as-treated analyses at 12 months (0.83 for DOT vs. 0.73 for no DOT, p value: 0.02 per-protocol, 0.01 as-treated), but not 24 months. Rates of retention with viral suppression were high in both arms. Among adults receiving robus...
Revista de la CEPAL, 2015
China se ha convertido en un actor fundamental del comercio mundial. Aunque no ha firmado acuerdo... more China se ha convertido en un actor fundamental del comercio mundial. Aunque no ha firmado acuerdos comerciales con los países signatarios del tlcan, ha ganado terreno como proveedor de bienes logrando grandes avances en esa área. Una de las tendencias dominantes de la integración económica ha sido el desarrollo del comercio intraindustrial, que ha alcanzado altos niveles en los países signatarios del Tratado. En este artículo se analiza el comercio intraindustrial en esta zona de libre comercio, donde la estructura de producción de los países participantes ha cambiado significativamente desde la liberalización del comercio, revelando la internacionalización de las cadenas de producción. Finalmente, se presentan los cambios en la estructura comercial originados por la creciente presencia china en la región del tlcan, cuyo comercio tiene un esquema similar al de una rueda: los Estados Unidos de América como eje central y el Canadá, China y México como radios.
Globalizacion Competitividad Y Gobernabilidad De Georgetown Universia, 2014
espanolEl presente estudio analiza las exportaciones totales de aceitunas procedentes de Argentin... more espanolEl presente estudio analiza las exportaciones totales de aceitunas procedentes de Argentina y Peru al mercado brasileno. La eleccion de los dos paises para el analisis se debe al hecho de que son los mas importantes de America del Sur en lo relacionado al comercio internacional de aceitunas, siendo los mas significativos en el mercado brasileno. El periodo de analisis va desde el ano de 1999 a 2013. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las ganancias y/o perdidas de competitividad en el mercado brasileno, asi como identificar las principales fuentes de crecimiento y/o disminucion de las exportaciones. Se utilizo el modelo de Constant Market Share (CMS) de segundo nivel. En los resultados, se observo que el Peru logro ampliar su participacion en el mercado brasileno de aceitunas; sin embargo, la Argentina tuvo un ligero descenso en la participacion. Tambien se observa que la Argentina y Peru muestran ganancias de competitividad en ese mercado. En lo relacionado a volumen de exportacion, la Argentina es mas significativa en comparacion con el Peru. EnglishThe present study analyzed the total exports of olives from Argentina and Peru to the Brazilian market. The choice of the two countries for the analysis is due to the fact that they are the most important in South America in relation to international trade of olives, being the most significant in the Brazilian market. The period of analysis is from 1999 to 2013. The aim of the study was to assess the gains and/or losses of competitiveness in the Brazilian market as well as identify key sources of growth and/or decline in exports. We used the model of Constant Market Share (CMS) of second level. The results, it was noted that Peru managed to expand their market share in Brazil olives; however, Argentina had a slight decline in participation. It is also observed that Argentina and Peru show gains in competitiveness in that market. In the related to the export volume, Argentina is more significant compared to Peru. portuguesO presente estudo analisou as exportacoes totais de azeitonas da Argentina e Peru ao mercado brasileiro. A escolha dos dois paises para a analise deve-se ao fato de serem os mais importantes no continente sul-americano no que tange ao comercio internacional de azeitonas, sendo os mais expressivos no mercado brasileiro. O periodo de analise vai desde o ano de 1999 ao ano de 2013. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar os ganhos e/ ou perdas de competitividade no mercado brasileiro, bem como identificar as principais fontes de crescimento e/ou queda das exportacoes. Empregou-se o modelo de Constant Market Share (CMS) de segundo nivel. Nos resultados, notou-se que o Peru conseguiu ampliar sua participacao no mercado brasileiro de azeitonas; entretanto, a Argentina teve uma leve queda de participacao. Observa-se tambem que a Argentina e Peru apresentam ganhos de competitividade em tal mercado. No relacionado a volume de exportacao, a Argentina e mais expressiva em comparacao ao Peru.
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Papers by Jorge Guevara Arevalo