Jon Patterson

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Andrej Dujella

University of Zagreb

Hemin Koyi

Uppsala University

Jana Javornik

University of East London

Graham Martin

University of Leicester

Gwen Robbins Schug

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Gabriel Gutierrez-Alonso

University of Salamanca

John Sutton

Macquarie University

Eros Carvalho

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Kevin Arbuckle

Swansea University

Jesper Hoffmeyer

University of Copenhagen

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Papers by Jon Patterson

Treatment of Renal Carcinoma in a Binturong (Arctictis Binturong) with Nephrectomy and a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2016

A 13-yr-old female binturong ( Arctictis binturong ) presented with a 1 wk history of decreased a... more A 13-yr-old female binturong ( Arctictis binturong ) presented with a 1 wk history of decreased appetite. The animal was thin, with hypercalcemia (calcium 12.2 mg/dl). A right renal mass was identified on ultrasound and removed via nephrectomy. Histopathology indicated a renal adenocarcinoma. Treatment with toceranib phosphate, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, was initiated and well tolerated by the animal. Four months after initial diagnosis radiographs indicated metastases to the lungs and the animal was euthanized. Necropsy revealed disseminated adenocarcinoma. Although treatment did not prevent metastasis, it was minimally invasive and well tolerated by the animal with minimal side effects. Review of records at the institution revealed that the cause of death for the primary case's dam and sire was disseminated renal carcinoma. These cases suggest that there may be a hereditary component to development of renal neoplasia in binturongs. Renal carcinoma should be considered an agg...

Metronidazole—but not IL-10 or prednisolone—rescues Trichuris muris infected C57BL/6 IL-10 deficient mice from severe disease

Veterinary Parasitology, 2015

Trichuris muris infected C57BL/6 mice are a frequently studied model of immune mediated resistanc... more Trichuris muris infected C57BL/6 mice are a frequently studied model of immune mediated resistance to helminths. Our objective was to characterize dose-dependent gastrointestinal (GI) disease and pathology due to Trichuris in C57BL/6 mice with varying degrees of IL-10 sufficiency. These mice can serve as a model for other animals (dogs, cattle) and humans where IL-10 polymorphisms have been associated with disease susceptibility and may affect susceptibility to whipworm. C57BL/6 IL-10(+/+), IL-10(+/-) and IL-10(-/-) mice were infected with T. muris (J strain) in a dose response study. T. muris produced dose-dependent disease in IL-10(-/-) mice. Ninety percent of mice receiving the high dose (75 ova) had severe disease necessitating early euthanasia, while the medium dose (50 ova) resulted in 100% early euthanasia of males/75% of females, and the low dose (25 ova) in 100% early euthanasia of males/25% of females. Having some IL-10 as in heterozygotes did not rescue all infected mice from effects of the high dose. 2/21 IL-10(-/-), 1/17 IL-10(+/-), and 0/17 IL-10(+/+) mice in the high dose group had severe peritonitis and extra-intestinal bacteria confirmed by fluorescent 16S rDNA analysis of peritoneal organ surfaces. Three of twenty one IL-10(-/-) had demonstrable extra-intestinal T. muris adults. Although free from viral pathogens, 12/21 IL-10(-/-), 6/17 IL-10(+/-), and 4/17 IL-10(+/+) infected mice had hepatitis, while control mice of all genotypes did not. Mice had evidence of inflammation of serosal surfaces of liver, spleen and GI tract even when extraintestinal Trichuris were not found. Blinded histopathology scoring revealed that even when infected IL-10(-/-) mice displayed few, if any, clinical signs, levels of gut inflammation did not vary significantly from those mice euthanized early due to severe disease. To examine whether antibiotics or corticosteroids could reverse severe disease and lesions, IL-10(-/-) mice infected with T. muris were treated with metronidazole or prednisolone prior to and throughout 40 days of infection. Mice given prednisolone had severe disease and lesions with the highest mortality rate. Mice given metronidazole had a significantly lower mortality rate than those given prednisolone, but GI lesions were of similar severity and distribution including peritonitis. Mortality was associated with extraintestinal worms and bacteria and further supported a role for enteric bacteria in this pathogenesis.

Pathology in practice

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Canine prostatic disease : an appropriate animal model? /

Senior seminar (D.V.M.)--Cornell University, 1981. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 31).

Actinomycotic splenitis and intestinal volvulus in an alpaca (Lama pacos)

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

Morphologic, microbiologic, and polymerase chain reaction amplification techniques were used to e... more Morphologic, microbiologic, and polymerase chain reaction amplification techniques were used to evaluate an alpaca (Lama pacos) with splenitis and intestinal volvulus. The intestinal volvulus produced a severe necrosuppurative typhlocolitis associated with vascular thrombosis and was most likely the cause of death of this animal. In addition, this animal had multiple coalescing abscesses affecting most of the splenic tissue. The isolation of Actinomyces spp. from the spleen and the morphology of the colonies when stained with Gram and Steiner stains support a diagnosis of splenic actinomycosis.

Self-Assessment Colour Review: Veterinary Parasitology

The rationale behind this first edition of Self-Assessment Colour Review Veterinary Parasitology ... more The rationale behind this first edition of Self-Assessment Colour Review Veterinary Parasitology developed out of our experience with case-based teaching and teaching parasitology to undergraduate veterinary students for more than 17 years. It became clear as we strived to develop a course that would encourage understanding and enhance learning that parasitology is best taught in a format that fosters students’ interest, reasoning and critical thinking. The continuous development and evolution of the discipline of veterinary parasitology add another challenge as concepts change and new discoveries are recognized.

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Effects of heparin treatment on colonic torsion-associated hemodynamic and plasma eicosanoid changes in anesthetized ponies

American journal of veterinary research, 1991

Large colon torsion frequently is a fatal condition in horses. The purpose of the study reported ... more Large colon torsion frequently is a fatal condition in horses. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine systemic arterial pressure, plasma eicosanoid concentrations, colonic blood flow, vascular resistance, tissue pH, and morphologic features associated with large colon torsion and detorsion, and to evaluate the effects of sodium heparin (80 IU/kg of body weight, IV) treatment on these values. Values were determined in 20 anesthetized ponies that were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups: control; control/heparin; torsion; torsion/heparin. Torsions were created by a 720 degrees rotation of the cecum and colon around their long axes at the sternal and diaphragmatic flexures. After 1 hour of torsion, the torsion was corrected and the colon was allowed to reperfuse for 1 hour. Heparin was administered 30 minutes into the experiment. Parametric data were analyzed (P less than or equal to 0.05), using split-plot analysis of variance, with differences between means evaluat...

Investigation of an epizootic of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in calves

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1993

Eight of 19 calves born to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-negative and -immunocompetent dams ... more Eight of 19 calves born to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-negative and -immunocompetent dams were determined to be infected with a noncytopathic strain of BVDV. Six of the 8 calves had diarrhea and 2 had no clinical signs of disease. In 3 euthanatized calves, lesions consistent with mucosal disease were found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and the virus was isolated from the spleen, lymph nodes, and small intestine. In 5 calves, BVDV was isolated from mononuclear cells in blood samples obtained 21 days apart, indicating persistent infection. The virus was not isolated from sera obtained from 2 calves, with chronic nonclinical infections, that had neutralizing antibody titers > or = 1:512 against bovine viral diarrhea-Singer virus and titers > or = 1:256 against the persistent BVDV. Twenty-one days after vaccination with a vaccine that contained inactivated noncytopathic and cytopathic biotypes of BVDV, 4 of 5 persistently infected calves had neutralizing antibody t...

Histologic and ultrastructural changes after large-colon torsion, with and without use of a specific platelet-activating factor antagonist (WEB 2086), in ponies

American journal of veterinary research, 1994

The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in mediating the colonic damage that develops after ... more The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in mediating the colonic damage that develops after large-colon torsion was studied in 14 ponies. Morphologic changes in areas of the ascending colon and selected abdominal and thoracic viscera after 1 hour of large-colon torsion and 3 to 5 hours of reperfusion were determined, as well as the protective effects of systemic administration of a specific PAF antagonist (WEB 2086). Ponies were selected then allocated at random and in equal numbers to 2 groups that received 1 of 2 treatments prior to induction of large-colon torsion: group 1--control (saline solution), and group 2--WEB 2086 (3 mg/kg of body weight loading dose and 3 mg/kg/h for the remainder of the study). In each pony, full-thickness tissue specimens from the gastrointestinal tract--cecum, pelvic flexure, left and right ventral colon, and right dorsal colon--heart, left lung, liver, left adrenal gland, spleen, and right kidney were collected and histologically evaluated. Edem...

Effect of the neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser on postoperative neuroma formation after neurectomy in rats

American journal of veterinary research, 1995

The effect of neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser-performed neurectomy was compared ... more The effect of neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser-performed neurectomy was compared with conventional scalpel-performed neurectomy, using the rat sciatic nerve model. Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral transection of the sciatic nerve by 1 of 3 methods. The sciatic nerve of rats under general anesthesia was transected by use of a steel scalpel blade (group 1, n = 5); a contact Nd:YAG laser at 6W of power (group 2, n = 6); or an Nd:YAG laser at 12 W of power (group 3, n = 5). Thirty days after surgery, all rats were euthanatized and the nerves were harvested, imbedded in paraffin, fixed, and sectioned for light microscopy. Neurodegenerative changes and perineurial cell proliferation were least severe in the nerves transected by use of a steel scalpel (group 1), and were most severe in nerves transected by use of laser at 6 W of power (group 2). There was a significant difference in prevalence of perineurial proliferation between the scalpel and laser n...

Gastric hypertrophy associated with cryptosporidiosis in a snake

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1986

Epidural injection of xylazine for perineal analgesia in horses

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1988

Local anesthetics given in the epidural space of a horse may cause hind limb weakness in addition... more Local anesthetics given in the epidural space of a horse may cause hind limb weakness in addition to analgesia. Because alpha 2 agonists given by epidural injection cause sensory blockade without motor effects in human beings and other species, their use in veterinary anesthesia is appealing. This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of xylazine HCl, an alpha 2 agonist commonly used in horses. Xylazine, 0.9% NaCl, and lidocaine were given by epidural injection to horses subjected to perineal electrical stimulation. Administration of xylazine (0.17 mg/kg of body weight, diluted to a 10-ml volume, using 0.9% NaCl) induced approximately 2.5 hours of local analgesia without apparent side effects. Higher doses of xylazine caused mild hind limb ataxia. Administration of lidocaine induced a similar duration of analgesia, with severe hind limb ataxia (100% incidence). We concluded that xylazine given by epidural injection results in safe, effective perineal analgesia in horses.

Clinical and pathologic features of thyroid tumors in 26 dogs

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Jan 15, 1986

Thyroid tumors were diagnosed in 26 dogs between 1977 and 1984. A total of 23 of the 26 tumors we... more Thyroid tumors were diagnosed in 26 dogs between 1977 and 1984. A total of 23 of the 26 tumors were carcinomas, and 3, detected as incidental findings at necropsy, were adenomas. The median patient age was 9.5 years. Dogs of the Beagle breed were affected most commonly (5 dogs). The most common physical abnormalities in carcinoma patients were cervical swelling, dyspnea, and coughing. A total of 25 of 26 dogs were clinically euthyroid. Aspiration cytology provided diagnostic information in 8 of 17 cases. In dogs with thyroid carcinoma, a cervical soft tissue lesion was identified consistently by use of radiography and scintigraphy with sodium pertechnetate. Pulmonary metastases were detected radiographically in 8 of 21 dogs with thyroid carcinoma. Thoracic nuclear imaging confirmed the radiographic findings in 11 of 14 dogs. Surgical excision of the thyroid mass was the primary treatment for 17 dogs with carcinoma. Eight dogs died within 2 years (median, 7 months) of surgery because...

Iron does not cause arrhythmias in the guinea pig model of transfusional iron overload

Comparative medicine, 2007

Cardiac events, including heart failure and arrhythmias, are the leading cause of death in patien... more Cardiac events, including heart failure and arrhythmias, are the leading cause of death in patients with beta thalassemia. Although cardiac arrhythmias in humans are believed to result from iron overload, excluding confounding factors in the human population is difficult. The goal of the current study was to determine whether cardiac arrhythmias occurred in the guinea pig model of secondary iron overload. Electrocardiograms were recorded by using surgically implanted telemetry devices in guinea pigs loaded intraperitoneally with iron dextran (test animals) or dextran alone (controls). Loading occurred over approximately 6 wk. Electrocardiograms were recorded for 1 wk prior to loading, throughout loading, and for approximately 4 wk after loading was complete. Cardiac and liver iron concentrations were significantly increased in the iron-loaded animals compared with controls and were in the range of those reported for humans with thalassemia. Arrhythmias were rare in both iron-loaded ...

Evaluation of the Cranial Rectus Abdominus Muscle Pedicle Flap as a Blood Supply for the Caudal Superficial Epigastric Skin Flap in Dogs

Veterinary Surgery, 1996

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IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-FOLLICULAR TORSION IN A GREEN IGUANA (Iguana iguana) WITH INVOLVMENT OF THE LEFT ADRENAL GLAND

Veterinary Radiology <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Ultrasound, 2002

The iguana had a history of coelomic cavity distention and anorexia of 2 days in duration. The ig... more The iguana had a history of coelomic cavity distention and anorexia of 2 days in duration. The iguana became acutely depressed, lethargic, and dehydrated, which is an atypical occurrence associated with simple anorexia of a few days' duration. There were numerous irregularly shaped, small (0.5-1 cm) masses in the caudal coelom. A mild tachycardia (96 bpm) was present, and the respiratory rate (1 6 breathdmin) was normal. The packed cell volume (37%) and total solids (6.2 g/dl) were normal. Radiography and ultrasonography of the coelom were performed (Figs. Three-year-old intact female green iguana (Iguana 1-3). Radiographic and Ultrasonographic Findings There were numerous round masses of soft tissue opacity in the caudal ceolomic cavity extending from the caudal margin of the lungs to the pelvic canal (Fig. 1). Sonographically, there were many small round masses of mixed echogenicities clustered in the right caudal ceolomic cavity and one large irregularly shaped heterogeneous mass in the left caudal ceolomic cavity (Figs. 2 and 3). Radiographic und Ultrasound Diagnosis Preovulatory egg retention (follicular stasis, egg binding) with mature follicles remaining in the ovaries. Differential diagnoses for the irregular, hyperechoic mass include postovulatory egg retention, follicular torsion, left adrenal mass, or ovarian mass. Surgical Findings The liver was orange-yellow in color and enlarged with rounded edges. The right ovary had seven large (1.5-2.5 cm) and numerous small (1-5 mm) follicles that all ap-From the

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Immunohistochemical Detection of CD34, E-cadherin, Claudin-1, Glucose Transporter 1, Laminin, and Protein Gene Product 9.5 in 28 Canine and 8 Feline Meningiomas

Veterinary Pathology, 2010

The variation in histologic pattern of meningiomas can make their diagnosis challenging. The immu... more The variation in histologic pattern of meningiomas can make their diagnosis challenging. The immunohistochemical profile of 28 canine and 8 feline meningiomas was examined. Tumor types included anaplastic (6 dogs), angiomatoid (1 cat), fibroblastic (3 dogs, 1 cat), meningothelial (1 dog), microcystic (2 dogs), myxoid (3 dogs), psammomatous (4 cats), and transitional (13 dogs, 2 cats). The authors compared the expression of novel markers (CD34, E-cadherin, claudin-1, glucose transporter 1 [GLUT-1], laminin, and protein gene product [PGP] 9.5) with published markers (cytokeratins, glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], progesterone receptor, S100, and vimentin). Neoplastic cells were immunohistochemically positive for vimentin in 100% of the meningiomas;

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Toxic Equine Parkinsonism: An Immunohistochemical Study of 10 Horses With Nigropallidal Encephalomalacia

Veterinary Pathology, 2012

Chronic ingestion of yellow star thistle ( Centaurea solstitialis) or Russian knapweed ( Acroptil... more Chronic ingestion of yellow star thistle ( Centaurea solstitialis) or Russian knapweed ( Acroptilon repens) causes nigropallidal encephalomalacia (NPE) in horses with an abrupt onset of neurologic signs characterized by dystonia of lips and tongue, inability to prehend food, depression, and locomotor deficits. The objectives of this study were to reexamine the pathologic alterations of NPE and to conduct an immunohistochemistry study using antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase and α-synuclein, to determine whether NPE brains show histopathologic features resembling those in human Parkinson disease. Results confirm that the NPE lesions are located within the substantia nigra pars reticulata, sparing the cell bodies of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and in the rostral portion of the globus pallidus, with partial disruption of dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase–positive) fibers passing through the globus pallidus. No abnormal cytoplasmic inclusions like th...

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Book Review: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease

Veterinary Pathology, 2008

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Comparison of Sarcocystis neurona isolates derived from horse neural tissue

Veterinary Parasitology, 2001

Sarcocystis neurona is a protozoan parasite that can cause neurological deficits in infected hors... more Sarcocystis neurona is a protozoan parasite that can cause neurological deficits in infected horses. The route of transmission is by fecal-oral transfer of sporocysts from opossums. However, the species identity and the lifecycle are not completely known. In this study, Sarcocystis merozoites from eight isolates obtained from Michigan horses were compared to S. neurona from a California horse (UCD1), Sarcocystis from a grackle (Cornell), and five Sarcocystis isolates from feral opossums from Michigan. Comparisons were made using several techniques. SDS-PAGE analysis with silver staining showed that Sarcocystis spp. from the eight horses appeared the same, but different from the grackle isolate. One Michigan horse isolate (MIH6) had two bands at 72 and 25 kDa that were more prominent than the UCD1 isolate and other Michigan horse isolates. Western blot analysis showed that merozoites of eight of eight equine-derived isolates, and the UCD1 S. neurona isolate had similar bands when developed with serum or CSF of an infected horse. Major bands were seen at 60, 44, 30, and 16 kDa. In the grackle (Cornell) isolate, bands were seen at 60, 44, 29, and 16 kDa. DNA from merozoites of each of the eight equine-derived isolates and the grackle-derived isolate

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Treatment of Renal Carcinoma in a Binturong (Arctictis Binturong) with Nephrectomy and a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2016

Metronidazole—but not IL-10 or prednisolone—rescues Trichuris muris infected C57BL/6 IL-10 deficient mice from severe disease

Veterinary Parasitology, 2015

Pathology in practice

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Canine prostatic disease : an appropriate animal model? /

Senior seminar (D.V.M.)--Cornell University, 1981. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 31).

Actinomycotic splenitis and intestinal volvulus in an alpaca (Lama pacos)

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

Self-Assessment Colour Review: Veterinary Parasitology

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Effects of heparin treatment on colonic torsion-associated hemodynamic and plasma eicosanoid changes in anesthetized ponies

American journal of veterinary research, 1991

Investigation of an epizootic of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in calves

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1993

Histologic and ultrastructural changes after large-colon torsion, with and without use of a specific platelet-activating factor antagonist (WEB 2086), in ponies

American journal of veterinary research, 1994