This thesis examines code-switching in Morocco. Specifically, it looks at the Morocco's linguisti... more This thesis examines code-switching in Morocco. Specifically, it looks at the Morocco's linguistic history and previous studies done about Moroccans codeswitching from Moroccan Arabic to French. It then examines Moroccan's conversations on Facebook, looking at which genres Moroccans code-switch and why. This exploration looks at an existing genre of linguistics that has not yet touched upon new forms of media. It argues that there is another code -an ‚international‛ code, which is a language composed of internationally understood terms. Salia 2
Since independence from France in 1956, Morocco has utilized an Arabization education policy whic... more Since independence from France in 1956, Morocco has utilized an Arabization education policy which attempts to remove the French language in favor of Arabic. This study investigates the effects of Arabization on high school students in Rabat, Morocco. In an effort to gauge the presence of French and Arabic in education, 50 high school students were interviewed from the capital, Rabat, and surrounding suburbs in May and June, 2011. High school students were selected since they are in the midst of forming their own identities and are also seriously considering how they will contribute to society as adults. Their perspectives and language identity will greatly influence the linguistic situation in Morocco. Results indicated that although the high school students interviewed had received an Arabized education, French continues to hold a significant linguistic presence in Morocco. Additionally, the results demonstrated that students hold both positive and negative attitudes toward French. On one hand, French acquisition could allow students to move abroad, while on the other hand, French is also a remnant of colonization, a bitter subject to some Moroccans. The results of this study will be of interest to teachers of modern languages and persons involved in language planning in multilingual countries. Additionally, this study's findings could contribute to the partial solution of serious language education problems faced in African countries like Morocco where the literacy rate remains just above 50%. Finally, as countries such as Morocco, a liberal Islamic nation, attempt to balance the increasing pressures of globalization while retaining connections to its rich past, studies such as this one could help nations develop successful language education programs.
The theory of attitude appears to be historically truncated; i.e., there appears to be a lacam be... more The theory of attitude appears to be historically truncated; i.e., there appears to be a lacam between notions of attitude since the rise of experimental psychology, and allied (possibly "ancestral") concepts in the pre-experimental period. This may well have handicapped later experimental studies. Allport ( 1 ) cites Spencer ( 1862) and Bain ( 1868) as among the earliest psychologists to use the term, and covers subsequent developments. But earlier tendencies in nineteenth-century psychology, theoretical and physiological, appear to have been left comparatively unexplored.
Telles sont donc les questions auxquelles tente de répondre la présente recherche dont l'ultime o... more Telles sont donc les questions auxquelles tente de répondre la présente recherche dont l'ultime objectif à atteindre serait de jeter un regard analytique tant sur les conceptions intériorisées que sur les pratiques effectives liées à l'aménagement de ces différentes langues dans leur rapport d'interculturalité. Abstract: Interculturality and linguistic arrangement are two key issues in the debate on the variety and the cultural identity in developing countries. This is the case in Morocco that the linguistic situation is marked by a multicultural diversity. It is a mixture of national languages and foreign languages, which throughout history has been rooted in the linguistic and cultural development of the country. The interaction between these different languages gives rise, according to the users, to various practices that can be divided: the monolingualism, the bilingualism and the multilingualism. This rich interaction refers to a complex reality. What does the linguistic configuration in Morocco refer to? What status do these languages have? What stakes does language contact imply? What are attitudes of Moroccans towards different languages? What are the measures taken about the evolution of the linguistic situation? This research is an attempt to answer the questions above. Its ultimate aim would be to Synergies Algérie n° 8-2009 pp. 149-157 Interculturalité et aménagement linguistique au Maroc : diversité et identité culturelle Résumé : L'interculturalité et l'aménagement linguistique sont deux grandes questions qui figurent à l'ordre du jour dans le débat sur la diversité et l'identité culturelle dans les pays en voie de développement. C'est le cas du Maroc dont la situation linguistique est marquée par une mosaïque multiculturelle. Il s'agit d'un brassage de langues nationales et de langues étrangères, qui à travers l'histoire se sont enracinées dans le champ linguistique et culturel du pays. L'interaction entre ces différentes langues donne lieu, selon les usagers, à des pratiques diverses parmi lesquelles on distingue : le monolinguisme, le bilinguisme, le trilinguisme et le quadrilinguisme. Une interaction certes riche, mais qui renvoie à une réalité complexe. A quelle réalité renvoie la configuration linguistique au Maroc ? Quels statuts occupent les langues en présence ? Quels enjeux implique l'interaction des langues ? Quelles représentations se font les locuteurs des différentes langues ? Quelles sont les dispositions de l'évolution de la situation linguistique ?
This thesis examines code-switching in Morocco. Specifically, it looks at the Morocco's linguisti... more This thesis examines code-switching in Morocco. Specifically, it looks at the Morocco's linguistic history and previous studies done about Moroccans codeswitching from Moroccan Arabic to French. It then examines Moroccan's conversations on Facebook, looking at which genres Moroccans code-switch and why. This exploration looks at an existing genre of linguistics that has not yet touched upon new forms of media. It argues that there is another code -an ‚international‛ code, which is a language composed of internationally understood terms. Salia 2
Since independence from France in 1956, Morocco has utilized an Arabization education policy whic... more Since independence from France in 1956, Morocco has utilized an Arabization education policy which attempts to remove the French language in favor of Arabic. This study investigates the effects of Arabization on high school students in Rabat, Morocco. In an effort to gauge the presence of French and Arabic in education, 50 high school students were interviewed from the capital, Rabat, and surrounding suburbs in May and June, 2011. High school students were selected since they are in the midst of forming their own identities and are also seriously considering how they will contribute to society as adults. Their perspectives and language identity will greatly influence the linguistic situation in Morocco. Results indicated that although the high school students interviewed had received an Arabized education, French continues to hold a significant linguistic presence in Morocco. Additionally, the results demonstrated that students hold both positive and negative attitudes toward French. On one hand, French acquisition could allow students to move abroad, while on the other hand, French is also a remnant of colonization, a bitter subject to some Moroccans. The results of this study will be of interest to teachers of modern languages and persons involved in language planning in multilingual countries. Additionally, this study's findings could contribute to the partial solution of serious language education problems faced in African countries like Morocco where the literacy rate remains just above 50%. Finally, as countries such as Morocco, a liberal Islamic nation, attempt to balance the increasing pressures of globalization while retaining connections to its rich past, studies such as this one could help nations develop successful language education programs.
The theory of attitude appears to be historically truncated; i.e., there appears to be a lacam be... more The theory of attitude appears to be historically truncated; i.e., there appears to be a lacam between notions of attitude since the rise of experimental psychology, and allied (possibly "ancestral") concepts in the pre-experimental period. This may well have handicapped later experimental studies. Allport ( 1 ) cites Spencer ( 1862) and Bain ( 1868) as among the earliest psychologists to use the term, and covers subsequent developments. But earlier tendencies in nineteenth-century psychology, theoretical and physiological, appear to have been left comparatively unexplored.
Telles sont donc les questions auxquelles tente de répondre la présente recherche dont l'ultime o... more Telles sont donc les questions auxquelles tente de répondre la présente recherche dont l'ultime objectif à atteindre serait de jeter un regard analytique tant sur les conceptions intériorisées que sur les pratiques effectives liées à l'aménagement de ces différentes langues dans leur rapport d'interculturalité. Abstract: Interculturality and linguistic arrangement are two key issues in the debate on the variety and the cultural identity in developing countries. This is the case in Morocco that the linguistic situation is marked by a multicultural diversity. It is a mixture of national languages and foreign languages, which throughout history has been rooted in the linguistic and cultural development of the country. The interaction between these different languages gives rise, according to the users, to various practices that can be divided: the monolingualism, the bilingualism and the multilingualism. This rich interaction refers to a complex reality. What does the linguistic configuration in Morocco refer to? What status do these languages have? What stakes does language contact imply? What are attitudes of Moroccans towards different languages? What are the measures taken about the evolution of the linguistic situation? This research is an attempt to answer the questions above. Its ultimate aim would be to Synergies Algérie n° 8-2009 pp. 149-157 Interculturalité et aménagement linguistique au Maroc : diversité et identité culturelle Résumé : L'interculturalité et l'aménagement linguistique sont deux grandes questions qui figurent à l'ordre du jour dans le débat sur la diversité et l'identité culturelle dans les pays en voie de développement. C'est le cas du Maroc dont la situation linguistique est marquée par une mosaïque multiculturelle. Il s'agit d'un brassage de langues nationales et de langues étrangères, qui à travers l'histoire se sont enracinées dans le champ linguistique et culturel du pays. L'interaction entre ces différentes langues donne lieu, selon les usagers, à des pratiques diverses parmi lesquelles on distingue : le monolinguisme, le bilinguisme, le trilinguisme et le quadrilinguisme. Une interaction certes riche, mais qui renvoie à une réalité complexe. A quelle réalité renvoie la configuration linguistique au Maroc ? Quels statuts occupent les langues en présence ? Quels enjeux implique l'interaction des langues ? Quelles représentations se font les locuteurs des différentes langues ? Quelles sont les dispositions de l'évolution de la situation linguistique ?
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