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John Mutenyo

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National University of Singapore

Istanbul Commerce University

Diana Mata-Codesal

Universitat de Barcelona

Université Paris 1 - Panthéon-Sorbonne

Viacheslav Kuleshov

Stockholm University

Alejandro Canales

Universidad de Guadalajara

University of Bucharest

Guillermo Teijeiro

Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina

Adolfo Martin Jimenez

Universidad de Cadiz

University of Leeds

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Papers by John Mutenyo

The Effect of Healthcare Expenditure on Maternal Mortality in Uganda

Tanzanian economic trends, Jan 31, 2024

The maternal mortality rate in Uganda of 189 per 100,000 live births remains above the global tar... more The maternal mortality rate in Uganda of 189 per 100,000 live births remains above the global target of 70 per 100,000. Evidence shows that the mode of healthcare expenditure impacts the provision of maternal healthcare services and reduction in maternal mortality. Understanding how healthcare expenditure impacts maternal health outcomes in Uganda is important for policy. Data from World Development Indicators for the period 1985-2019 were used to explore the effect of healthcare expenditure on maternal mortality using an auto-regressive distributed lag model. The findings showed that domestic government expenditure targeted on maternal health conditions significantly reduces maternal mortality. An increase in nurses was also associated with significant reductions in maternal mortality; hence, the government should increase investment in training and posting adequate nurses at public health facilities, where the majority of Ugandans seek care. Similarly, out-ofpocket health expenditure and total health expenditure per capita were both associated with a reduction in maternal deaths in the short-run. However, while out-of-pocket health expenditure is associated with a reduction in maternal mortality, it is inequitable. The Uganda National Health Insurance should ensure that financial risk protection for the poor is implemented to move towards universal health coverage.

Effects of carbon dioxide emissions on agricultural production indexes in East African Community countries: Pooled Mean Group and Fixed effect approaches

Energy Nexus

How equitable is utilization of maternal health services in Uganda? Implications for achieving universal health coverage

BMC Health Services Research

Background Maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda remain persistently high. While utilisation ... more Background Maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda remain persistently high. While utilisation of maternal health services has been shown to reduce the risk of maternal death, little is known about the inequalities in utilisation of maternal health services in Uganda. This study examined the inequalities in utilisation of maternal health services between 2006 and 2016 to draw implications for achieving universal health coverage. Methods We used the Uganda Demographic Health Survey 2006, 2011 and 2016 to analyse inequalities in utilisation of antenatal care (ANC4+), skilled birth attendance (SBA), postnatal care (PNC) and a package of maternal health services. Equity ratios, concentration curves, concentration indices and regression analysis were used in the estimations. Results Inequalities in utilization of single and a package of maternal health services reduced between 2005 and 2016, but remained pro-rich. Inequalities in utilisation of package of maternal health services were ...

Determinants and effects of foreign direct investment in sub-Saharan Africa

Effects of Technological Progress And Productivity on Economic Growth In Uganda

Procedia Economics and Finance, 2012

The study focused on the effects of technological progress and productivity on economic growth in... more The study focused on the effects of technological progress and productivity on economic growth in Uganda within the, 1971-2009 period. The study found out that growth in technological progress resulted in economic growth, whereas increase in either capital productivity or labor productivity gave rise to reduction in economic growth within the aforementioned period. Capital productivity or labor productivity could have caused reduction in economic growth because labor productivity growth might have caused workers to enjoy more leisure instead of working more or growth in capital productivity could have made capital more efficient and resulted in more idle capacity; thus causing depletion of output through reduction in the capital or labor used in production. Theoretical models developed were empirically tested after transforming them into the relevant econometric models. The relevant variables were simulated from annual disposable income, annual real GDP and annual investment expenditures using the celebrated Cobb-Douglas production function.

ECON 536: ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS - Week 2 video recordings

AERC, Aug 28, 2020

How Equitable is Utilization of Maternal Health Services in Uganda? Implications for Achieving Universal Health Coverage

Research Square (Research Square), Jan 4, 2023

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda remain persistently high. While utilisation... more Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda remain persistently high. While utilisation of and utilisation of maternal health services has been shown to reduce the risk of maternal death, little is known about the inequalities in utilisation of maternal health services. This study examined the inequalities in utilisation of maternal health services between 2006 and 2016 to draw implications for achieving universal health coverage. Methods: We used the Uganda Demographic Health Survey 2006, 2011 and 2016 to analyse inequalities in utilisation of antenatal care (ANC4+), skilled birth attendance (SBA), postnatal care (PNC) and a package of maternal health services. Equity ratios, concentration curves, concentration indices and regression analysis were used in the estimations. Results: Inequalities in utilization of single and a package of maternal health services reduced between 2005 and 2016, but remained pro-rich. Inequalities in utilisation of package of maternal health services were greater than for a single service. Women from the richest quintile were 4 times more likely to receive a package of care compared to the poorest women, but were just 1.5 times more likely to receive ANC4+ than those in the poorest quintile. In 2006 women in urban areas were 2.6 times more likely to receive a package of all three maternal health services than their rural counterpart and they had a relative advantage of 23.4% to utilize skilled birth delivery than the poorest women. Each additional year of schooling and living in urban areas was associated with 1.2 and 1.6 percentage point increase in utilisation of a package of care respectively. Wealth, education and living in urban areas were positively associated with utilisation of all maternal healthcare. Conclusion: Declining inequalities in utilisation of maternal healthcare re ect a move towards achieving universal health coverage in Uganda. Pro-rich, education and urban-biased inequalities, imply the need for targeted interventions for the poor, less educated and rural women. Targeted voucher schemes, free distribution of birth kits for poorer and rural women, community-level mobilization to improve uptake of postnatal care, and promoting women's education and incomes are feasible interventions to improve utilisation of maternal health services and equity.

Role of Higher Education Growth in Enhancing Economic Growth, Innovation Advancement and Technological Progress in Uganda (1970–2014)

The uganda Higher Education Review

We examine the role of growth in higher education in enhancing economic growth, innovation advanc... more We examine the role of growth in higher education in enhancing economic growth, innovation advancement and technological progress in Uganda during the 1970 to 2014 period. Higher education is measured by the higher (tertiary) education gross enrolment ratio (GER). The major hypothesis of the study is that “Higher education growth enhances economic growth, innovation advancement and technical progress”. The study is important because Uganda still has low levels of higher education GER, innovation and technology. Data set employed in the empirical analyses was obtained from the United Nations statistics database and analyzed using the generalised least squares (GLS) technique. First, we find that a 1% increase in higher education GER growth had the potential of causing economic growth, innovation advancement, technological progress and total factor (TF) to increase by 0.82, 0.10, 0.27 and 0.56%, respectively, during the given period. Second, empirical evidence shows that a 1% increase...

ECON 536: Environmental Economics Video recording for August 31, Sep 2 and 4 2020

ECON 536 - Environmental Economics I

AERC, Aug 15, 2020

ECON 536: Environmental Economics Video recording Date: Sep 7, 2020

AERC, Sep 7, 2020

Fossil fuel energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emissions in Kenya

We investigate the relationship between fossil fuel energy consumption, economic growth, urbaniza... more We investigate the relationship between fossil fuel energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emissions in Kenya from 1971 to 2014. The study employs lin-log and log-lin models and uses the autoregressive distributed lag bounds cointegration test, the Johansen-Juselius cointegration test, and the Gregory-Hansen structural breaks test for cointegration to determine the presence of a long-run causal relationship between variables. Except for urbanization, the empirical results of fossil fuel consumption and economic growth show a positive relationship with carbon dioxide emissions. Besides, the study investigates the relationship between the variables by employing a Granger-based causality test based on a vector error correction model. Short-run Granger causality results show unidirectional causality running from fossil fuel energy consumption to economic growth, urbanization to carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth to carbon dioxide emissions. Thes...

Determinants and effects of foreign direct investment in sub-Saharan Africa

University of Dar es Salaam, 2008

Entrepreneurial Risk Taking and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Kano State, Nigeria

Risk taking is a dominant attribute of entrepreneurial activities, as the higher the risk-taking ... more Risk taking is a dominant attribute of entrepreneurial activities, as the higher the risk-taking orientation, the higher a firm’s profitability and growth. The main purpose of this study was to establish the effect of entrepreneurial risk taking on performance of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Kano State, Nigeria. Data for the study was obtained through questionnaire and interview from 393 owners, managers and staff of SMEs in Kano state, Nigeria, on a cross sectional research design. Results using Pearson linear correlation and regression analysis have a positive significant relationship between entrepreneurial risk taking and performance of SMEs. Entrepreneurial risk taking has a positive impact on performance of SMEs in Kano State, Nigeria. Entrepreneurial risk taking had a significant effect (F – statistic = 35.959; t – statistic = 5.997) P= 0.001. The study adds value to the growing body of knowledge in the field of entrepreneurial development activities. The stud...

Work and Income for Young Men and Women in Africa: Case of Uganda

African youth are at the core of its economic transformation given that two-thirds of its populat... more African youth are at the core of its economic transformation given that two-thirds of its population consists of people below 35 years of age. As such, they constitute the largest group of labour market entrants that has a strong bearing on the development of the continent. However, despite having such human resources, African countries are dealing with rising unemployment among its youths, with unemployment being higher among female youths. This study was set out to undertake an in-depth country study to inform policy makers and development POLICY BRIEF

ECON 536: Environmental Economics Video recording for Sep 7, 9, 11 , 2020

Determinants of Enterprise Performance in Uganda’s Tourism Sector: Does Gender Matter?

by Ruth Nsibirano, Margaret Banga, and John Mutenyo

International Journal of Business and Management, 2021

The paper looks at the relationship between the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises... more The paper looks at the relationship between the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector of Uganda and firm characteristics and business environment. Data were gathered after administering questionnaires to 1690 SMEs located around tourist attractions throughout the country in 2018. The study uses quantile regression to analyze the determinants of firm performance. The findings indicate that entrepreneur/managers education, business experience, initial capital, business registration and age of the owner are important in explaining enterprise performance. We also find that male managed enterprises outperform those managed by female. The study suggests that providing easy access to credit for initial capital and easing the business registration process and training entrepreneurs/managers will increase performance of SMEs in the tourism industry.

Determinants of Enterprise Performance in Uganda’s Tourism Sector: Does Gender Matter?

International Journal of Business and Management, 2021

The paper looks at the relationship between the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises... more The paper looks at the relationship between the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector of Uganda and firm characteristics and business environment. Data were gathered after administering questionnaires to 1690 SMEs located around tourist attractions throughout the country in 2018. The study uses quantile regression to analyze the determinants of firm performance. The findings indicate that entrepreneur/managers education, business experience, initial capital, business registration and age of the owner are important in explaining enterprise performance. We also find that male managed enterprises outperform those managed by female. The study suggests that providing easy access to credit for initial capital and easing the business registration process and training entrepreneurs/managers will increase performance of SMEs in the tourism industry.

Technical Efficiency of Farming Households in Uganda: Evidence from the national Panel Survey Data, 2005-2010

We investigate performance of the agricultural sector in Uganda and whether it has varied by the ... more We investigate performance of the agricultural sector in Uganda and whether it has varied by the 4 major regions in Uganda using agricultural technical efficiency as a proxy for performance on a nationally representative panel data set. We apply the classical parametric stochastic production frontier estimator in estimating the technical efficiency scores for each of the 4 regions using a panel framework. We find rather surprising results contrary to our hypothetical expectations. The households in the northern and eastern regions are found to have relatively higher levels of technical efficiency over the study period compared to the rest of the regions. The presence of increased government intervention in the peace process, and concerted effort by both government and international agencies to develop and promote agriculture programs in the region during this period, were possibly responsible for the observed levels and trends in technical efficiency in the two regions. The western ...

Foresight Africa: The Continent’s Greatest Challenges and Opportunities for 2011

B efore the recent global economic crisis, African countries experienced one of the longest perio... more B efore the recent global economic crisis, African countries experienced one of the longest periods of economic expansion. Although Africa weathered the crisis much better than many other regions, its economies remain fragile and daunted by the challenge of achieving suf-fi ciently high growth rates. Yet, there are also many opportunities that off er hope for African countries to achieve sustainable growth in 2011. In this report, experts from the Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings examine some of the key issues that will matter for Africa in 2011 and beyond. Th ey provide brief overviews of the issues and give policy recommendations to African governments and development partners on how to leverage the opportunities for prosperity, while anticipating and overcoming challenges that could derail Africa's growth.serves that 2011 will be a year of elections for Africa with 27 countries expected to hold national elections. He suggests that while the elections provide opportunitie...

The Effect of Healthcare Expenditure on Maternal Mortality in Uganda

Tanzanian economic trends, Jan 31, 2024

The maternal mortality rate in Uganda of 189 per 100,000 live births remains above the global tar... more The maternal mortality rate in Uganda of 189 per 100,000 live births remains above the global target of 70 per 100,000. Evidence shows that the mode of healthcare expenditure impacts the provision of maternal healthcare services and reduction in maternal mortality. Understanding how healthcare expenditure impacts maternal health outcomes in Uganda is important for policy. Data from World Development Indicators for the period 1985-2019 were used to explore the effect of healthcare expenditure on maternal mortality using an auto-regressive distributed lag model. The findings showed that domestic government expenditure targeted on maternal health conditions significantly reduces maternal mortality. An increase in nurses was also associated with significant reductions in maternal mortality; hence, the government should increase investment in training and posting adequate nurses at public health facilities, where the majority of Ugandans seek care. Similarly, out-ofpocket health expenditure and total health expenditure per capita were both associated with a reduction in maternal deaths in the short-run. However, while out-of-pocket health expenditure is associated with a reduction in maternal mortality, it is inequitable. The Uganda National Health Insurance should ensure that financial risk protection for the poor is implemented to move towards universal health coverage.

Effects of carbon dioxide emissions on agricultural production indexes in East African Community countries: Pooled Mean Group and Fixed effect approaches

Energy Nexus

How equitable is utilization of maternal health services in Uganda? Implications for achieving universal health coverage

BMC Health Services Research

Background Maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda remain persistently high. While utilisation ... more Background Maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda remain persistently high. While utilisation of maternal health services has been shown to reduce the risk of maternal death, little is known about the inequalities in utilisation of maternal health services in Uganda. This study examined the inequalities in utilisation of maternal health services between 2006 and 2016 to draw implications for achieving universal health coverage. Methods We used the Uganda Demographic Health Survey 2006, 2011 and 2016 to analyse inequalities in utilisation of antenatal care (ANC4+), skilled birth attendance (SBA), postnatal care (PNC) and a package of maternal health services. Equity ratios, concentration curves, concentration indices and regression analysis were used in the estimations. Results Inequalities in utilization of single and a package of maternal health services reduced between 2005 and 2016, but remained pro-rich. Inequalities in utilisation of package of maternal health services were ...

Determinants and effects of foreign direct investment in sub-Saharan Africa

Effects of Technological Progress And Productivity on Economic Growth In Uganda

Procedia Economics and Finance, 2012

The study focused on the effects of technological progress and productivity on economic growth in... more The study focused on the effects of technological progress and productivity on economic growth in Uganda within the, 1971-2009 period. The study found out that growth in technological progress resulted in economic growth, whereas increase in either capital productivity or labor productivity gave rise to reduction in economic growth within the aforementioned period. Capital productivity or labor productivity could have caused reduction in economic growth because labor productivity growth might have caused workers to enjoy more leisure instead of working more or growth in capital productivity could have made capital more efficient and resulted in more idle capacity; thus causing depletion of output through reduction in the capital or labor used in production. Theoretical models developed were empirically tested after transforming them into the relevant econometric models. The relevant variables were simulated from annual disposable income, annual real GDP and annual investment expenditures using the celebrated Cobb-Douglas production function.

ECON 536: ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS - Week 2 video recordings

AERC, Aug 28, 2020

How Equitable is Utilization of Maternal Health Services in Uganda? Implications for Achieving Universal Health Coverage

Research Square (Research Square), Jan 4, 2023

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda remain persistently high. While utilisation... more Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda remain persistently high. While utilisation of and utilisation of maternal health services has been shown to reduce the risk of maternal death, little is known about the inequalities in utilisation of maternal health services. This study examined the inequalities in utilisation of maternal health services between 2006 and 2016 to draw implications for achieving universal health coverage. Methods: We used the Uganda Demographic Health Survey 2006, 2011 and 2016 to analyse inequalities in utilisation of antenatal care (ANC4+), skilled birth attendance (SBA), postnatal care (PNC) and a package of maternal health services. Equity ratios, concentration curves, concentration indices and regression analysis were used in the estimations. Results: Inequalities in utilization of single and a package of maternal health services reduced between 2005 and 2016, but remained pro-rich. Inequalities in utilisation of package of maternal health services were greater than for a single service. Women from the richest quintile were 4 times more likely to receive a package of care compared to the poorest women, but were just 1.5 times more likely to receive ANC4+ than those in the poorest quintile. In 2006 women in urban areas were 2.6 times more likely to receive a package of all three maternal health services than their rural counterpart and they had a relative advantage of 23.4% to utilize skilled birth delivery than the poorest women. Each additional year of schooling and living in urban areas was associated with 1.2 and 1.6 percentage point increase in utilisation of a package of care respectively. Wealth, education and living in urban areas were positively associated with utilisation of all maternal healthcare. Conclusion: Declining inequalities in utilisation of maternal healthcare re ect a move towards achieving universal health coverage in Uganda. Pro-rich, education and urban-biased inequalities, imply the need for targeted interventions for the poor, less educated and rural women. Targeted voucher schemes, free distribution of birth kits for poorer and rural women, community-level mobilization to improve uptake of postnatal care, and promoting women's education and incomes are feasible interventions to improve utilisation of maternal health services and equity.

Role of Higher Education Growth in Enhancing Economic Growth, Innovation Advancement and Technological Progress in Uganda (1970–2014)

The uganda Higher Education Review

We examine the role of growth in higher education in enhancing economic growth, innovation advanc... more We examine the role of growth in higher education in enhancing economic growth, innovation advancement and technological progress in Uganda during the 1970 to 2014 period. Higher education is measured by the higher (tertiary) education gross enrolment ratio (GER). The major hypothesis of the study is that “Higher education growth enhances economic growth, innovation advancement and technical progress”. The study is important because Uganda still has low levels of higher education GER, innovation and technology. Data set employed in the empirical analyses was obtained from the United Nations statistics database and analyzed using the generalised least squares (GLS) technique. First, we find that a 1% increase in higher education GER growth had the potential of causing economic growth, innovation advancement, technological progress and total factor (TF) to increase by 0.82, 0.10, 0.27 and 0.56%, respectively, during the given period. Second, empirical evidence shows that a 1% increase...

ECON 536: Environmental Economics Video recording for August 31, Sep 2 and 4 2020

ECON 536 - Environmental Economics I

AERC, Aug 15, 2020

ECON 536: Environmental Economics Video recording Date: Sep 7, 2020

AERC, Sep 7, 2020

Fossil fuel energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emissions in Kenya

We investigate the relationship between fossil fuel energy consumption, economic growth, urbaniza... more We investigate the relationship between fossil fuel energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emissions in Kenya from 1971 to 2014. The study employs lin-log and log-lin models and uses the autoregressive distributed lag bounds cointegration test, the Johansen-Juselius cointegration test, and the Gregory-Hansen structural breaks test for cointegration to determine the presence of a long-run causal relationship between variables. Except for urbanization, the empirical results of fossil fuel consumption and economic growth show a positive relationship with carbon dioxide emissions. Besides, the study investigates the relationship between the variables by employing a Granger-based causality test based on a vector error correction model. Short-run Granger causality results show unidirectional causality running from fossil fuel energy consumption to economic growth, urbanization to carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth to carbon dioxide emissions. Thes...

Determinants and effects of foreign direct investment in sub-Saharan Africa

University of Dar es Salaam, 2008

Entrepreneurial Risk Taking and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Kano State, Nigeria

Risk taking is a dominant attribute of entrepreneurial activities, as the higher the risk-taking ... more Risk taking is a dominant attribute of entrepreneurial activities, as the higher the risk-taking orientation, the higher a firm’s profitability and growth. The main purpose of this study was to establish the effect of entrepreneurial risk taking on performance of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Kano State, Nigeria. Data for the study was obtained through questionnaire and interview from 393 owners, managers and staff of SMEs in Kano state, Nigeria, on a cross sectional research design. Results using Pearson linear correlation and regression analysis have a positive significant relationship between entrepreneurial risk taking and performance of SMEs. Entrepreneurial risk taking has a positive impact on performance of SMEs in Kano State, Nigeria. Entrepreneurial risk taking had a significant effect (F – statistic = 35.959; t – statistic = 5.997) P= 0.001. The study adds value to the growing body of knowledge in the field of entrepreneurial development activities. The stud...

Work and Income for Young Men and Women in Africa: Case of Uganda

African youth are at the core of its economic transformation given that two-thirds of its populat... more African youth are at the core of its economic transformation given that two-thirds of its population consists of people below 35 years of age. As such, they constitute the largest group of labour market entrants that has a strong bearing on the development of the continent. However, despite having such human resources, African countries are dealing with rising unemployment among its youths, with unemployment being higher among female youths. This study was set out to undertake an in-depth country study to inform policy makers and development POLICY BRIEF

ECON 536: Environmental Economics Video recording for Sep 7, 9, 11 , 2020

Determinants of Enterprise Performance in Uganda’s Tourism Sector: Does Gender Matter?

by Ruth Nsibirano, Margaret Banga, and John Mutenyo

International Journal of Business and Management, 2021

The paper looks at the relationship between the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises... more The paper looks at the relationship between the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector of Uganda and firm characteristics and business environment. Data were gathered after administering questionnaires to 1690 SMEs located around tourist attractions throughout the country in 2018. The study uses quantile regression to analyze the determinants of firm performance. The findings indicate that entrepreneur/managers education, business experience, initial capital, business registration and age of the owner are important in explaining enterprise performance. We also find that male managed enterprises outperform those managed by female. The study suggests that providing easy access to credit for initial capital and easing the business registration process and training entrepreneurs/managers will increase performance of SMEs in the tourism industry.

Determinants of Enterprise Performance in Uganda’s Tourism Sector: Does Gender Matter?

International Journal of Business and Management, 2021

The paper looks at the relationship between the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises... more The paper looks at the relationship between the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector of Uganda and firm characteristics and business environment. Data were gathered after administering questionnaires to 1690 SMEs located around tourist attractions throughout the country in 2018. The study uses quantile regression to analyze the determinants of firm performance. The findings indicate that entrepreneur/managers education, business experience, initial capital, business registration and age of the owner are important in explaining enterprise performance. We also find that male managed enterprises outperform those managed by female. The study suggests that providing easy access to credit for initial capital and easing the business registration process and training entrepreneurs/managers will increase performance of SMEs in the tourism industry.

Technical Efficiency of Farming Households in Uganda: Evidence from the national Panel Survey Data, 2005-2010

We investigate performance of the agricultural sector in Uganda and whether it has varied by the ... more We investigate performance of the agricultural sector in Uganda and whether it has varied by the 4 major regions in Uganda using agricultural technical efficiency as a proxy for performance on a nationally representative panel data set. We apply the classical parametric stochastic production frontier estimator in estimating the technical efficiency scores for each of the 4 regions using a panel framework. We find rather surprising results contrary to our hypothetical expectations. The households in the northern and eastern regions are found to have relatively higher levels of technical efficiency over the study period compared to the rest of the regions. The presence of increased government intervention in the peace process, and concerted effort by both government and international agencies to develop and promote agriculture programs in the region during this period, were possibly responsible for the observed levels and trends in technical efficiency in the two regions. The western ...

Foresight Africa: The Continent’s Greatest Challenges and Opportunities for 2011

B efore the recent global economic crisis, African countries experienced one of the longest perio... more B efore the recent global economic crisis, African countries experienced one of the longest periods of economic expansion. Although Africa weathered the crisis much better than many other regions, its economies remain fragile and daunted by the challenge of achieving suf-fi ciently high growth rates. Yet, there are also many opportunities that off er hope for African countries to achieve sustainable growth in 2011. In this report, experts from the Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings examine some of the key issues that will matter for Africa in 2011 and beyond. Th ey provide brief overviews of the issues and give policy recommendations to African governments and development partners on how to leverage the opportunities for prosperity, while anticipating and overcoming challenges that could derail Africa's growth.serves that 2011 will be a year of elections for Africa with 27 countries expected to hold national elections. He suggests that while the elections provide opportunitie...