With the takeover of Crimea by masked Russian soldiers/fighters without national insignia in Febr... more With the takeover of Crimea by masked Russian soldiers/fighters without national insignia in February/March 2014, with the Kremlin at first denying its involvement, war became ‘hybrid’ in our minds. The follow-on conflict in Eastern Ukraine, with separatism supported by neighbouring countries and the armed establishment and military securing of pseudo-state people’s republics, including recourse to pro-Russian fighters ‘on holiday’, has reinforced the impression of a hybrid form of warfare, raising the question: what is hybrid warfare? This article argues that the specific nature of hybrid warfare is essentially a strategic matter characterised by three key tendencies and their orchestration within a hybrid ‘grand strategy’: 1. Focusing the decision of the war/conflict, as such, primarily on a broad spectrum of non-military centres of gravity in a flexible and dynamic manner. 2. Operating in the shadow of various interfaces against specific vulnerabilities of the opponent, thus chal...
This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European ... more This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service, and the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE). It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission nor by Hybrid CoE. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission or Hybrid CoE is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
With the takeover of Crimea by masked Russian soldiers/fighters without national insignia in Febr... more With the takeover of Crimea by masked Russian soldiers/fighters without national insignia in February/March 2014, with the Kremlin at first denying its involvement, war became ‘hybrid’ in our minds. The follow-on conflict in Eastern Ukraine, with separatism supported by neighbouring countries and the armed establishment and military securing of pseudo-state people’s republics, including recourse to pro-Russian fighters ‘on holiday’, has reinforced the impression of a hybrid form of warfare, raising the question: what is hybrid warfare? This article argues that the specific nature of hybrid warfare is essentially a strategic matter characterised by three key tendencies and their orchestration within a hybrid ‘grand strategy’: 1. Focusing the decision of the war/conflict, as such, primarily on a broad spectrum of non-military centres of gravity in a flexible and dynamic manner. 2. Operating in the shadow of various interfaces against specific vulnerabilities of the opponent, thus chal...
This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European ... more This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service, and the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE). It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission nor by Hybrid CoE. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission or Hybrid CoE is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
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Papers by Johann Schmid
and the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE). It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to
the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission nor by
Hybrid CoE. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission or Hybrid CoE is responsible for the use
that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for
which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed
and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union
concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
boundaries.
and the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE). It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to
the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission nor by
Hybrid CoE. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission or Hybrid CoE is responsible for the use
that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for
which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed
and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union
concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
boundaries.