The present study compares the housing policies of Sweden and Soviet Estonia, with a focus on Sto... more The present study compares the housing policies of Sweden and Soviet Estonia, with a focus on Stockholm and Tallinn, during the first decade of the postwar period. The focus is not on policymaking, however, but on how the housing policies were carried out — that is, on the practical and the local level. Like many other modern states, both the Soviet Union, with its authoritarian socialism, and Sweden, with its social democracy, strove to shape their citizens' lives for the better. Both states considered it their duty actively to plan, organize, and control housing. We begin by asking what differences existed in visions and practices between Sweden and Estonia. Since the turn of the 20th century, the Swedish state had considered it necessary to mitigate market forces and steer them in the right direction.6 In Soviet Estonia, meanwhile, the state supplanted the market's role entirely by centrally planning the building and distribution of housing. Both countries aspired to cont...
cy based on private ownership and farming combined with collective processing and sales through v... more cy based on private ownership and farming combined with collective processing and sales through voluntary cooperatives. Well into the interbellum period, most of the parties had to concede that the land reforms they sought to carry out often turned out to be more symbolic than socially transformative. The parties consequently sought various means of survival. The agrarians were also dedicated pacifists, as they realized that it was they themselves, and agriculture, that were hardest hit by war. ThE ChoiCEs in terms of which path to take were often made by the party leaders. Their lives and political achievements have been little delineated by academics, whose works are all too often available only in their native languages. In Anglo-Saxon research, the agrarian leaders and their parties are often viewed as historical footnotes that, in the worst case, paved the way for populism and the disintegration of the democratic systems. However, since the Eastern European archives became available in the 1990s, three more comprehensive biographies have been published in English concerning, respectively, the leader of the Republican agrarian party in Czechoslovakia, Antonín Švehla (1873-1933), the leader of the Croatian agrarian party, Stjepan Radić (1871-1928), and the leader of the Bulgarian agrarian party, Aleksandǔr Stamboliĭski (1879-1923). These three biographies not only offer insight into the roles played by the agrarian leaders and their parties during the interbellum period, but also illustrate how a biography can be used to convey a historical phenomenon. The leader of the Bulgarian National Union (BANU), Aleksandǔr Stamboliĭski, holds a special place among the interbellum agrarians as a constantly quoted but
... real change in the direction of history writing took place. Within a short time span, many bo... more ... real change in the direction of history writing took place. Within a short time span, many books and articles appeared that either illuminated the character and purpose of the new history or rewrote Estonian history, stressing the importance of the workers and their struggle to join ...
A Community Resting on Butter: Agricultural Cooperatives in Estonia in the Beginning of the 20th ... more A Community Resting on Butter: Agricultural Cooperatives in Estonia in the Beginning of the 20th Century
The aim of this text is to provide a broad picture of agrarianism as an ideology, especially in E... more The aim of this text is to provide a broad picture of agrarianism as an ideology, especially in Eastern and Central Europe during the inter-war period, summarizing the main features in contemporary political programs and discussions on agrarianism in order to create a framework for further analysis. The text will focus on explaining the agrarianist view of history, and on the mechanisms of social change, political power, and the organization of society. Moreover, some historiographical notes on earlier studies on East European agrarianism will be included, focusing on their understanding of the origins of agrarianism, its character, and its destiny in the region. In Eastern Europe, agrarianism arose in a historical context characterized by numerous agrarian crises and rural uprisings, and in a situation in which agriculture and society were rapidly modernized. The rural population had rapidly increased, causing overpopulation and a great scarcity of land. Mechanization threatened th...
Integration och splittring : sakerhetspolitiska aspekter pa den rysksprakiga befolkningens integr... more Integration och splittring : sakerhetspolitiska aspekter pa den rysksprakiga befolkningens integration i Estland
Fil. dr Johan Eellend, f. 1971, är forskarassistent vid Samtidshistoriska institutet, Södertörns ... more Fil. dr Johan Eellend, f. 1971, är forskarassistent vid Samtidshistoriska institutet, Södertörns högskola. Eellend disputerade på Cultivating the rural citizen (2007). Han har bland annat skrivit artiklarna "Estonian-Latvian relations" och "Finnish-Estonian relations" i Cross-border cooperation in the Baltic Sea area (2009).
Commemorating the Fallen for Friendship and Encouragement : The Commemoration of Fallen Soldiers ... more Commemorating the Fallen for Friendship and Encouragement : The Commemoration of Fallen Soldiers in the Military Culture in the Baltic Sea region 1919-1939
Creating the IDEAL CITIZEN by improving the citizen's life : A comparison of Swedish and Esto... more Creating the IDEAL CITIZEN by improving the citizen's life : A comparison of Swedish and Estonian practical housing policy in the postwar era
A comparison is made between Estonia, Poland and Sweden. Both Estonia and Latvia are considered n... more A comparison is made between Estonia, Poland and Sweden. Both Estonia and Latvia are considered new states according to the typology proposed by Ernest Gellner. Estonia had neither coherent history nor historical continuity, although a language and Estonian culture existed. Poland ...
Yannis Kotsonis, Making peasants backward. Agricultural cooperatives and the agrarian question in... more Yannis Kotsonis, Making peasants backward. Agricultural cooperatives and the agrarian question in Russia 18611914, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999. 245 s. Eduard Kubu° & Helga Schultz (red), Wirtschaftsnationalismus als Entwick-lungsstrategie ostmitteleuropäischen Eliten, ...
The present study compares the housing policies of Sweden and Soviet Estonia, with a focus on Sto... more The present study compares the housing policies of Sweden and Soviet Estonia, with a focus on Stockholm and Tallinn, during the first decade of the postwar period. The focus is not on policymaking, however, but on how the housing policies were carried out — that is, on the practical and the local level. Like many other modern states, both the Soviet Union, with its authoritarian socialism, and Sweden, with its social democracy, strove to shape their citizens' lives for the better. Both states considered it their duty actively to plan, organize, and control housing. We begin by asking what differences existed in visions and practices between Sweden and Estonia. Since the turn of the 20th century, the Swedish state had considered it necessary to mitigate market forces and steer them in the right direction.6 In Soviet Estonia, meanwhile, the state supplanted the market's role entirely by centrally planning the building and distribution of housing. Both countries aspired to cont...
cy based on private ownership and farming combined with collective processing and sales through v... more cy based on private ownership and farming combined with collective processing and sales through voluntary cooperatives. Well into the interbellum period, most of the parties had to concede that the land reforms they sought to carry out often turned out to be more symbolic than socially transformative. The parties consequently sought various means of survival. The agrarians were also dedicated pacifists, as they realized that it was they themselves, and agriculture, that were hardest hit by war. ThE ChoiCEs in terms of which path to take were often made by the party leaders. Their lives and political achievements have been little delineated by academics, whose works are all too often available only in their native languages. In Anglo-Saxon research, the agrarian leaders and their parties are often viewed as historical footnotes that, in the worst case, paved the way for populism and the disintegration of the democratic systems. However, since the Eastern European archives became available in the 1990s, three more comprehensive biographies have been published in English concerning, respectively, the leader of the Republican agrarian party in Czechoslovakia, Antonín Švehla (1873-1933), the leader of the Croatian agrarian party, Stjepan Radić (1871-1928), and the leader of the Bulgarian agrarian party, Aleksandǔr Stamboliĭski (1879-1923). These three biographies not only offer insight into the roles played by the agrarian leaders and their parties during the interbellum period, but also illustrate how a biography can be used to convey a historical phenomenon. The leader of the Bulgarian National Union (BANU), Aleksandǔr Stamboliĭski, holds a special place among the interbellum agrarians as a constantly quoted but
... real change in the direction of history writing took place. Within a short time span, many bo... more ... real change in the direction of history writing took place. Within a short time span, many books and articles appeared that either illuminated the character and purpose of the new history or rewrote Estonian history, stressing the importance of the workers and their struggle to join ...
A Community Resting on Butter: Agricultural Cooperatives in Estonia in the Beginning of the 20th ... more A Community Resting on Butter: Agricultural Cooperatives in Estonia in the Beginning of the 20th Century
The aim of this text is to provide a broad picture of agrarianism as an ideology, especially in E... more The aim of this text is to provide a broad picture of agrarianism as an ideology, especially in Eastern and Central Europe during the inter-war period, summarizing the main features in contemporary political programs and discussions on agrarianism in order to create a framework for further analysis. The text will focus on explaining the agrarianist view of history, and on the mechanisms of social change, political power, and the organization of society. Moreover, some historiographical notes on earlier studies on East European agrarianism will be included, focusing on their understanding of the origins of agrarianism, its character, and its destiny in the region. In Eastern Europe, agrarianism arose in a historical context characterized by numerous agrarian crises and rural uprisings, and in a situation in which agriculture and society were rapidly modernized. The rural population had rapidly increased, causing overpopulation and a great scarcity of land. Mechanization threatened th...
Integration och splittring : sakerhetspolitiska aspekter pa den rysksprakiga befolkningens integr... more Integration och splittring : sakerhetspolitiska aspekter pa den rysksprakiga befolkningens integration i Estland
Fil. dr Johan Eellend, f. 1971, är forskarassistent vid Samtidshistoriska institutet, Södertörns ... more Fil. dr Johan Eellend, f. 1971, är forskarassistent vid Samtidshistoriska institutet, Södertörns högskola. Eellend disputerade på Cultivating the rural citizen (2007). Han har bland annat skrivit artiklarna "Estonian-Latvian relations" och "Finnish-Estonian relations" i Cross-border cooperation in the Baltic Sea area (2009).
Commemorating the Fallen for Friendship and Encouragement : The Commemoration of Fallen Soldiers ... more Commemorating the Fallen for Friendship and Encouragement : The Commemoration of Fallen Soldiers in the Military Culture in the Baltic Sea region 1919-1939
Creating the IDEAL CITIZEN by improving the citizen's life : A comparison of Swedish and Esto... more Creating the IDEAL CITIZEN by improving the citizen's life : A comparison of Swedish and Estonian practical housing policy in the postwar era
A comparison is made between Estonia, Poland and Sweden. Both Estonia and Latvia are considered n... more A comparison is made between Estonia, Poland and Sweden. Both Estonia and Latvia are considered new states according to the typology proposed by Ernest Gellner. Estonia had neither coherent history nor historical continuity, although a language and Estonian culture existed. Poland ...
Yannis Kotsonis, Making peasants backward. Agricultural cooperatives and the agrarian question in... more Yannis Kotsonis, Making peasants backward. Agricultural cooperatives and the agrarian question in Russia 18611914, St. Martin's Press, New York 1999. 245 s. Eduard Kubu° & Helga Schultz (red), Wirtschaftsnationalismus als Entwick-lungsstrategie ostmitteleuropäischen Eliten, ...
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