Papers by Joel Greenhouse
This article presents five principles of learning, derived from cognitive theory and supported by... more This article presents five principles of learning, derived from cognitive theory and supported by empirical results in cognitive psychology. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, each of these principles is transformed into a practical guideline and exemplified in a real teaching context. It is argued that this approach of putting cognitive theory into practice can offer several benefits to statistics education: a means for explaining and understanding why reform efforts work; a set of guidelines that can help instructors make well-informed design decisions when implementing these reforms; and a framework for generating new and effective instructional innovations.
General Hospital Psychiatry, 1988
We studied 13 untreated Graves' disease subjects in a clinical research unit using endocr... more We studied 13 untreated Graves' disease subjects in a clinical research unit using endocrine, psychiatric, and neuropsychological assessments. We used SADS interviews, RDC, standardized symptom rating scales, and motor activity monitoring to update earlier studies and quantified psychiatric symptoms to elucidate any correlations between endocrine and psychiatric status. Nine of 13 subjects had major depression, 8/13 had generalized anxiety disorder, and 3/13 were hypomanic. Anxiety levels were much higher than in other hospitalized medical patients. Using a broad battery of neuropsychological testing, we found mild deficits in attention, memory, and complex problem solving that were consistent with previous studies of hyperthyroid patients. The severity of psychiatric symptoms could easily result in an inappropriate referral to a psychiatrist prior to the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. The relationship between psychiatric symptoms and possible CNS effects of excess levels of thyroid hormone is discussed.
Statistics in Medicine, 1992
Phase I clinical trials are conducted to determine the dose-response curve of a new drug with res... more Phase I clinical trials are conducted to determine the dose-response curve of a new drug with respect to toxic side effects and, in particular, to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In this paper we take a Bayesian approach to the problem of making inferences about the MTD. Working with broad classes of priors, we obtain the posterior distribution of the MTD and study its properties. We also address the question of providing updated assessments of the risk of toxicity for new patients entering the study at a specific dose level. These assessments would be useful in deciding issues of study management and ethics. Our analysis pays particular attention to the sensitivity of the inferences and risk assessments to the choice of prior and the choice of model for the dose-response relationship.
Commun Statist Theor Method, 1984
... Joel B. Greenhouse Departmenl of Statistics Carnegie-Melion University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 .... more ... Joel B. Greenhouse Departmenl of Statistics Carnegie-Melion University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ... Mantel and Byar (19741, Brown, Hollandler and Korwar (1974), Crowley and Hu (1977), Kalbfleisch and Prentice (1980), and most recently, in Aitkin, Laird and Frances (1983). ...
Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 2015
Statistics in medicine, Jan 15, 1992
The NCCTG randomized controlled clinical trial for the treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma... more The NCCTG randomized controlled clinical trial for the treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma is a wonderful case study of the dynamic interplay between scientific learning and statistical inference. Ethical concerns for minimizing the number of patients assigned to an inferior treatment and interest in identifying subsets of patients for whom a treatment is most likely efficacious pose challenging problems for the practice of statistics. In the first part of this paper, I comment on the applications of Bayesian methods to these problems in the NCCTG trial as presented by Freedman and Spieglehalter and Dixon and Simon, respectively. In the second part of this paper, I discuss and illustrate a Bayesian approach to model sensitivity analysis with a particular focus on model specification and criticism. The Bayesian approach provides a formal methodology to assess the sensitivity of inferences to the inputs into an analysis so that it is possible to investigate the consequences of ...
Psychiatry Research, 1988
The authors present a 10-item clinician-rated symptom rating scale for delirium. Compared to deme... more The authors present a 10-item clinician-rated symptom rating scale for delirium. Compared to demented, schizophrenic, and normal control groups, 20 delirious subjects scored significantly higher on the scale, which quantitates multiple parameters affected by delirium. The scale can be used alone or in conjunction with an electroencephalogram and bedside cognitive tests to assess the delirious subject.
Statistics in Medicine, 1996
ABSTRACT This paper presents a case study of model selection for survival analysis data. We use a... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a case study of model selection for survival analysis data. We use an approximate Bayesian method for model selection based on assessing the posterior probability of competing models given the data. We introduce the Schwarz criteria, an approximation to the logarithm of the Bayes factor, to provide an indication of evidence in favour of one model compared to another. Specifically, in the context of a depression prevention clinical trial we evaluate the efficacy of treatment in preventing or delaying the time to recurrence of depression, and evaluate how differences in the survival distributions between the two treatment groups depend on explanatory variables of interest. This investigation is based on a mixture survival model that explicitly incorporates the possibility of a surviving fraction.
Statistics in Medicine, 2009
... Updating our aims and scope for the future. Ralph B. D'Agostino Editor 1,* ,; Vern F... more ... Updating our aims and scope for the future. Ralph B. D'Agostino Editor 1,* ,; Vern Farewell Editor 2 ,; Joel B. Greenhouse Editor 3 ,; John Whitehead Editor 4. ... Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. Email: Ralph B. D'Agostino ([email protected] ...
Statistics in Medicine, 1992
Phase I clinical trials are conducted to determine the dose-response curve of a new drug with res... more Phase I clinical trials are conducted to determine the dose-response curve of a new drug with respect to toxic side effects and, in particular, to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In this paper we take a Bayesian approach to the problem of making inferences about the MTD. Working with broad classes of priors, we obtain the posterior distribution of the MTD and study its properties. We also address the question of providing updated assessments of the risk of toxicity for new patients entering the study at a specific dose level. These assessments would be useful in deciding issues of study management and ethics. Our analysis pays particular attention to the sensitivity of the inferences and risk assessments to the choice of prior and the choice of model for the dose-response relationship.
Statistics in Medicine, 2006
... Editorial. The MannWhitney statistic: continuous use and discovery. Special Papers for the 2... more ... Editorial. The MannWhitney statistic: continuous use and discovery. Special Papers for the 25th Anniversary of Statistics in Medicine. ... How to Cite. D'Agostino, RB, Campbell, M. and Greenhouse, J. (2006), The MannWhitney statistic: continuous use and discovery. ...
Statistics in Medicine, 2006
Statistics in Medicine, 1996
Heterogeneity in biomedical data is often a source of great scientific interest and mixture model... more Heterogeneity in biomedical data is often a source of great scientific interest and mixture models provide a general framework for modelling the various types that arise in practice. Finite mixture models model discrete subgroups within populations while continuous mixture models inflate the variance to account for over-dispersed data. A potential problem with the application of finite mixture models in practice is that these models may drastically overestimate the number of component densities when there is a lack of model fit. This can have severe consequences, leading the data analyst to attach substantive interpretations to spurious subgroups. For this reason, we propose using the continuous mixture model as an alternative when fitting finite mixture models with an arbitrary number of components. In the context of an example examining a specific oculomotor component of eye-tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia, we demonstrate why the continuous mixture model provides a viable alternative to the finite mixture model for small sample sizes. We present methods for fitting and comparing both models using the parametric bootstrap and EM algorithm, and show that the distinction between the models decreases as the number of component densities in the finite mixture model increases.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00039896 1988 9935836, Aug 3, 2010
Statistics in Medicine, 2006
Statistics in Medicine, 2007
Beginning the Next 25 Years Statistics in Medicine is 25 years old. We now begin the 26th year wi... more Beginning the Next 25 Years Statistics in Medicine is 25 years old. We now begin the 26th year with more enthusiasm than any other period in the journal's history. We have attained and maintain our stature as a leading journal in biostatistics. Our objective of publishing articles motivated by real-world examples and including methods immediately applicable to medical problems continues to make us useful, unique and in high demand. Articles written by leading statisticians and new scholars appear in each issue.
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Papers by Joel Greenhouse