Ruchy miejskie od kilku lat nadają ton społecznym dyskusjom i tworzą nową formę zaangażowania spo... more Ruchy miejskie od kilku lat nadają ton społecznym dyskusjom i tworzą nową formę zaangażowania społecznego. Ich obecność każe nam inaczej patrzeć na rolę III sektora oraz kategorię społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Ruchy miejskie odegrały również istotną rolę w wyborach samorządowych w 2014 r. Istotnym pytaniem pozostaje ich przyszła tożsamość i forma aktywności.
Microwave emission spectra observed near the oxygen absorption line near 118 GHz and from above t... more Microwave emission spectra observed near the oxygen absorption line near 118 GHz and from above the earth's atmosphere can be used to determine a temperature profile. However, clouds can perturb brightness temperature measurements by over 100 K. One would like to locate and characterize clouds in order to correct the inferred temperature profile. This thesis presents a method for finding and characterizing clouds based on brightness temperature measurements. The brightness temperatures measured by a downward looking radiometer aboard a high-altitude aircraft were filtered to reduce noise, and then warped so that the effects of strongly convected ice would not dominate the statistics of the emission spectra. The radiometer measured upwelling emission spectra at spots between-46.8' and +46.80 from nadir. In a cloud-free region of uniform temperature, the measured brightness temperatures typically are lower at spots away from nadir than at spots close to nadir. The average of the warped brightness temperatures in a region of clear air were computed and then subtracted from all of the warped brightness temperatures in order to eliminate cross-scan curvature from the data. The resulting data was transformed into uncorrelated random variables using principal components analysis. The application of principal components analysis on all of the valid data showed that the degrees of freedom such as cloud cover, atmospheric temperature, and surface emissivity produced correlated effects in the data even though there was no reason to think that they were correlated. The first principal component was sensitive to cloud cover. However, it was sensitive also to variations in surface emissivity. A principal component that described the variations in surface emissivity was computed by applying principal components analysis on a set of data over cloud-free regions with varying surfaces. Then, that principal component was removed from the data. The first principal component of the resulting data, called the first post-constraint principal component, was sensitive to clouds but not to surface variations. A cloud flag index based on that principal component was formulated. However, it was found to be influenced by atmospheric temperature. The second post-constraint principal component was used to formulate another cloud flag which was insensitive to atmospheric temperature variations. This cloud flag was applied to about 11 hours of data from three flights during which the aircraft flew over some storm clouds. A comparison of the results with images of the earth's surface and of the morphology of the clouds taken for each flight showed that the cloud flag correctly characterized regions for two of the flights. For the third flight, the cloud flag did not perform as well due to, perhaps, differences between the calibrations for each flight.
Warsaw Social District-New Warsaw Housing Policy. Warsaw Social District (Warszawska Dzielnica Sp... more Warsaw Social District-New Warsaw Housing Policy. Warsaw Social District (Warszawska Dzielnica Społeczna) is a new housing project to be realized in capital of Poland. Its aim is to prove that combining two goals: well-planned estate and creating a housing off er dedicated to various social groups, is possible. Social mix relates both to income-there will be place both for people meeting the fi nancial criteria for social, communal, and the TBS housing as well as tenants who could aff ord to pay commercial rent. WSD is a housing experiment, which is to test the most benefi cial solutions. They are to relate not only to social mix but also new forms of accommodation. Text shows the main assumptions on which idea of the project is based as well as its relation to strategic documents on the state and local level.
The text deals with the transformation of the Polish feminist movement between 2006–2007, in whic... more The text deals with the transformation of the Polish feminist movement between 2006–2007, in which period the movement went beyond the critics of the culture and expanded its area of interest to include economic issues. This helped to broke the elitism of the feminist movement and the cooperation with trade unions had made it possible to reach a larger group of women. It also had allowed the feminist movement to improve the effectiveness of its actions and to become a stronger political actor. Moreover, the text illustrates a gradual formalization of the movement and at the same time indicates positive results that are produced by maintaining an informal character of its actions.
Ruchy miejskie od kilku lat nadają ton społecznym dyskusjom i tworzą nową formę zaangażowania spo... more Ruchy miejskie od kilku lat nadają ton społecznym dyskusjom i tworzą nową formę zaangażowania społecznego. Ich obecność każe nam inaczej patrzeć na rolę III sektora oraz kategorię społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Ruchy miejskie odegrały również istotną rolę w wyborach samorządowych w 2014 r. Istotnym pytaniem pozostaje ich przyszła tożsamość i forma aktywności.
Microwave emission spectra observed near the oxygen absorption line near 118 GHz and from above t... more Microwave emission spectra observed near the oxygen absorption line near 118 GHz and from above the earth's atmosphere can be used to determine a temperature profile. However, clouds can perturb brightness temperature measurements by over 100 K. One would like to locate and characterize clouds in order to correct the inferred temperature profile. This thesis presents a method for finding and characterizing clouds based on brightness temperature measurements. The brightness temperatures measured by a downward looking radiometer aboard a high-altitude aircraft were filtered to reduce noise, and then warped so that the effects of strongly convected ice would not dominate the statistics of the emission spectra. The radiometer measured upwelling emission spectra at spots between-46.8' and +46.80 from nadir. In a cloud-free region of uniform temperature, the measured brightness temperatures typically are lower at spots away from nadir than at spots close to nadir. The average of the warped brightness temperatures in a region of clear air were computed and then subtracted from all of the warped brightness temperatures in order to eliminate cross-scan curvature from the data. The resulting data was transformed into uncorrelated random variables using principal components analysis. The application of principal components analysis on all of the valid data showed that the degrees of freedom such as cloud cover, atmospheric temperature, and surface emissivity produced correlated effects in the data even though there was no reason to think that they were correlated. The first principal component was sensitive to cloud cover. However, it was sensitive also to variations in surface emissivity. A principal component that described the variations in surface emissivity was computed by applying principal components analysis on a set of data over cloud-free regions with varying surfaces. Then, that principal component was removed from the data. The first principal component of the resulting data, called the first post-constraint principal component, was sensitive to clouds but not to surface variations. A cloud flag index based on that principal component was formulated. However, it was found to be influenced by atmospheric temperature. The second post-constraint principal component was used to formulate another cloud flag which was insensitive to atmospheric temperature variations. This cloud flag was applied to about 11 hours of data from three flights during which the aircraft flew over some storm clouds. A comparison of the results with images of the earth's surface and of the morphology of the clouds taken for each flight showed that the cloud flag correctly characterized regions for two of the flights. For the third flight, the cloud flag did not perform as well due to, perhaps, differences between the calibrations for each flight.
Warsaw Social District-New Warsaw Housing Policy. Warsaw Social District (Warszawska Dzielnica Sp... more Warsaw Social District-New Warsaw Housing Policy. Warsaw Social District (Warszawska Dzielnica Społeczna) is a new housing project to be realized in capital of Poland. Its aim is to prove that combining two goals: well-planned estate and creating a housing off er dedicated to various social groups, is possible. Social mix relates both to income-there will be place both for people meeting the fi nancial criteria for social, communal, and the TBS housing as well as tenants who could aff ord to pay commercial rent. WSD is a housing experiment, which is to test the most benefi cial solutions. They are to relate not only to social mix but also new forms of accommodation. Text shows the main assumptions on which idea of the project is based as well as its relation to strategic documents on the state and local level.
The text deals with the transformation of the Polish feminist movement between 2006–2007, in whic... more The text deals with the transformation of the Polish feminist movement between 2006–2007, in which period the movement went beyond the critics of the culture and expanded its area of interest to include economic issues. This helped to broke the elitism of the feminist movement and the cooperation with trade unions had made it possible to reach a larger group of women. It also had allowed the feminist movement to improve the effectiveness of its actions and to become a stronger political actor. Moreover, the text illustrates a gradual formalization of the movement and at the same time indicates positive results that are produced by maintaining an informal character of its actions.
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