Papers by Jerome Mairesse
Pediatric Research, 2021
S COLLECTION 4 Congress of Joint European Neonatal Societies: Brain, Development and Imaging Pedi... more S COLLECTION 4 Congress of Joint European Neonatal Societies: Brain, Development and Imaging Pediatric Research _#####################_ ; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-021-01757-3 Date: 14–18 September 2021 Location: Virtual Meeting Sponsorship: Publication of this supplement was sponsored by MCA Events on behalf of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR), Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies (UENPS), European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants (EFCNI). All content was reviewed and selected by the Scientific Committee and selected abstract reviewers, which held full responsibility for the abstract selections. *Presenting author names have asterisks in the contributor lists. ID 0. Visual tracking performance in very preterm infants at 4 months predicts cognition and behavior at 6.5 years Kerstin Rosander, Ylva Fredriksson Kaul, Gerd Holmström, Lena Hellström Westas Uppsala University, Sweden Background: Visual tracking of moving objects requires sustained attention and prediction of the object’s trajectory. We hypothesized that visual tracking performance in infancy has longterm implications for neurodevelopment in very preterm infants. Methods: Visual tracking was assessed at 4 month’s corrected age in 57 infants with gestational ages 22–31 (mean 28.1) weeks. During the tracking assessment, an object moved back and forth in front of the infant with sinusoidal (predictable) or triangular (abrupt) turns of the direction, while eye and head movements were recorded. Gaze gain, smooth pursuit gain, and timing of gaze to object were analysed. At 6.5 years the children had visual examinations, cognition was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) and attention by the Brown Attention Deficit Disorder (Brown ADD) scale. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed and included adjustments for neonatal risk factors: severe brain injury (IVH 3–4/PVL), retinopathy of prematurity stage 3 or more, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and gestational age. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: For both motion patterns, gaze gain was strongly related to all WISC-IV parameters and smooth pursuit gain to full-scale IQ and processing speed. For the sinusoidal pattern, smooth pursuit gain was also significantly related to working memory. Both motion patterns also related to several Brown-ADD parameters. For the sinusoidal motion pattern both timing of gaze to object and gaze gain related most strongly to “Focusing sustaining and shifting attention” (R= 0.17, p= 0.004; and R= 0.17, p= 0.016, respectively). For the triangular motion pattern, smooth pursuit gain associated to “Regulating alertness, sustaining effort and processing speed” (R= 0.16, p= 0.006). A visual acuity <0.8 at 6.5 years was associated with lower full-scale IQ but not to the visual tracking parameters. Conclusion: The ability of very preterm infants to visually track and attend to a moving object at 4 month’s corrected age is closely related to cognition and attention at 6.5 years. ID 59. Disrupted functional brain organization in children born
Psychoneuroendocrinology, Jan 14, 2018
The interplay between experiences during critical developmental periods and later adult life is c... more The interplay between experiences during critical developmental periods and later adult life is crucial in shaping individual variability in stress coping strategies. Exposure to stressful events in early life has strongly programs an individual's phenotype and adaptive capabilities. Until now, studies on programming and reversal strategies in early life stress animal models have been essentially limited to males. By using the perinatal stress (PRS) rat model (a model more sensitive to aging changes) in middle-aged females, we investigated the behavioral and endocrine responses following exposure in later life to an unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS) condition for six weeks. PRS by itself accelerated the ageing-related-disruption in the estrous cycle and led to reductions in the levels of estradiol. It also reduced motivational and risk-taking behavior in later life, with PRS females being characterized by a reduction in self-grooming in the splash test, in the exploration...
Frontiers in Neurology, 2021
Backgroud: Type-3 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu3) receptors are found in both neurons and glial ce... more Backgroud: Type-3 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu3) receptors are found in both neurons and glial cells and regulate synaptic transmission, astrocyte function, and microglial reactivity. Here we show that the genetic deletion of mGlu3 receptors amplifies ischemic brain damage and associated neuroinflammation in adult mice. An increased infarct size was observed in mGlu3−/− mice of both CD1 and C57Black strains 24 h following a permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) as compared to their respective wild-type (mGlu3+/+ mice) counterparts. Increases in the expression of selected pro-inflammatory genes including those encoding interleukin-1β, type-2 cycloxygenase, tumor necrosis factor-α, CD86, and interleukin-6 were more prominent in the peri-infarct region of mGlu3−/− mice. In contrast, the expression of two genes associated with the anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia (those encoding the mannose-1-phosphate receptor and the α-subunit of interleukin-4 receptor) and t...
Nature Communications, 2021
Clinicians have long been interested in functional brain monitoring, as reversible functional los... more Clinicians have long been interested in functional brain monitoring, as reversible functional losses often precedes observable irreversible structural insults. By characterizing neonatal functional cerebral networks, resting-state functional connectivity is envisioned to provide early markers of cognitive impairments. Here we present a pioneering bedside deep brain resting-state functional connectivity imaging at 250-μm resolution on human neonates using functional ultrasound. Signal correlations between cerebral regions unveil interhemispheric connectivity in very preterm newborns. Furthermore, fine-grain correlations between homologous pixels are consistent with white/grey matter organization. Finally, dynamic resting-state connectivity reveals a significant occurrence decrease of thalamo-cortical networks for very preterm neonates as compared to control term newborns. The same method also shows abnormal patterns in a congenital seizure disorder case compared with the control grou...
Social interaction during adolescence strongly influences brain function and behaviour, and the r... more Social interaction during adolescence strongly influences brain function and behaviour, and the recent pandemic has emphasized the devastating effect of social distancing on mental health. While accumulating evidences have shown the importance of the reward system in encoding specific aspects of social interaction, the consequences of social isolation on the reward system and the development of social skills later in adulthood are still largely unknown. Here, we found that one week of social isolation during adolescence in mice increased social interaction at the expense of social habituation and social novelty preference. Behavioural changes were accompanied by the acute hyperexcitability of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral segmental area (VTA) and long-lasting expression of GluA2-lacking AMPARs at excitatory inputs onto DA neurons that project to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Social isolation-dependent behavioural deficits and changes in neural activity and synaptic plasticity ...
Background: Perinatal inflammation is a key factor of brain vulnerability in neonates born preter... more Background: Perinatal inflammation is a key factor of brain vulnerability in neonates born preterm or with intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), two leading conditions associated with brain injury and responsible for neurocognitive and behavioral disorders. Systemic inflammation is recognized to activate microglia, known to be the critical modulators of brain vulnerability. Although some evidence support a role for metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu3 receptor) in modulation of neuroinflammation, its functions are still unknown in the developing microglia.Methods: We used a double-hit rat model of perinatal brain injury induced by a gestational low-protein diet combined with interleukin-1β injections (LPD/IL-1β), mimicking both IUGR and prematurity-related inflammation. The effect of LPD/IL-1β on mGlu3 receptor expression and the effect of mGlu3 receptor modulation on microglial reactivity were investigated using a combination of pharmacological, histological, and molecular a...
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2019
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 2019
Neurotoxicology, Jan 6, 2018
Exposure of the mother to adverse events during pregnancy is known to induce pathological program... more Exposure of the mother to adverse events during pregnancy is known to induce pathological programming of the HPA axis in the progeny, thereby increasing the vulnerability to neurobehavioral disorders. Maternal care plays a crucial role in the programming of the offspring, and oxytocin plays a key role in mother/pup interaction. Therefore, we investigated whether positive modulation of maternal behavior by activation of the oxytocinergic system could reverse the long-term alterations induced by perinatal stress (PRS; gestational restraint stress 3 times/day during the last ten days of gestation) on HPA axis activity, risk-taking behavior in the elevated-plus maze, hippocampal mGlu5 receptor and gene expression in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stressed and control unstressed dams were treated during the first postpartum week with an oxytocin receptor agonist, carbetocin (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Remarkably, reduction of maternal behavior was predictive of behavioral disturbances in PRS rats as well as ...
NeuroImage, Jan 10, 2018
The emergence of functional neuroimaging has dramatically accelerated our understanding of the hu... more The emergence of functional neuroimaging has dramatically accelerated our understanding of the human mind. The advent of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging paved the way for the next decades' major discoveries in neuroscience and today remains the "gold standard" for deep brain imaging. Recent improvements in imaging technology have been somewhat limited to incremental innovations of mature techniques instead of breakthroughs. Recently, the use of ultrasonic plane waves transmitted at ultrafast frame rates was shown to highly increase Doppler ultrasound sensitivity to blood flows in small vessels in rodents. By identifying regions of brain activation through neurovascular coupling, Ultrafast Doppler was entering into the world of preclinical neuroimaging. The combination of many advantages, including high spatio-temporal resolution, deep penetration, high sensitivity and portability provided unique information about brain function. Recently, Ultrafast Doppler imagin...
Neuropharmacology, Jan 25, 2017
mGlu5 receptors are involved in mechanisms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, and are tar... more mGlu5 receptors are involved in mechanisms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, and are targeted by drugs developed for the treatment of CNS disorders. We report that mGlu3 receptors, which are traditionally linked to the control of neurotransmitter release, support mGlu5 receptor signaling in neurons and largely contribute to the robust mGlu5 receptor-mediated polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in the early postnatal life. In cortical pyramidal neurons, mGlu3 receptor activation potentiated mGlu5 receptor-mediated somatic Ca2+ mobilization, and mGlu3 receptor-mediated long-term depression in the prefrontal cortex required the endogenous activation of mGlu5 receptors. The interaction between mGlu3 and mGlu5 receptors was also relevant to mechanisms of neuronal toxicity, with mGlu3 receptors shaping the influence of mGlu5 receptors on excitotoxic neuronal death. These findings shed new light into the complex role played by mGlu receptors in physiology and pathology, and suggest re...
Primates; journal of primatology, Jan 30, 2016
The level of glucocorticoids, especially if obtained from noninvasive sampling, can be used as an... more The level of glucocorticoids, especially if obtained from noninvasive sampling, can be used as an index of animal well-being, allowing evaluation of the animal's response to environmental modifications. Despite evidence that these hormones play a relevant role in energy metabolism regulation in perceived or real stress events, little is known regarding the factors that could modify the capability of animals to cope with relocation events. The aim of this research was to assess fecal cortisol metabolite concentrations before, during and after acute stress (transfer and relocation event) in two well-established social groups of Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana). The results showed that the fecal levels of cortisol increased in individuals of both groups in response to the stress event, with a similar trend in males and females. Hormone levels were back to baseline values in both groups a few days after transfer and relocation. The presence of known social partners could be one of...
2016 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2016
The recent introduction of functional ultrasound (fUS) based on ultrafast Doppler imaging for blo... more The recent introduction of functional ultrasound (fUS) based on ultrafast Doppler imaging for blood flow detection unveiled a gigantic field of applications in Neuroimaging. Its considerable sensitivity, temporal and spatial resolution enabled to image the neurovascular coupling in unprecedented situations such as olfactory stimulation or spatial representation in an awake animal. However, to date those applications have been restricted to small animal studies. Here we present for the first time fUS imaging in human. We were able to image a broad spectrum of cerebral activity in neonates, from quiet sleep to epileptic seizures, and we could even detect undescribed phenomenon under the form of slowly propagating vascular changes.
Glia, 2016
If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination... more If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Experimental neurology, Aug 21, 2016
White-matter injury is the most common cause of the adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes observed ... more White-matter injury is the most common cause of the adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes observed in preterm infants. Only few options exist to prevent perinatal brain injury associated to preterm delivery. 17β-estradiol (E2) is the predominant estrogen in circulation and has been shown to be neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo. However, while E2 has been found to modulate inflammation in adult models of brain damage, how estrogens influence glial cells response in the developing brain needs further investigations. Using a model of ibotenate-induced brain injury, we have refined the effects of E2 in the developing brain. E2 provides significant neuroprotection both in the cortical plate and the white matter in neonatal rats subjected to excitotoxic insult mimicking white matter and cortical damages frequently observed in very preterm infants. E2 promotes significant changes in microglial phenotypes balance in response to brain injury and the acceleration of oligodendrocyte maturatio...
Pharmacological Research, 2016
Intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein is linked to neuronal degeneration ... more Intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein is linked to neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mounting evidence suggests that tau phosphorylation and O-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) are mutually exclusive post-translational modifications. O-GlcNAcylation depends on 3-5% of intracellular glucose that enters the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. To our knowledge, the existence of an imbalance between tau phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation has not been reported in animal models of AD, as yet. Here, we used triple transgenic (3xTg-AD) mice at 12 months, an age at which hyperphosphorylated tau is already detected and associated with cognitive decline. In these mice, we showed that tau was hyperphosphorylated on both Ser396 and Thr205 in the hippocampus, and to a lower extent and exclusively on Thr205 in the frontal cortex. Tau O-GlcNAcylation, assessed in tau immunoprecipitates, was substantially reduced in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice, with no changes in the frontal cortex or in the cerebellum. No changes in the expression of the three major enzymes involved in O-GlcNAcylation, i.e., glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase, and O-GlcNAc hydrolase were found in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice. These data demonstrate that an imbalance between tau phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation exists in AD mice, and strengthens the hypothesis that O-GlcNAcylation might be targeted by disease modifying drugs in AD.
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2007
Behavioral adaptation to an anxiogenic environment involves the activity of various interconnecte... more Behavioral adaptation to an anxiogenic environment involves the activity of various interconnected limbic regions, such as the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Prenatal stress (PS) in rats affects the ability to cope with environmental challenges and alters brain plasticity, leading to long-lasting behavioral and neurobiological alterations. We examined in PS and control animals whether behavioral reactivity was correlated to neuronal activation by assessing Fos protein expression in limbic regions of rats exposed to a low or high anxiogenic environment (the closed and open arms of an elevated plus maze, respectively). A negative correlation was found between behavioral and neuronal activation, with a lower behavioral reactivity and a higher neuronal response observed in rats exposed to the more anxiogenic environment (the open arm) with respect to the less anxiogenic environment (the closed arm). Interestingly, the variation in the neurobehavioral response between the two arms of the maze was less pronounced in rats that had been subjected to PS. This study provides a remarkable example of how
Adaptive and Maladaptive Aspects of Developmental Stress, 2012
Chronic hyperactivation of the hypothalamus–pituitary axis is associated with the suppression of ... more Chronic hyperactivation of the hypothalamus–pituitary axis is associated with the suppression of reproductive, growth, thyroid and immune functions that may lead to various pathological states. Although many individuals experiencing stressful events do not develop pathologies, stress seems to be a provoking factor in those individuals with particular vulnerability, determined by genetic factors or earlier experience. Exposure of the developing brain to severe and/or prolonged stress may result in hyperactivity of the stress system, defective glucocorticoid negative feedback, altered cognition, novelty seeking, increased vulnerability to addictive behaviours and mood-related disorders. Therefore, stress-related events that occur in the perinatal period can permanently change brain and behaviour of the developing individual. Prenatal restraint stress (PRS) in rats is a well-documented model of early stress known to induce long-lasting neurobiological and behavioural alterations including impaired feedback mechanisms of the HPA axis, disruption of circadian rhythms and altered neuroplasticity. Together with the HPA axis the glutamate system is particularly impaired, and such impairment appears to be involved in the anxious profile of PRS rats.
Advances in Neurobiology, 2014
Stress-related events that occur in the perinatal period can permanently change brain and behavio... more Stress-related events that occur in the perinatal period can permanently change brain and behavior of the developing individual and there is increasing evidence that early-life adversity is a contributing factor in the etiology of drug abuse and mood disorders. Neural adaptations resulting from early-life stress may mediate individual differences in novelty responsiveness and in turn contribute to drug abuse vulnerability. Prenatal restraint stress (PRS) in rats is a well-documented model of early stress known to induce long-lasting neurobiological and behavioral alterations including impaired feedback mechanisms of the HPA axis, enhanced novelty seeking, and increased sensitiveness to psychostimulants as well as anxiety/depression-like behavior. Together with the HPA axis, functional alterations of the mesolimbic dopamine system and of the metabotropic glutamate receptors system appear to be involved in the addiction-like profile of PRS rats.
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Papers by Jerome Mairesse