Papers by Jean-Marc Triffaux
Revue médicale de Liège, Feb 1, 2007
[Hypochondriasis : the morbid fear of diseases…]
PubMed, May 1, 2023
Hypochondriasis is characterized by the fear or belief of suffering from a serious illness, based... more Hypochondriasis is characterized by the fear or belief of suffering from a serious illness, based on the subject's misinterpretation of physical symptoms or manifestations of bodily functions. This concept has always been a topic of debate and controversy regarding its definition, nature and nosography, which is still ongoing today. Its complex management, including psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions, challenges the therapeutic relationship. We will discuss the definition of hypochondriasis and the new diagnosis covering this notion in the DSM-5 and in the scientific literature, the characteristics of this disorder, its differential diagnosis, its management, and considerations on its expression in the present time by evoking cybercondria and the Covid-19 pandemic.
The role of empathy in trolley problems and variants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
British Journal of Social Psychology, Jun 14, 2023
The role of empathy in morality is a subject of ongoing scientific debate due to the lack of syst... more The role of empathy in morality is a subject of ongoing scientific debate due to the lack of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses on this topic. To address this gap, we conducted a PRISMA‐based systematic quantitative review to investigate the role of empathy in moral judgements, decision‐making, and inclinations using trolley problems and variants, which are popular types of moral dilemmas that explore utilitarianism and deontology. We searched for articles in four databases (PsycINFO, Pubmed, WorldWideScience, and Scopus) and performed citation searches. Out of 661 records, we selected 34 that studied the associations between empathy and moral judgements, moral decision‐making, and/or moral inclinations. Six meta‐analyses and systematic reviews of these records consistently showed small to moderate associations between affective empathy and these moral parameters, particularly in personal moral dilemmas involving intentional harm (although some approaches highlighted more complex associations between these parameters). Regarding other empathy domains, most studies found limited or insignificant links between cognitive empathy domains and moral judgements, decision‐making, and inclinations. We discuss the nuances and implications of these results.
A stenography of empathy: Toward a consensual model of the empathic process
L'Encéphale, Aug 1, 2023
Chronos et la clé du temps
Les soins en hôpital de jour : du trou de serrure au jeu de clés…
During a new period of disruption with the hospital-tradition of psychiatric care, the specificit... more During a new period of disruption with the hospital-tradition of psychiatric care, the specificity and originality of the Day Hospital remains to be defined. The metaphoric dimension of the therapeutic “passe-partout”, could be appliqued to hospitals which are to this day, part of institutional therapy story: The care teams have effectively replaced the walls to accommodate the most complex mental diseases. Several therapeutic “keys” are well produced and co-constructed with the fundamental goal of allowing the patient to (re) gain freedom-bridges lost under the weight of his psychopathology. Even though in 40 years the Day Hospital continues to evolve and reinvent, it interestingly gets through crises. This ability to overcome crises is seen in the deinstitutionalization crisis where it was handled with stability due to its originality. Stability does not mean stagnation: the daily questioning of the therapeutic work group leads us… Thanks to this article, we will specifically highlight the therapeutic effect observed across the different support models to the Day Hospital.Peer reviewe
La psychothérapie institutionnelle : un processus thérapeutique au service de la régulation émotionnelle et de l'empathie
Peer reviewe
Schéma Du Cycle De L'Assuétude
Journal de pharmacie de Belgique, 1989
Peer reviewe
Psychiatrie de liaison:regards sur une pratique de la psychologie médicale en hôpital général
Revue Française et Francophone de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, 1997
Peer reviewe
Déclin des scores d'empathie chez les étudiants en médecine : est-ce grave docteur ?
Objectives. – Empathy is central in patient-physician interactions and understanding its developm... more Objectives. – Empathy is central in patient-physician interactions and understanding its development is decisive for education. However, scientific literatures report a striking decline of empathy among medical students during their study course. Firstly, we aimed to replicate this result on a Belgian population. Secondly, as well reported by literature, we expected higher empathy scores for women. Lastly, as central, we expected higher empathy levels for medical students than for “control” students (commercial students were used as a control group: social interactions without a curing aspect) at the beginning of their study course, suggesting that empathy drives students to select specific education fields. Methods. – Through a cross-sectional design, we assessed students from medical and commercial edu- cations at different years of study with the Basic Empathy Scale (N = 1602). We compared: (1) empathy scores at different scholar levels for both populations; (2) scores between men and women; (3) empathy scores between medical and commercial students in their first year of study. Results. – As expected, a significant empathy decline was displayed over time for medical students; women reported significant higher empathy scores than men; and, in their first year, medical students presented significant higher empathy scores than commercials. Conclusions. – Replicating the empathy decline on several student populations is crucial, especially by using different tools. This decline is a multi-factorial process that mainly reflects self-representation changes. The empathy gender bias is a strong effect observed in several empathy-linked phenomena. Finally, empathy is not only central but also drives students to select specific education fields.Peer reviewe
« Below the symptom, within the setting, beyond the symptom… » The symptom remains a kind of "roy... more « Below the symptom, within the setting, beyond the symptom… » The symptom remains a kind of "royal road" into get to the day hospital. But what does it convey ? What innovative therapeutic responses can the day hospital provide ? After a brief reflexion on the symptom, from a semiologic and diagnostic point of view, and an overview of the psychodynamic, systemic and cognitive-behavioral models, we will examine the ingredients that nourish the integrative therapeutic work at the day hospital. Through clinical vignettes, we will describe the work of our institution by highlighting elements related to the concepts of institutional psychotherapy, setting, individual and group transferences and counter-transferences, holding, maternal and paternal functions, intrasubjective and intersubjective reality, object-shoring, and psychological envelope. We will present a particular therapeutic activity called "My Key" by looking at the work of symbolization carried out at the hospital, as well as the notions of the malleable medium and the transitional object. We will see how the day hospital, as an area of care within the scope of a temporal discontinuity, enables psychic continuity and opens the road to the subject's recovery.
Un métier à tisser thérapeutique
Clinique du sujet et hyperspécialisation du soin en hôpital de jour: quand la réalité dépasse la fiction
Peer reviewe
Effect of psychological intervention on psychopathology after heart transplantation
Peer reviewe
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Oct 1, 2008
Evidence that the Two-Way Communication Checklist identifies patient-doctor needs discordance res... more Evidence that the Two-Way Communication Checklist identifies patient-doctor needs discordance resulting in better 6-month outcome. Objective: To assess an intervention aimed at reducing patientprofessional carer needs discordance. Method: In a group of 460 patients with schizophrenia, the Two-Way Communication Checklist (2-COM), an instrument to rate needs, was completed at baseline, 2 months and 6 months by both the patient and the professional carer, allowing for the quantification of patient-carer needs discordance. Results: Reduction in patient-reported 2-COM needs in the group with low baseline needs discordance was much greater at 2 and 6 months (2 months: b =)0.65, P < 0.001; 6 months: b =)1.00, P < 0.001) than in the group with high baseline discordance (2 months: b =)0.35, P < 0.001; 6 months: b =)0.49, P < 0.001). Reduction in needs discordance between baseline and 2 months (b =)0.07, P = 0.004) as well between 2 and 6 months (b =)0.05, P = 0.020) was associated with greater levels of CGI clinical improvement. Conclusion: The fact that patient-carer needs discordance impacts negatively, and its reduction positively, on 6-month outcome suggests that systematic inventory of patient-carer views on needs is necessary.
La « mauvaise santé » mentale • Touche un européen adulte sur quatre (27,4%) • Les troubles menta... more La « mauvaise santé » mentale • Touche un européen adulte sur quatre (27,4%) • Les troubles mentaux = troubles anxieux, dépression, suicide, toxicomanie, schizophrénie… • Suicide : 2000/an en Belgique = 6/jour • DysfoncGonnements liés au stress • Les démences • Sources énormes de pertes, de dépenses et charges pour les citoyens et la société .
La famille face aux écrans
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Papers by Jean-Marc Triffaux