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Jaroslav Kuba

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University of Iceland

Ruben López-Cano

Escola Superior de Música de Catalunya

Lorenzo Verderame

Università degli Studi "La Sapienza" di Roma

Ármann Jakobsson

University of Iceland

Alejandro L. Madrid

Harvard University

Independent Researcher

Croatian Institute of History / Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

University of Innsbruck

University of Warsaw

William Everett

University of Missouri Kansas City

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Papers by Jaroslav Kuba

Exploring the Potential of Table - top X-ray Lasers and Capillary Discharges for Applications

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2002

The advantages of using of table top x-ray lasers (XRLs) for different applications have been des... more The advantages of using of table top x-ray lasers (XRLs) for different applications have been described. Examples of the first successful use of XRLs, the current efforts in applying them and the potential applications where an XRL can be used in future have been discussed. Modeling results showing the possibility of 3-4 times shorter wavelength capillary discharge x-ray lasers and calculated spectrum of Xe capillary EUV source are presented.

Relativistic Electron Transport in Ultra-Short Pulse Laser Cone-Fiber Target Interactions

We report the first experiments on cone-fiber targets from 100 TW to 1 PW class lasers. This is o... more We report the first experiments on cone-fiber targets from 100 TW to 1 PW class lasers. This is one method to confine or guide electron energy to small volumes. Targets consist of thin Gold cones with 10 mm wall thickness with 10 mm diameter Copper fibers from 100 to 200 mm long attached at the cone tip. We illuminated these

Lasers X à implusions brèves : la voie du pompage transitoire

Survey of nuclei for low-energy nuclear excitation in laser-produced plasma

Nuclear Physics A, 2007

We present a survey of stable and long-lived nuclei as well as nuclear isomers looking for candid... more We present a survey of stable and long-lived nuclei as well as nuclear isomers looking for candidates of studies of low-energy (1-30 keV) nuclear excitation by laser-produced plasma radiation. We concentrate on medium-size high-power lasers with pulse duration of hundreds of ps providing energy up to 1000 J and subrelativistic intensity of 10 16-10 17 W cm −2. Screening criteria are primarily the transition energy and the half-life, spin and parity of nuclear levels. 181 Ta is suggested as first candidate for which an estimation of reaction efficiency is included.

Research and development for X-ray optics and diagnostics on the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)

Free Electron Lasers 2002, 2003

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a 1.5 to 15~-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL), curr... more The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a 1.5 to 15~-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL), currently proposed for the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The photon output consists of high brightness, transversely coherent pulses with duration <300 fs, together with a broad spontaneous spectrum with total power comparable to the coherent output. The output fluence, and pulse duration, pose special challenges for optical component and diagnostic designs. We first discuss the specific requirements for the initial scientific experiments, and our proposed solutions. We then describe the supporting research and development program that includes: experimental and theoretical material damage studies; high resolution multilayer design, fabrication, and testing; replicated closed-form optics design and manufacturing; BeB manufacturing; and low-z Fresnel lens design, fabrication and testing. Finally some novel concepts for optical components are presented.

$Figure 2. Processes involved in x-ray absorption. Energy flow for x-ray interaction with low Z solids Figure 2 illustrates the expected energy deposition processes for x-rays interacting with a low-Z solid. Processes, typical ime scales and typical energies (first x-ray, then electron, finally electron and ion), are shown for an 8 keV photon interacting with Si, one of the primary materials being considered for mirrors and diffraction crystals. The absorption of x-rays proceeds primarily by inner-shell photo-ionization events, which occur essentially instantaneously. This is followed by the emission of a primary photoelectron of energy about 6 keV and the creation of a core-excited atom. The atom relaxe mainly by the auger process in about 10 fs emitting an auger electron of energy 1.7 keV. Another auger process will lead te ower energy electron and the creation of an atom with a valence-shell hole. The photo-and auger electrons then slow dow! by secondary ionization processes and by electron-electron (elastic) collisions. The slowing down is estimated to occur in about 20 fs, dominated by the highest energy electrons. This leads to an intermediate state of the matter with warm electrot (0.5 to 2 eV, at doses near the damage threshold). The actual temperature depends on the type of material; in metals, the energetic electrons will likely thermalize with the existing conduction band electrons, leading to a relatively low electron temperature, while in semi-conductors and insulators, the electrons will slow until they drop to the band-gap energy, at whi they can no longer create new electrons. This energy is 2 eV in silicon. The thermalized electrons will then interact with tt atoms and ions in the lattice on a much longer timescale. Recombination and electron-lattice coupling take place in 1-10 ps Once the electrons and ions have equilibrated, bulk effects commence. The chief effects of interest are melting (timescale$

Ultrafast Materials Probing with the LLNL Thomson X-Ray Source

The Physics and Applications of High Brightness Electron Beams - Proceedings of the ICFA Workshop, 2003

The use of short laser pulses to generate very high brightness, ultra short (fs to ps) x-ray puls... more The use of short laser pulses to generate very high brightness, ultra short (fs to ps) x-ray pulses is a topic of great interest. In principle, femtosecond-scale pump-probe experiments can be used to temporally resolve structural dynamics of materials on the time scale of atomic motion. The development of sub-ps x-ray pulses will make possible a wide range of materials and plasma physics studies with unprecedented time resolution. PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser Electron Interaction for Dynamic Evaluation of Structures), the Thomson scattering project at LLNL, will provide such a novel x-ray source of high power using short laser pulses and a high brightness, relativistic electron bunch. The system is based on a 5 mm-mrad normalized emittance photoinjector, 100 MeV electron RF linac, and a 300 mJ, 35 fs solid-state laser system. PLEIADES will produce ultra fast pulses with x-ray energies (60 keV) capable of probing into high-Z metals.

Applications of intense ultra-short XUV pulses to solid state physics: time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy and radiation damage studies

SPIE Proceedings, 2007

The new XUV sources, which deliver spatially coherent pulses of high peak power, allow to study e... more The new XUV sources, which deliver spatially coherent pulses of high peak power, allow to study elementary processes in the light/solid interaction in the high intensity regime (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;=1011W/cm2). Here, we report two studies which have used high-order laser harmonics (HH) generated in gas as the excitation source. Firstly, we have investigated the dynamics of electron relaxation in the wide gap

PLEIADES, a Subpicosecond X-ray Source for Ultrafast Materials Probing

We report on PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser Electron Interaction for Dynamic Evaluation of Structures... more We report on PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser Electron Interaction for Dynamic Evaluation of Structures), a project to produce a novel x-ray source that will enable unprecedented dynamic measurements in matter. This inverse Compton scattering source will produce tunable, ultrafast, hard x-ray (10- 200 keV) probes that greatly exceed existing 3rd generation synchrotron sources in speed, peak brightness and simplicity. Such an

Optical emission spectroscopy of various materials irradiated by soft x-ray free-electron laser

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2009

The beam of the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) was focused by a grazing incidence ellipti... more The beam of the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) was focused by a grazing incidence elliptical mirror (32.5 nm and 13.5 nm) and an off-axis parabolic mirror coated with a Si/Mo multilayer (13.5 nm) to 20-micron and 1-micron spot, respectively. The grazing incidence and normal incidence focusing of ~25-fs pulses with an energy of 10 PJ resulted in an irradiance of 10 13 W/cm 2 and 10 16 W/cm 2 , respectively, at the surface of various solids (

Experimental characterization of an ultrafast Thomson scattering x-ray source with three-dimensional time and frequency-domain analysis

Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, 2004

We present a detailed comparison of the measured characteristics of Thomson backscattered x rays ... more We present a detailed comparison of the measured characteristics of Thomson backscattered x rays produced at the Picosecond Laser-Electron Interaction for the Dynamic Evaluation of Structures facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to predicted results from a newly developed, fully three-dimensional time and frequency-domain code. Based on the relativistic differential cross section, this code has the capability to calculate time and space dependent spectra of the x-ray photons produced from linear Thomson scattering for both bandwidth-limited and chirped incident laser pulses. Spectral broadening of the scattered x-ray pulse resulting from the incident laser bandwidth, perpendicular wave vector components in the laser focus, and the transverse and longitudinal phase spaces of the electron beam are included. Electron beam energy, energy spread, and transverse phase space measurements of the electron beam at the interaction point are presented, and the corresponding predicted x-ray characteristics are determined. In addition, time-integrated measurements of the x rays produced from the interaction are presented and shown to agree well with the simulations.

Characteristics of focused soft X-ray free-electron laser beam determined by ablation of organic molecular solids

Optics Express, 2007

A linear accelerator based source of coherent radiation, FLASH (Free-electron LASer in Hamburg) p... more A linear accelerator based source of coherent radiation, FLASH (Free-electron LASer in Hamburg) provides ultra-intense femtosecond radiation pulses at wavelengths from the extreme ultraviolet (XUV; λ<100nm) to the soft X-ray (SXR; λ<30nm) spectral regions. 25-fs pulses of 32-nm FLASH radiation were used to determine the ablation parameters of PMMA-poly (methyl methacrylate). Under these irradiation conditions the attenuation length and ablation threshold were found to be (56.9±7.5) nm and ~2 mJ•cm-2 , respectively. For a second wavelength of 21.7 nm, the PMMA ablation was utilized to image the transverse intensity distribution within the focused beam at µm resolution by a method developed here.

Collimated-X-ray propagation in Ne-like and Ni-like media

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2003

We present results on the propagation of X-ray lasers where ampliÿcation occurs in a laser-produc... more We present results on the propagation of X-ray lasers where ampliÿcation occurs in a laser-produced plasma having a large proportion of either Ni-like silver or Ne-like iron ions. A ray-trace algorithm is used to model the refraction of the X-ray beam due to electron density gradients. The electron density proÿle used in the ray-trace calculations is provided by the hydro-code EHYBRID. Knowing the beam paths for various initial conditions the intensity and population densities are calculated in the saturation regime by using a Maxwell-Bloch approach. In the saturation regime, interaction between the pencil-shaped X-ray beam and the medium must be taken into account. In our modeling, the radiative transfer equation and the population rate equations are handled in a single calculation as the X-ray electric ÿeld a ects the level populations and vice versa.

Development and applications of multimillijoule softX-ray lasers

Journal of Modern Optics, 2007

We review development of multimillijoule X-ray lasers and of applications of these new laboratory... more

Generation of high brightness x-rays with the PLEIADES Thomson x-ray source

Proceedings of the 2003 Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37440), 2003

The use of short laser pulses to generate high peak intensity, ultra-short x-ray pulses enables e... more The use of short laser pulses to generate high peak intensity, ultra-short x-ray pulses enables exciting new experimental capabilities, such as femtosecond pumpprobe experiments used to temporally resolve material structural dynamics on atomic time scales. PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser Electron InterAction for Dynamic Evaluation of Structures) is a next generation Thomson scattering x-ray source being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Ultra-fast picosecond x-rays (10-200 keV) are generated by colliding an energetic electron beam (20-100 MeV) with a high intensity, sub-ps, 800 nm laser pulse. The peak brightness of the source is expected to exceed 10 20 photons/s/0.1% bandwidth/mm 2 /mrad 2. Simulations of the electron beam production, transport, and final focus are presented. Electron beam measurements, including emittance and final focus spot size are also presented and compared to simulation results. Measurements of x-ray production are also reported and compared to theoretical calculations.

X-ray Polarization Measurements at Relativistic Laser Intensities

An effort has been started to measure the short pulse laser absorption and energy partition at re... more An effort has been started to measure the short pulse laser absorption and energy partition at relativistic laser intensities up to 10{sup 21} W/cm{sup 2}. Plasma polarization spectroscopy is expected to play an important role in determining fast electron generation and measuring the electron distribution function.

Laser Interactions with Foam-Foil Layered Targets

1 Czech Technical University, FNSPE, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic 2 P.N. Lebedev Ph... more 1 Czech Technical University, FNSPE, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic 2 P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Leninskyi Ave. 53, 119 991 Moscow, Russia 3 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 23 Hery St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland 4 Troitsk Institute of Innovation and Thermonuclear Research, 142 190 Troitsk, Russia 5 Institute of Physics, AS CR, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic 6 University of St. Andrews, School of Chemistry, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK 7 Warsaw University of Technology, ICS, 15 Nowowiejska St., Warsaw, Poland 8 Institute of Plasma Physics, AS CR, Za Slovankou 3, 182 21Prague 8, Czech Republic

Electron Temperature Measurements of Model Ne-Like X-Ray Laser Plasmas From Resonance keV Spectra

Springer Proceedings in Physics

We present results of temperature measurements of Ne-like Zn plasmas created by an intense laser ... more We present results of temperature measurements of Ne-like Zn plasmas created by an intense laser pulse, using slab targets. Pulses with typical energy of 50 J in 300 ps were focused to a line or point foci, in which the pumping pulse energy was varied from shot to shot. The electron temperature in dependence on the pulse energy and irradiation

Generation of a transient short pulse X-ray laser using a traveling-wave sub-ps pump pulse

Le Journal de Physique IV, 2001

... Ros D., Jamelot G., Smith R., Chenais-Popovics C., Keenan R., Topping S., Lewis CLS, Strati F... more

Damage threshold of inorganic solids under free-electron-laser irradiation at 32.5nm wavelength

Applied Physics Letters, 2007

X-ray lasers progress for applications

Exploring the Potential of Table - top X-ray Lasers and Capillary Discharges for Applications

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2002

The advantages of using of table top x-ray lasers (XRLs) for different applications have been des... more The advantages of using of table top x-ray lasers (XRLs) for different applications have been described. Examples of the first successful use of XRLs, the current efforts in applying them and the potential applications where an XRL can be used in future have been discussed. Modeling results showing the possibility of 3-4 times shorter wavelength capillary discharge x-ray lasers and calculated spectrum of Xe capillary EUV source are presented.

Relativistic Electron Transport in Ultra-Short Pulse Laser Cone-Fiber Target Interactions

We report the first experiments on cone-fiber targets from 100 TW to 1 PW class lasers. This is o... more We report the first experiments on cone-fiber targets from 100 TW to 1 PW class lasers. This is one method to confine or guide electron energy to small volumes. Targets consist of thin Gold cones with 10 mm wall thickness with 10 mm diameter Copper fibers from 100 to 200 mm long attached at the cone tip. We illuminated these

Lasers X à implusions brèves : la voie du pompage transitoire

Survey of nuclei for low-energy nuclear excitation in laser-produced plasma

Nuclear Physics A, 2007

We present a survey of stable and long-lived nuclei as well as nuclear isomers looking for candid... more We present a survey of stable and long-lived nuclei as well as nuclear isomers looking for candidates of studies of low-energy (1-30 keV) nuclear excitation by laser-produced plasma radiation. We concentrate on medium-size high-power lasers with pulse duration of hundreds of ps providing energy up to 1000 J and subrelativistic intensity of 10 16-10 17 W cm −2. Screening criteria are primarily the transition energy and the half-life, spin and parity of nuclear levels. 181 Ta is suggested as first candidate for which an estimation of reaction efficiency is included.

Research and development for X-ray optics and diagnostics on the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)

Free Electron Lasers 2002, 2003

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a 1.5 to 15~-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL), curr... more The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a 1.5 to 15~-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL), currently proposed for the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The photon output consists of high brightness, transversely coherent pulses with duration <300 fs, together with a broad spontaneous spectrum with total power comparable to the coherent output. The output fluence, and pulse duration, pose special challenges for optical component and diagnostic designs. We first discuss the specific requirements for the initial scientific experiments, and our proposed solutions. We then describe the supporting research and development program that includes: experimental and theoretical material damage studies; high resolution multilayer design, fabrication, and testing; replicated closed-form optics design and manufacturing; BeB manufacturing; and low-z Fresnel lens design, fabrication and testing. Finally some novel concepts for optical components are presented.

$Figure 2. Processes involved in x-ray absorption. Energy flow for x-ray interaction with low Z solids Figure 2 illustrates the expected energy deposition processes for x-rays interacting with a low-Z solid. Processes, typical ime scales and typical energies (first x-ray, then electron, finally electron and ion), are shown for an 8 keV photon interacting with Si, one of the primary materials being considered for mirrors and diffraction crystals. The absorption of x-rays proceeds primarily by inner-shell photo-ionization events, which occur essentially instantaneously. This is followed by the emission of a primary photoelectron of energy about 6 keV and the creation of a core-excited atom. The atom relaxe mainly by the auger process in about 10 fs emitting an auger electron of energy 1.7 keV. Another auger process will lead te ower energy electron and the creation of an atom with a valence-shell hole. The photo-and auger electrons then slow dow! by secondary ionization processes and by electron-electron (elastic) collisions. The slowing down is estimated to occur in about 20 fs, dominated by the highest energy electrons. This leads to an intermediate state of the matter with warm electrot (0.5 to 2 eV, at doses near the damage threshold). The actual temperature depends on the type of material; in metals, the energetic electrons will likely thermalize with the existing conduction band electrons, leading to a relatively low electron temperature, while in semi-conductors and insulators, the electrons will slow until they drop to the band-gap energy, at whi they can no longer create new electrons. This energy is 2 eV in silicon. The thermalized electrons will then interact with tt atoms and ions in the lattice on a much longer timescale. Recombination and electron-lattice coupling take place in 1-10 ps Once the electrons and ions have equilibrated, bulk effects commence. The chief effects of interest are melting (timescale$

Ultrafast Materials Probing with the LLNL Thomson X-Ray Source

The Physics and Applications of High Brightness Electron Beams - Proceedings of the ICFA Workshop, 2003

The use of short laser pulses to generate very high brightness, ultra short (fs to ps) x-ray puls... more The use of short laser pulses to generate very high brightness, ultra short (fs to ps) x-ray pulses is a topic of great interest. In principle, femtosecond-scale pump-probe experiments can be used to temporally resolve structural dynamics of materials on the time scale of atomic motion. The development of sub-ps x-ray pulses will make possible a wide range of materials and plasma physics studies with unprecedented time resolution. PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser Electron Interaction for Dynamic Evaluation of Structures), the Thomson scattering project at LLNL, will provide such a novel x-ray source of high power using short laser pulses and a high brightness, relativistic electron bunch. The system is based on a 5 mm-mrad normalized emittance photoinjector, 100 MeV electron RF linac, and a 300 mJ, 35 fs solid-state laser system. PLEIADES will produce ultra fast pulses with x-ray energies (60 keV) capable of probing into high-Z metals.

Applications of intense ultra-short XUV pulses to solid state physics: time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy and radiation damage studies

SPIE Proceedings, 2007

The new XUV sources, which deliver spatially coherent pulses of high peak power, allow to study e... more The new XUV sources, which deliver spatially coherent pulses of high peak power, allow to study elementary processes in the light/solid interaction in the high intensity regime (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;=1011W/cm2). Here, we report two studies which have used high-order laser harmonics (HH) generated in gas as the excitation source. Firstly, we have investigated the dynamics of electron relaxation in the wide gap

PLEIADES, a Subpicosecond X-ray Source for Ultrafast Materials Probing

We report on PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser Electron Interaction for Dynamic Evaluation of Structures... more We report on PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser Electron Interaction for Dynamic Evaluation of Structures), a project to produce a novel x-ray source that will enable unprecedented dynamic measurements in matter. This inverse Compton scattering source will produce tunable, ultrafast, hard x-ray (10- 200 keV) probes that greatly exceed existing 3rd generation synchrotron sources in speed, peak brightness and simplicity. Such an

Optical emission spectroscopy of various materials irradiated by soft x-ray free-electron laser

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2009

The beam of the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) was focused by a grazing incidence ellipti... more The beam of the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) was focused by a grazing incidence elliptical mirror (32.5 nm and 13.5 nm) and an off-axis parabolic mirror coated with a Si/Mo multilayer (13.5 nm) to 20-micron and 1-micron spot, respectively. The grazing incidence and normal incidence focusing of ~25-fs pulses with an energy of 10 PJ resulted in an irradiance of 10 13 W/cm 2 and 10 16 W/cm 2 , respectively, at the surface of various solids (

Experimental characterization of an ultrafast Thomson scattering x-ray source with three-dimensional time and frequency-domain analysis

Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, 2004

We present a detailed comparison of the measured characteristics of Thomson backscattered x rays ... more We present a detailed comparison of the measured characteristics of Thomson backscattered x rays produced at the Picosecond Laser-Electron Interaction for the Dynamic Evaluation of Structures facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to predicted results from a newly developed, fully three-dimensional time and frequency-domain code. Based on the relativistic differential cross section, this code has the capability to calculate time and space dependent spectra of the x-ray photons produced from linear Thomson scattering for both bandwidth-limited and chirped incident laser pulses. Spectral broadening of the scattered x-ray pulse resulting from the incident laser bandwidth, perpendicular wave vector components in the laser focus, and the transverse and longitudinal phase spaces of the electron beam are included. Electron beam energy, energy spread, and transverse phase space measurements of the electron beam at the interaction point are presented, and the corresponding predicted x-ray characteristics are determined. In addition, time-integrated measurements of the x rays produced from the interaction are presented and shown to agree well with the simulations.

Characteristics of focused soft X-ray free-electron laser beam determined by ablation of organic molecular solids

Optics Express, 2007

A linear accelerator based source of coherent radiation, FLASH (Free-electron LASer in Hamburg) p... more A linear accelerator based source of coherent radiation, FLASH (Free-electron LASer in Hamburg) provides ultra-intense femtosecond radiation pulses at wavelengths from the extreme ultraviolet (XUV; λ<100nm) to the soft X-ray (SXR; λ<30nm) spectral regions. 25-fs pulses of 32-nm FLASH radiation were used to determine the ablation parameters of PMMA-poly (methyl methacrylate). Under these irradiation conditions the attenuation length and ablation threshold were found to be (56.9±7.5) nm and ~2 mJ•cm-2 , respectively. For a second wavelength of 21.7 nm, the PMMA ablation was utilized to image the transverse intensity distribution within the focused beam at µm resolution by a method developed here.

Collimated-X-ray propagation in Ne-like and Ni-like media

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2003

We present results on the propagation of X-ray lasers where ampliÿcation occurs in a laser-produc... more We present results on the propagation of X-ray lasers where ampliÿcation occurs in a laser-produced plasma having a large proportion of either Ni-like silver or Ne-like iron ions. A ray-trace algorithm is used to model the refraction of the X-ray beam due to electron density gradients. The electron density proÿle used in the ray-trace calculations is provided by the hydro-code EHYBRID. Knowing the beam paths for various initial conditions the intensity and population densities are calculated in the saturation regime by using a Maxwell-Bloch approach. In the saturation regime, interaction between the pencil-shaped X-ray beam and the medium must be taken into account. In our modeling, the radiative transfer equation and the population rate equations are handled in a single calculation as the X-ray electric ÿeld a ects the level populations and vice versa.

Development and applications of multimillijoule softX-ray lasers

Journal of Modern Optics, 2007

We review development of multimillijoule X-ray lasers and of applications of these new laboratory... more

Generation of high brightness x-rays with the PLEIADES Thomson x-ray source

Proceedings of the 2003 Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37440), 2003

The use of short laser pulses to generate high peak intensity, ultra-short x-ray pulses enables e... more The use of short laser pulses to generate high peak intensity, ultra-short x-ray pulses enables exciting new experimental capabilities, such as femtosecond pumpprobe experiments used to temporally resolve material structural dynamics on atomic time scales. PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser Electron InterAction for Dynamic Evaluation of Structures) is a next generation Thomson scattering x-ray source being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Ultra-fast picosecond x-rays (10-200 keV) are generated by colliding an energetic electron beam (20-100 MeV) with a high intensity, sub-ps, 800 nm laser pulse. The peak brightness of the source is expected to exceed 10 20 photons/s/0.1% bandwidth/mm 2 /mrad 2. Simulations of the electron beam production, transport, and final focus are presented. Electron beam measurements, including emittance and final focus spot size are also presented and compared to simulation results. Measurements of x-ray production are also reported and compared to theoretical calculations.

X-ray Polarization Measurements at Relativistic Laser Intensities

An effort has been started to measure the short pulse laser absorption and energy partition at re... more An effort has been started to measure the short pulse laser absorption and energy partition at relativistic laser intensities up to 10{sup 21} W/cm{sup 2}. Plasma polarization spectroscopy is expected to play an important role in determining fast electron generation and measuring the electron distribution function.

Laser Interactions with Foam-Foil Layered Targets

1 Czech Technical University, FNSPE, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic 2 P.N. Lebedev Ph... more 1 Czech Technical University, FNSPE, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic 2 P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Leninskyi Ave. 53, 119 991 Moscow, Russia 3 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 23 Hery St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland 4 Troitsk Institute of Innovation and Thermonuclear Research, 142 190 Troitsk, Russia 5 Institute of Physics, AS CR, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic 6 University of St. Andrews, School of Chemistry, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK 7 Warsaw University of Technology, ICS, 15 Nowowiejska St., Warsaw, Poland 8 Institute of Plasma Physics, AS CR, Za Slovankou 3, 182 21Prague 8, Czech Republic

Electron Temperature Measurements of Model Ne-Like X-Ray Laser Plasmas From Resonance keV Spectra

Springer Proceedings in Physics

We present results of temperature measurements of Ne-like Zn plasmas created by an intense laser ... more We present results of temperature measurements of Ne-like Zn plasmas created by an intense laser pulse, using slab targets. Pulses with typical energy of 50 J in 300 ps were focused to a line or point foci, in which the pumping pulse energy was varied from shot to shot. The electron temperature in dependence on the pulse energy and irradiation

Generation of a transient short pulse X-ray laser using a traveling-wave sub-ps pump pulse

Le Journal de Physique IV, 2001

... Ros D., Jamelot G., Smith R., Chenais-Popovics C., Keenan R., Topping S., Lewis CLS, Strati F... more

Damage threshold of inorganic solids under free-electron-laser irradiation at 32.5nm wavelength

Applied Physics Letters, 2007

X-ray lasers progress for applications