Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee. VLIZ. Informatie over marien en kustgebonden onderzoek & beleid... more Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee. VLIZ. Informatie over marien en kustgebonden onderzoek & beleid in Vlaanderen.
Closely spaced serial sections of the offsets in Paleofavosites asper (d'Orbigny) and other t... more Closely spaced serial sections of the offsets in Paleofavosites asper (d'Orbigny) and other tabulates indicate that intermural increase, presumably a characteristic of massive tabulates, actually is lateral increase. Intermural increase is suggested when studying serial sections ...
Blauw, T., Dekker, P., Klomp, R., & Kortsmit, B. (2009). Skills Labs - Deliverable 2.4.b: Casusfr... more Blauw, T., Dekker, P., Klomp, R., & Kortsmit, B. (2009). Skills Labs - Deliverable 2.4.b: Casusframework Building with Nature: Blue Greens in Volkerak-Zoommeer. SURFFoundation.
The EU Marine Strategy Directive has a regional focus in its implementation. The Directive oblige... more The EU Marine Strategy Directive has a regional focus in its implementation. The Directive obliges countries to take multiple uses and the marine strategies of neighboring countries into account when formulating marine strategies and when designating marine protected area (MPA's). We use game theoretical analysis both to find the optimal size of marine protected areas with multiple uses by multiple countries, and to investigate the influences of multiple use on cooperation. To this end we develop a model in which two specific uses, fisheries and nature conservation, by multiple countries are considered in a strategic framework. The results of the paper suggest that EU marine policy such as the Marine Strategy Directive and the coming Maritime Policy may help to secure the highest possible benefits from these MPAs if these policies induce cooperation among countries, but only if the policies force the countries to consider all possible uses of marine protected areas. In fact cooperation on a single issue may give a worse outcome than the non-cooperative equilibrium. The results also indicates that cooperation may be hard to achieve because of defector incentives, and therefore if the current policy measures should be strict in enforcing cooperation on all possible uses of MPAs.
In this paper we investigate effects of overlap in species between ecosystems along a linear grad... more In this paper we investigate effects of overlap in species between ecosystems along a linear gradient on the location of marine protected areas (MPAs) under full cooperation, strategic behavior and conservation autarky. Compared to the full cooperation outcome, both strategic behavior and conservation autarky lead to under-investment in biodiversity protection. Under strategic behavior, however, we observe the additional problem of "location leakage" i.e. countries invest less in species protected by others. Conservation autarky eliminates location leakage; in ecosystems with partly overlapping species compositions at country borders it even induces MPAs that are too large from a global perspective. We also find that, in our setting of a linear gradient without migrating species, countries focus their conservation efforts on species unique to their own country and that these species are relatively well protected compared to common species.
Skeletal morphology and its variation are described in Desmidopora alveolaris and in Nodulipora a... more Skeletal morphology and its variation are described in Desmidopora alveolaris and in Nodulipora acuminata. The features of these Sllurian fossils suggest sclerosponge affinities. Pores are present in both species and the surface of Nodulipora carries astrorhizae. A comparison is made between skeletons of sclero, sponges and tabulates: favositids are interpreted as the skeletons of sponges.
Sweden, during the time when the Visby (Llandovery) and Högklint (Wenlock) Beds were deposited to... more Sweden, during the time when the Visby (Llandovery) and Högklint (Wenlock) Beds were deposited together with a sketch of the palaeoecology in the time during which the Hemse and Hamra-Sundre (Ludlow) Beds were formed. Variation is described in the tabulates Favosites hisingeri Edwards & Haime, F. obliquus (Sokolov), F. gothlandicus Lamarck, F. forbesi Edwards & Haime, Syringolites kunthianus (Lindström), and Alveolites suborbicularis Lamarck. In order to clarify ecophenotypic variation of corallite size in tabulates, the corallite area and three different corallite diameters were measured. Although the corallite area is more related to the shape of the organism that lived in a corallite, comparison of the several parameters revealed that measuring of a corallite diameter can be applied in such species from which ecophenotypic varia-tion is known. However, the current limitation of variability in corallite dia-meters within defined morphospecies often is far too narrow, and does not ...
Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee. VLIZ. Informatie over marien en kustgebonden onderzoek & beleid in ... more Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee. VLIZ. Informatie over marien en kustgebonden onderzoek & beleid in Vlaanderen.
This report aims to synthesise and evaluate the nine national reports. Drawing together the exper... more This report aims to synthesise and evaluate the nine national reports. Drawing together the experiences from each participating region, the report will serve as an overview of the use of participatory processes in RBM and also a useful source of knowledge for other work packages, especially work packages 5 and 7. vi vii List of Acronyms-(and associated countries where relevant)
In this introductory chapter a brief overall introduction is given in which current trends in oce... more In this introductory chapter a brief overall introduction is given in which current trends in ocean sciences, relevant for the development of ocean literacy, are sketched. In The ocean as the planet’s life support system, the history of oceanography is briefly discussed, and a number of characteristics of the ocean are mentioned. In four The need to… sections trends in ocean sciences understanding, observing, protecting, and involving citizens and pupils from primary and secondary schools, are discussed.
Gemiddeld om de 3-4 jaar horen we erover. Dan berichten de media over het weerfenomeen ‘El Niño’ ... more Gemiddeld om de 3-4 jaar horen we erover. Dan berichten de media over het weerfenomeen ‘El Niño’ dat ontstaat in de Stille Oceaan tussen Zuid-Amerika en Australië en wereldwijd zijn invloed laat gelden. Eind 2015 was het weer zover. Of met de woorden van Kevin Trenberth van het Interdisciplinaire Amerikaanse Nationale Centrum voor Atmosferisch Onderzoek (NCAR): “De planeet heeft koorts en de vooruitzichten zijn niet goed, een super El Niño is in de maak. Reden voor de bezorgdheid was de alsmaar stijgende temperatuur van het oostelijke Stille Oceaanoppervlak. In de herfst 2015 was het water al warmer dan tijdens de beruchte El Niño van 1997-1998, die de zwaarste van de vorige eeuw was. Zo’n El Niño zou niet alleen het winteren 2016 voorjaarweer in de VS inkleuren, maar zich zelfs tot in Europa laten gelden. Uiteindelijk bleek het allemaal wel mee te vallen. De gevolgen bleven eerder beperkt en er kan al vooruitgekeken worden naar wat een volgende El Niño zal brengen. Je kunt immers m...
The author supposes that the fossil content of thin carbonate units in the Upper La Vid shales (L... more The author supposes that the fossil content of thin carbonate units in the Upper La Vid shales (Lower Devonian) of Colle was influenced by heavy storms like hurricanes. Apart from microplankton (Cramer, 1964) no fossils are found in the shales. Together with the very well developed fissility of the shales this points to abiotic conditions, probably caused by the lack of oxygen in the deposition area. Alterations, e.g. by storms, of the water circulation pattern in the basin destroyed this situation, and a pioneer fauna was able to develop. Sometimes storm debris, probably deposited by hurricanes, served as a substrate for larvae which settled in the area. Little by little the former situation of lack of oxygen returned and the communities died.
Jules Verne’s life was framed by the second phase of the British Industrial Revolution. In his ni... more Jules Verne’s life was framed by the second phase of the British Industrial Revolution. In his nineteenth-century world, a transition to steam occurred. It was a time of rapid technological developments and explorations of every corner of the Earth’s surface. Then the world population clock ticked slowly and was well below 1.3 billion. Today, more than 7.8 billion people live in the fourth phase of that revolution, and the world population clock is ticking faster and faster. To solve our urgent demand for resources, we will shortly exploit the unknown treasure troves of deep ocean space. However, only some 15% of the ocean floor is mapped in detail, and less than 0.0001% of the deep-sea is explored. Since the 1990s a transition to global operational oceanography is occurring, with advanced monitoring systems, new technology like Argo floats, gliders and state-of-the-art ocean modelling. A new wave of ocean exploration is urgently needed, as is an adaptation of the prevailing interna...
Page 1. ECOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF AN UNCINULID BRACHIOPOD FROM THE DEVONIAN OF SPAIN b... more Page 1. ECOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF AN UNCINULID BRACHIOPOD FROM THE DEVONIAN OF SPAIN by PETER WESTBROEK, FERRY NEUNDORFF and JAN H. STEL Absthaít. The oriefìtations, with ...
Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee. VLIZ. Informatie over marien en kustgebonden onderzoek & beleid... more Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee. VLIZ. Informatie over marien en kustgebonden onderzoek & beleid in Vlaanderen.
Closely spaced serial sections of the offsets in Paleofavosites asper (d'Orbigny) and other t... more Closely spaced serial sections of the offsets in Paleofavosites asper (d'Orbigny) and other tabulates indicate that intermural increase, presumably a characteristic of massive tabulates, actually is lateral increase. Intermural increase is suggested when studying serial sections ...
Blauw, T., Dekker, P., Klomp, R., & Kortsmit, B. (2009). Skills Labs - Deliverable 2.4.b: Casusfr... more Blauw, T., Dekker, P., Klomp, R., & Kortsmit, B. (2009). Skills Labs - Deliverable 2.4.b: Casusframework Building with Nature: Blue Greens in Volkerak-Zoommeer. SURFFoundation.
The EU Marine Strategy Directive has a regional focus in its implementation. The Directive oblige... more The EU Marine Strategy Directive has a regional focus in its implementation. The Directive obliges countries to take multiple uses and the marine strategies of neighboring countries into account when formulating marine strategies and when designating marine protected area (MPA's). We use game theoretical analysis both to find the optimal size of marine protected areas with multiple uses by multiple countries, and to investigate the influences of multiple use on cooperation. To this end we develop a model in which two specific uses, fisheries and nature conservation, by multiple countries are considered in a strategic framework. The results of the paper suggest that EU marine policy such as the Marine Strategy Directive and the coming Maritime Policy may help to secure the highest possible benefits from these MPAs if these policies induce cooperation among countries, but only if the policies force the countries to consider all possible uses of marine protected areas. In fact cooperation on a single issue may give a worse outcome than the non-cooperative equilibrium. The results also indicates that cooperation may be hard to achieve because of defector incentives, and therefore if the current policy measures should be strict in enforcing cooperation on all possible uses of MPAs.
In this paper we investigate effects of overlap in species between ecosystems along a linear grad... more In this paper we investigate effects of overlap in species between ecosystems along a linear gradient on the location of marine protected areas (MPAs) under full cooperation, strategic behavior and conservation autarky. Compared to the full cooperation outcome, both strategic behavior and conservation autarky lead to under-investment in biodiversity protection. Under strategic behavior, however, we observe the additional problem of "location leakage" i.e. countries invest less in species protected by others. Conservation autarky eliminates location leakage; in ecosystems with partly overlapping species compositions at country borders it even induces MPAs that are too large from a global perspective. We also find that, in our setting of a linear gradient without migrating species, countries focus their conservation efforts on species unique to their own country and that these species are relatively well protected compared to common species.
Skeletal morphology and its variation are described in Desmidopora alveolaris and in Nodulipora a... more Skeletal morphology and its variation are described in Desmidopora alveolaris and in Nodulipora acuminata. The features of these Sllurian fossils suggest sclerosponge affinities. Pores are present in both species and the surface of Nodulipora carries astrorhizae. A comparison is made between skeletons of sclero, sponges and tabulates: favositids are interpreted as the skeletons of sponges.
Sweden, during the time when the Visby (Llandovery) and Högklint (Wenlock) Beds were deposited to... more Sweden, during the time when the Visby (Llandovery) and Högklint (Wenlock) Beds were deposited together with a sketch of the palaeoecology in the time during which the Hemse and Hamra-Sundre (Ludlow) Beds were formed. Variation is described in the tabulates Favosites hisingeri Edwards & Haime, F. obliquus (Sokolov), F. gothlandicus Lamarck, F. forbesi Edwards & Haime, Syringolites kunthianus (Lindström), and Alveolites suborbicularis Lamarck. In order to clarify ecophenotypic variation of corallite size in tabulates, the corallite area and three different corallite diameters were measured. Although the corallite area is more related to the shape of the organism that lived in a corallite, comparison of the several parameters revealed that measuring of a corallite diameter can be applied in such species from which ecophenotypic varia-tion is known. However, the current limitation of variability in corallite dia-meters within defined morphospecies often is far too narrow, and does not ...
Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee. VLIZ. Informatie over marien en kustgebonden onderzoek & beleid in ... more Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee. VLIZ. Informatie over marien en kustgebonden onderzoek & beleid in Vlaanderen.
This report aims to synthesise and evaluate the nine national reports. Drawing together the exper... more This report aims to synthesise and evaluate the nine national reports. Drawing together the experiences from each participating region, the report will serve as an overview of the use of participatory processes in RBM and also a useful source of knowledge for other work packages, especially work packages 5 and 7. vi vii List of Acronyms-(and associated countries where relevant)
In this introductory chapter a brief overall introduction is given in which current trends in oce... more In this introductory chapter a brief overall introduction is given in which current trends in ocean sciences, relevant for the development of ocean literacy, are sketched. In The ocean as the planet’s life support system, the history of oceanography is briefly discussed, and a number of characteristics of the ocean are mentioned. In four The need to… sections trends in ocean sciences understanding, observing, protecting, and involving citizens and pupils from primary and secondary schools, are discussed.
Gemiddeld om de 3-4 jaar horen we erover. Dan berichten de media over het weerfenomeen ‘El Niño’ ... more Gemiddeld om de 3-4 jaar horen we erover. Dan berichten de media over het weerfenomeen ‘El Niño’ dat ontstaat in de Stille Oceaan tussen Zuid-Amerika en Australië en wereldwijd zijn invloed laat gelden. Eind 2015 was het weer zover. Of met de woorden van Kevin Trenberth van het Interdisciplinaire Amerikaanse Nationale Centrum voor Atmosferisch Onderzoek (NCAR): “De planeet heeft koorts en de vooruitzichten zijn niet goed, een super El Niño is in de maak. Reden voor de bezorgdheid was de alsmaar stijgende temperatuur van het oostelijke Stille Oceaanoppervlak. In de herfst 2015 was het water al warmer dan tijdens de beruchte El Niño van 1997-1998, die de zwaarste van de vorige eeuw was. Zo’n El Niño zou niet alleen het winteren 2016 voorjaarweer in de VS inkleuren, maar zich zelfs tot in Europa laten gelden. Uiteindelijk bleek het allemaal wel mee te vallen. De gevolgen bleven eerder beperkt en er kan al vooruitgekeken worden naar wat een volgende El Niño zal brengen. Je kunt immers m...
The author supposes that the fossil content of thin carbonate units in the Upper La Vid shales (L... more The author supposes that the fossil content of thin carbonate units in the Upper La Vid shales (Lower Devonian) of Colle was influenced by heavy storms like hurricanes. Apart from microplankton (Cramer, 1964) no fossils are found in the shales. Together with the very well developed fissility of the shales this points to abiotic conditions, probably caused by the lack of oxygen in the deposition area. Alterations, e.g. by storms, of the water circulation pattern in the basin destroyed this situation, and a pioneer fauna was able to develop. Sometimes storm debris, probably deposited by hurricanes, served as a substrate for larvae which settled in the area. Little by little the former situation of lack of oxygen returned and the communities died.
Jules Verne’s life was framed by the second phase of the British Industrial Revolution. In his ni... more Jules Verne’s life was framed by the second phase of the British Industrial Revolution. In his nineteenth-century world, a transition to steam occurred. It was a time of rapid technological developments and explorations of every corner of the Earth’s surface. Then the world population clock ticked slowly and was well below 1.3 billion. Today, more than 7.8 billion people live in the fourth phase of that revolution, and the world population clock is ticking faster and faster. To solve our urgent demand for resources, we will shortly exploit the unknown treasure troves of deep ocean space. However, only some 15% of the ocean floor is mapped in detail, and less than 0.0001% of the deep-sea is explored. Since the 1990s a transition to global operational oceanography is occurring, with advanced monitoring systems, new technology like Argo floats, gliders and state-of-the-art ocean modelling. A new wave of ocean exploration is urgently needed, as is an adaptation of the prevailing interna...
Page 1. ECOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF AN UNCINULID BRACHIOPOD FROM THE DEVONIAN OF SPAIN b... more Page 1. ECOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF AN UNCINULID BRACHIOPOD FROM THE DEVONIAN OF SPAIN by PETER WESTBROEK, FERRY NEUNDORFF and JAN H. STEL Absthaít. The oriefìtations, with ...
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